Midterm 1

A  cosmogenous and hydrogenous

B  biogenous and cosmogenous

C  biogenous and lithogenous

D  cosmogenous and lithogenous

E  biogenous and hydrogenous

F  lithogenous and hydrogenous

A  microscopic organisms

B  fish and amphibians

C  land based plants

D  dinosaurs

A  lithogenous

B  cosmogenous

C  hydrogenous

D  volcanic

A  biogenous material dissolves faster than it accumulates

B  very little sediment accumulates on continental margins

C  relatively few marine organisms live in the waters over the continental margins

D  the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent

A  dilution

B  destruction

C  ecology

D  productivity

A  calcium carbonate; volcanic ash

B  basalt; granite

C  silica; calcium carbonate

D  silica; quartz

A  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

B  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will form sediments that last

C  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is stable and can form sediments that last

D  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

A  diatom ooze

B  wind-driven dust

C  beach sand

D  clays

E  volcanic particles

A  cosmogenous sediments

B  large particles

C  clay-sized particles

D  hydrogenous sediments

A  texture

B  sorting

C  composition

D  fabric

A  a central rift valley

B  thick layers of sediment

C  basalt volcanism

D  hydrothermal vents

A  parts of continents that broke off

B  parts of volcanic island arcs

C  formed at hot spots

D  volcanic in origin

A  submarine canyons

B  continental shelfs

C  abyssal plains

D  continental slopes

A  magnetometer

B  sonar waves

C  depth sounding

D  mapping with satellite

A  tomography

B  bathymetry

C  cartography

D  navigation

E  hydrology

A  a divergent boundary

B  a convergent boundary

C  a hot spot

D  a transform boundary

A  subduction zones

B  the mid-ocean ridge

C  submarine canyons

D  transform faults

A  lithosphere; asthenosphere

B  asthenosphere; lithosphere

C  lithosphere; mesosphere

D  mantle; crust

A  a human’s fingernail grows

B  a human can run

C  a human can walk

D  a snail crawls

A  at the bottom of the ocean

B  at plate boundaries

C  on the continents

D  in the middle of the plates

A  mass extinction of life-forms

B  a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse magnetization in ocean crustal rocks

C  subduction

D  sea floor spreading

A  convergent; oceanic; divergent

B  divergent; oceanic; convergent

C  convergent; continental; divergent

D  divergent; continental; convergent

A  observations

B  theories

C  guesses

D  hypotheses

A  testing

B  theory formation

C  hypothesis

D  observation

A  Antarctica

B  Pacific Ocean

C  Sahara Desert

D  Amazon Rainforest

A  Lithosphere

B  Ionosphere

C  Asthensophere

A  Asthensophere

B  Ionosphere

C  Lithosphere

A  Dolomite

B  Granite

C  Basalth

A  Granite

B  Iron

C  Coal

A  Granite

B  Iron and Nickel

C  Basalth

A  Outgassing

B  Density stratification

C  Radiometric dating

A  Outgassing

B  Density stratification

C  Innergassing

A  Density stratification

B  Radiometric dating

C  Outgassing

A  Granite

B  Calcium carbonate

C  Basalth

A  Asthensophere

B  Lithosphere

C  Pangea

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  200,000 years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  2.5 billion years ago

A  200,000 years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  4.5 billion years ago

A  4.5 billion years ago

B  2.5 billion years ago

C  200,000 years ago

A  4.5 billion years ago

B  4 billion years ago

C  2.5 billion years ago

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE