Midterm 1

A  biogenous and lithogenous

B  lithogenous and hydrogenous

C  biogenous and hydrogenous

D  biogenous and cosmogenous

E  cosmogenous and hydrogenous

F  cosmogenous and lithogenous

A  fish and amphibians

B  dinosaurs

C  land based plants

D  microscopic organisms

A  hydrogenous

B  lithogenous

C  cosmogenous

D  volcanic

A  relatively few marine organisms live in the waters over the continental margins

B  biogenous material dissolves faster than it accumulates

C  very little sediment accumulates on continental margins

D  the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent

A  destruction

B  ecology

C  productivity

D  dilution

A  silica; quartz

B  silica; calcium carbonate

C  calcium carbonate; volcanic ash

D  basalt; granite

A  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will form sediments that last

B  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

C  the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is stable and can form sediments that last

D  the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve

A  volcanic particles

B  beach sand

C  wind-driven dust

D  diatom ooze

E  clays

A  cosmogenous sediments

B  clay-sized particles

C  hydrogenous sediments

D  large particles

A  composition

B  texture

C  sorting

D  fabric

A  hydrothermal vents

B  a central rift valley

C  basalt volcanism

D  thick layers of sediment

A  formed at hot spots

B  parts of volcanic island arcs

C  parts of continents that broke off

D  volcanic in origin

A  continental shelfs

B  submarine canyons

C  abyssal plains

D  continental slopes

A  mapping with satellite

B  sonar waves

C  depth sounding

D  magnetometer

A  cartography

B  tomography

C  hydrology

D  bathymetry

E  navigation

A  a divergent boundary

B  a convergent boundary

C  a transform boundary

D  a hot spot

A  submarine canyons

B  subduction zones

C  the mid-ocean ridge

D  transform faults

A  mantle; crust

B  asthenosphere; lithosphere

C  lithosphere; mesosphere

D  lithosphere; asthenosphere

A  a human’s fingernail grows

B  a human can walk

C  a snail crawls

D  a human can run

A  at the bottom of the ocean

B  in the middle of the plates

C  at plate boundaries

D  on the continents

A  a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse magnetization in ocean crustal rocks

B  subduction

C  sea floor spreading

D  mass extinction of life-forms

A  divergent; continental; convergent

B  convergent; oceanic; divergent

C  divergent; oceanic; convergent

D  convergent; continental; divergent

A  guesses

B  theories

C  observations

D  hypotheses

A  theory formation

B  hypothesis

C  observation

D  testing

A  Antarctica

B  Sahara Desert

C  Pacific Ocean

D  Amazon Rainforest

A  Ionosphere

B  Asthensophere

C  Lithosphere

A  Asthensophere

B  Lithosphere

C  Ionosphere

A  Granite

B  Dolomite

C  Basalth

A  Coal

B  Iron

C  Granite

A  Iron and Nickel

B  Basalth

C  Granite

A  Radiometric dating

B  Density stratification

C  Outgassing

A  Innergassing

B  Outgassing

C  Density stratification

A  Radiometric dating

B  Outgassing

C  Density stratification

A  Basalth

B  Calcium carbonate

C  Granite

A  Asthensophere

B  Lithosphere

C  Pangea

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Pelagic (oceanic)

B  Neritic (coastal)

A  Neritic (coastal)

B  Pelagic (oceanic)

A  4 billion years ago

B  2.5 billion years ago

C  200,000 years ago

A  4 billion years ago

B  4.5 billion years ago

C  200,000 years ago

A  200,000 years ago

B  2.5 billion years ago

C  4.5 billion years ago

A  2.5 billion years ago

B  4.5 billion years ago

C  4 billion years ago

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE