Midterm 1

A  cosmogenous and hydrogenous

B  cosmogenous and lithogenous

C  biogenous and cosmogenous

D  biogenous and lithogenous

E  lithogenous and hydrogenous

F  biogenous and hydrogenous

A  dinosaurs

B  fish and amphibians

C  microscopic organisms

D  land based plants

A  cosmogenous

B  volcanic

C  lithogenous

D  hydrogenous

A  the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent

B  biogenous material dissolves faster than it accumulates

C  relatively few marine organisms live in the waters over the continental margins

D  very little sediment accumulates on continental margins

A  productivity

B  dilution

C  destruction

D  ecology

A  silica; calcium carbonate

B  calcium carbonate; volcanic ash

C  basalt; granite

D  silica; quartz

A  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

B  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will form sediments that last

C  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is stable and can form sediments that last

D  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

A  volcanic particles

B  clays

C  wind-driven dust

D  diatom ooze

E  beach sand

A  hydrogenous sediments

B  cosmogenous sediments

C  clay-sized particles

D  large particles

A  fabric

B  composition

C  sorting

D  texture

A  thick layers of sediment

B  basalt volcanism

C  hydrothermal vents

D  a central rift valley

A  volcanic in origin

B  formed at hot spots

C  parts of volcanic island arcs

D  parts of continents that broke off

A  submarine canyons

B  continental slopes

C  continental shelfs

D  abyssal plains

A  mapping with satellite

B  depth sounding

C  sonar waves

D  magnetometer

A  tomography

B  navigation

C  hydrology

D  cartography

E  bathymetry

A  a convergent boundary

B  a divergent boundary

C  a transform boundary

D  a hot spot

A  submarine canyons

B  the mid-ocean ridge

C  transform faults

D  subduction zones

A  lithosphere; asthenosphere

B  asthenosphere; lithosphere

C  lithosphere; mesosphere

D  mantle; crust

A  a snail crawls

B  a human can walk

C  a human can run

D  a human’s fingernail grows

A  at plate boundaries

B  in the middle of the plates

C  at the bottom of the ocean

D  on the continents

A  mass extinction of life-forms

B  a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse magnetization in ocean crustal rocks

C  sea floor spreading

D  subduction

A  divergent; continental; convergent

B  convergent; continental; divergent

C  divergent; oceanic; convergent

D  convergent; oceanic; divergent

A  guesses

B  hypotheses

C  theories

D  observations

A  theory formation

B  hypothesis

C  observation

D  testing

A  Antarctica

B  Amazon Rainforest

C  Sahara Desert

D  Pacific Ocean

A  Lithosphere

B  Ionosphere

C  Asthensophere

A  Ionosphere

B  Lithosphere

C  Asthensophere

A  Basalth

B  Granite

C  Dolomite

A  Granite

B  Coal

C  Iron

A  Granite

B  Basalth

C  Iron and Nickel

A  Radiometric dating

B  Outgassing

C  Density stratification

A  Innergassing

B  Density stratification

C  Outgassing

A  Radiometric dating

B  Outgassing

C  Density stratification

A  Basalth

B  Granite

C  Calcium carbonate

A  Lithosphere

B  Pangea

C  Asthensophere

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  200,000 years ago

A  4.5 billion years ago

B  200,000 years ago

C  4 billion years ago

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  200,000 years ago

C  4.5 billion years ago

A  4.5 billion years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  2.5 billion years ago

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE