Midterm 1

A  cosmogenous and hydrogenous

B  lithogenous and hydrogenous

C  biogenous and lithogenous

D  biogenous and hydrogenous

E  biogenous and cosmogenous

F  cosmogenous and lithogenous

A  fish and amphibians

B  land based plants

C  microscopic organisms

D  dinosaurs

A  volcanic

B  lithogenous

C  cosmogenous

D  hydrogenous

A  biogenous material dissolves faster than it accumulates

B  very little sediment accumulates on continental margins

C  relatively few marine organisms live in the waters over the continental margins

D  the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent

A  ecology

B  productivity

C  dilution

D  destruction

A  calcium carbonate; volcanic ash

B  silica; quartz

C  basalt; granite

D  silica; calcium carbonate

A  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

B  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

C  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will form sediments that last

D  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is stable and can form sediments that last

A  beach sand

B  diatom ooze

C  volcanic particles

D  wind-driven dust

E  clays

A  large particles

B  hydrogenous sediments

C  cosmogenous sediments

D  clay-sized particles

A  sorting

B  texture

C  fabric

D  composition

A  thick layers of sediment

B  basalt volcanism

C  hydrothermal vents

D  a central rift valley

A  volcanic in origin

B  formed at hot spots

C  parts of volcanic island arcs

D  parts of continents that broke off

A  continental slopes

B  continental shelfs

C  abyssal plains

D  submarine canyons

A  depth sounding

B  sonar waves

C  magnetometer

D  mapping with satellite

A  hydrology

B  cartography

C  bathymetry

D  tomography

E  navigation

A  a convergent boundary

B  a transform boundary

C  a divergent boundary

D  a hot spot

A  transform faults

B  subduction zones

C  submarine canyons

D  the mid-ocean ridge

A  lithosphere; mesosphere

B  lithosphere; asthenosphere

C  asthenosphere; lithosphere

D  mantle; crust

A  a snail crawls

B  a human can run

C  a human’s fingernail grows

D  a human can walk

A  at the bottom of the ocean

B  in the middle of the plates

C  on the continents

D  at plate boundaries

A  a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse magnetization in ocean crustal rocks

B  sea floor spreading

C  subduction

D  mass extinction of life-forms

A  divergent; continental; convergent

B  convergent; oceanic; divergent

C  divergent; oceanic; convergent

D  convergent; continental; divergent

A  guesses

B  observations

C  hypotheses

D  theories

A  theory formation

B  testing

C  observation

D  hypothesis

A  Pacific Ocean

B  Amazon Rainforest

C  Sahara Desert

D  Antarctica

A  Asthensophere

B  Ionosphere

C  Lithosphere

A  Lithosphere

B  Asthensophere

C  Ionosphere

A  Granite

B  Dolomite

C  Basalth

A  Granite

B  Iron

C  Coal

A  Granite

B  Iron and Nickel

C  Basalth

A  Radiometric dating

B  Outgassing

C  Density stratification

A  Outgassing

B  Density stratification

C  Innergassing

A  Outgassing

B  Radiometric dating

C  Density stratification

A  Calcium carbonate

B  Basalth

C  Granite

A  Asthensophere

B  Pangea

C  Lithosphere

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  200,000 years ago

A  200,000 years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  4.5 billion years ago

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  200,000 years ago

C  4.5 billion years ago

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  4.5 billion years ago

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE