Midterm 1

A  biogenous and cosmogenous

B  biogenous and hydrogenous

C  cosmogenous and lithogenous

D  cosmogenous and hydrogenous

E  lithogenous and hydrogenous

F  biogenous and lithogenous

A  dinosaurs

B  fish and amphibians

C  microscopic organisms

D  land based plants

A  volcanic

B  cosmogenous

C  lithogenous

D  hydrogenous

A  very little sediment accumulates on continental margins

B  biogenous material dissolves faster than it accumulates

C  the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent

D  relatively few marine organisms live in the waters over the continental margins

A  dilution

B  destruction

C  productivity

D  ecology

A  calcium carbonate; volcanic ash

B  basalt; granite

C  silica; quartz

D  silica; calcium carbonate

A  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is stable and can form sediments that last

B  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will form sediments that last

C  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

D  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

A  wind-driven dust

B  clays

C  beach sand

D  diatom ooze

E  volcanic particles

A  large particles

B  hydrogenous sediments

C  cosmogenous sediments

D  clay-sized particles

A  fabric

B  texture

C  sorting

D  composition

A  hydrothermal vents

B  thick layers of sediment

C  a central rift valley

D  basalt volcanism

A  parts of volcanic island arcs

B  parts of continents that broke off

C  formed at hot spots

D  volcanic in origin

A  continental shelfs

B  submarine canyons

C  continental slopes

D  abyssal plains

A  depth sounding

B  sonar waves

C  mapping with satellite

D  magnetometer

A  tomography

B  bathymetry

C  navigation

D  cartography

E  hydrology

A  a hot spot

B  a transform boundary

C  a convergent boundary

D  a divergent boundary

A  submarine canyons

B  subduction zones

C  transform faults

D  the mid-ocean ridge

A  lithosphere; mesosphere

B  asthenosphere; lithosphere

C  lithosphere; asthenosphere

D  mantle; crust

A  a human can walk

B  a snail crawls

C  a human’s fingernail grows

D  a human can run

A  at plate boundaries

B  on the continents

C  in the middle of the plates

D  at the bottom of the ocean

A  mass extinction of life-forms

B  sea floor spreading

C  a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse magnetization in ocean crustal rocks

D  subduction

A  convergent; continental; divergent

B  divergent; oceanic; convergent

C  convergent; oceanic; divergent

D  divergent; continental; convergent

A  theories

B  observations

C  guesses

D  hypotheses

A  theory formation

B  observation

C  testing

D  hypothesis

A  Amazon Rainforest

B  Antarctica

C  Sahara Desert

D  Pacific Ocean

A  Asthensophere

B  Ionosphere

C  Lithosphere

A  Ionosphere

B  Asthensophere

C  Lithosphere

A  Dolomite

B  Basalth

C  Granite

A  Granite

B  Coal

C  Iron

A  Granite

B  Basalth

C  Iron and Nickel

A  Radiometric dating

B  Outgassing

C  Density stratification

A  Density stratification

B  Outgassing

C  Innergassing

A  Density stratification

B  Radiometric dating

C  Outgassing

A  Granite

B  Calcium carbonate

C  Basalth

A  Lithosphere

B  Pangea

C  Asthensophere

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  4 billion years ago

B  200,000 years ago

C  2.5 billion years ago

A  4.5 billion years ago

B  200,000 years ago

C  4 billion years ago

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  200,000 years ago

C  4.5 billion years ago

A  4.5 billion years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  2.5 billion years ago

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE