Exam 2

A  Selam’s fossil contained her entire skull and spinal cord

B  An endocast allowed us to learn about the maturation rate of Australopithecus afarensis

C  She was an infant, and infant fossils are less common in the fossil record

D  Selam was an elderly fossil, which showed us how early Australopithecines started aging

A  She had large, thick molars and sexually dimorphic canines

B  She was not capable of bipedalism

C  Her legs were longer than her arms, but her arms were still long enough to brachiate

D  Her brain size was roughly 440 cubic centimeters

A  Flared zygomatics, Sagittal keel and Huge molars

B  Sagittal keel and delicate mandible

C  Flared zygomatics, Sagittal keel and delicate mandible

D  Flared zygomatics, Sagittal crest and Huge molars

A  Sagittal crest, Sagittal keel and Nuchal torus

B  Sagittal keel and Nuchal torus

C  Sagittal crest, Flared zygomatics and Nuchal torus

D  Sagittal crest, Flared zygomatics and Huge molars

A  Political strategies by male chimpanzees

B  Ability to learn English words and communicate them verbally

C  Grieving and mourning among mother chimpanzees

D  Collective problem solving strategies among apes

A  canine, incisors, premolars, molars

B  incisors, premolars, canines, molars

C  Incisors, canines, premolars, molars

D  canines, incisors, premolars

A  Whether a male can protect all the females and children in the group single handedly

B  Whether the climate is conducive to mating

C  If the male’s participation in child rearing increases the likelihood the child will survive.

D  Whether the primates are nocturnal

A  Have live young

B  Exothermic

C  Produce milk for their young

D  Endothermic

A  dental formula

B  dental attrition

C  dental enamel

D  dental arcade

A  Suggest that motherhood is learned

B  to show that the benefits of motherhood do not outweigh the costs.

C  show that rhesus monkeys do not get attached to their infants like other mammals.

D  imply that there is a biological component to the behavior of motherhood.

A  bows and arrows

B  Atylatl

C  Fossil bones

D  wooden spears

A  Herto cranium

B  Turkana boy

C  Kabwe cranium

D  Bodo cranium

A  Leather working instruments that showed Neanderthals were manipulating animals pelts in order to making clothing and shoes

B  Advanced use of hunting and trapping materials that showed Neanderthals exploited small game resources as well as oceanic resources

C  A Levallois tool making technique that allowed Neanderthals to control the size and shape of their stone tools

D  Burials where Neanderthal bodies were placed in the fetal position and covered in flowers, reflecting a potential for spirituality

A  Neanderthals had short and stocky bodies that allowed them to reduce heat in a sub-tropical environment

B  Neanderthals had bodies of equal size to Homo sapiens, which allowed them to effectively compete for resources in a mild climate

C  Neanderthals had short and stocky bodies that allowed them to retain heat in an arctic environment

D  Neanderthals had bodies that were lighter and leaner than Homo sapiens, which allowed them to retain more heat in an arctic environment

A  Swept back cheeks

B  Relatively small brain size compared to Homo sapiens

C  Double arched brow

D  Projected mid face

A  Omomyoids

B  Adapoids

C  Procunsul

D  Plesiadapiforms

A  Magdelanian

B  acheulean

C  Mousterian

D  Oldowan

A  The Dmanisi were very small in stature and lacked the features we originally believed Homo erectus needed in order to travel long distances outside of Africa.

B  The Dmanisi were found in Georgia outside of Africa and date back to 1.8 mya, which pushes the date of migration by Homo erectus back nearly 1 million years.

C  The Dmanisi were found to be advanced hunters, which negated the theory that Homo erectus migrated because they were following animals they scavenged from.

D  The Dmanisi were still using Oldowan tools, but anthropologists believed Homo erectus needed to use more advanced tools in order to meet their energy budget.

A  Sagittal keel

B  Long, low braincase

C  Thinner browridge that ancestors

D  950 cc average brain size

A  Homo erectus

B  Sahelenthropus tchadensis

C  Australopithecus afarensis

D  Homo sapiens

A  Longer legs

B  Stabilized foot arch

C  Barrel shaped rib cage

D  Longer toes