Midterm 1

A  biogenous and hydrogenous

B  cosmogenous and lithogenous

C  lithogenous and hydrogenous

D  cosmogenous and hydrogenous

E  biogenous and cosmogenous

F  biogenous and lithogenous

A  fish and amphibians

B  dinosaurs

C  land based plants

D  microscopic organisms

A  hydrogenous

B  lithogenous

C  volcanic

D  cosmogenous

A  relatively few marine organisms live in the waters over the continental margins

B  biogenous material dissolves faster than it accumulates

C  the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent

D  very little sediment accumulates on continental margins

A  ecology

B  productivity

C  dilution

D  destruction

A  silica; quartz

B  silica; calcium carbonate

C  calcium carbonate; volcanic ash

D  basalt; granite

A  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is stable and can form sediments that last

B  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will form sediments that last

C  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

D  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

A  clays

B  volcanic particles

C  wind-driven dust

D  diatom ooze

E  beach sand

A  large particles

B  clay-sized particles

C  cosmogenous sediments

D  hydrogenous sediments

A  texture

B  fabric

C  sorting

D  composition

A  hydrothermal vents

B  a central rift valley

C  thick layers of sediment

D  basalt volcanism

A  parts of volcanic island arcs

B  parts of continents that broke off

C  formed at hot spots

D  volcanic in origin

A  continental shelfs

B  continental slopes

C  submarine canyons

D  abyssal plains

A  sonar waves

B  magnetometer

C  depth sounding

D  mapping with satellite

A  hydrology

B  tomography

C  bathymetry

D  navigation

E  cartography

A  a divergent boundary

B  a hot spot

C  a transform boundary

D  a convergent boundary

A  subduction zones

B  transform faults

C  submarine canyons

D  the mid-ocean ridge

A  lithosphere; mesosphere

B  asthenosphere; lithosphere

C  mantle; crust

D  lithosphere; asthenosphere

A  a human can run

B  a snail crawls

C  a human’s fingernail grows

D  a human can walk

A  at the bottom of the ocean

B  at plate boundaries

C  in the middle of the plates

D  on the continents

A  sea floor spreading

B  subduction

C  mass extinction of life-forms

D  a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse magnetization in ocean crustal rocks

A  divergent; oceanic; convergent

B  divergent; continental; convergent

C  convergent; oceanic; divergent

D  convergent; continental; divergent

A  guesses

B  observations

C  hypotheses

D  theories

A  theory formation

B  testing

C  observation

D  hypothesis

A  Sahara Desert

B  Amazon Rainforest

C  Antarctica

D  Pacific Ocean

A  Ionosphere

B  Lithosphere

C  Asthensophere

A  Lithosphere

B  Ionosphere

C  Asthensophere

A  Dolomite

B  Granite

C  Basalth

A  Granite

B  Coal

C  Iron

A  Granite

B  Iron and Nickel

C  Basalth

A  Density stratification

B  Outgassing

C  Radiometric dating

A  Outgassing

B  Density stratification

C  Innergassing

A  Outgassing

B  Radiometric dating

C  Density stratification

A  Calcium carbonate

B  Basalth

C  Granite

A  Lithosphere

B  Pangea

C  Asthensophere

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  200,000 years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  2.5 billion years ago

A  4.5 billion years ago

B  200,000 years ago

C  4 billion years ago

A  200,000 years ago

B  2.5 billion years ago

C  4.5 billion years ago

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  4.5 billion years ago

C  4 billion years ago

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE