Midterm 1 (2)

A  determine the author’s background

B  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

C  evaluate the author’s sources

D  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

A  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

B  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

C  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

D  direct quotes requires a citation

A  human sources

B  government documents

C  encyclopedias

D  dictionaries

A  hand it in only once it is perfect

B  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

C  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

D  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

A  the thesis statement is the most important premise defending your conclusion

B  the more clearly, precisely, and up front you state your thesis the better

C  include some detail on how you will defend your thesis

D  limit your thesis statement to what you will defend

A  know your audience

B  know yourself

C  choose and broaden your topic

D  write a sentence that expresses your claim

A  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

B  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

C  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

D  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

A  it is a persuasive argument

B  it agrees with my views

C  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

D  it is well written or well spoken

A  try to use as many words as the original argument

B  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

C  take what is unclear and make it clear

D  be charitable

A  number the steps of the argument

B  write in complete sentences

C  put the conclusion first

D  fill in missing premises or conclusions

A  false alternatives

B  in appropriate appeal to authority

C  loaded question

D  appeal to ignorance

A  hasty generalization

B  weak analogy

C  slippery slope

D  inconsistency

A  bandwagon argument

B  scare tactics

C  red herring

D  straw man

A  two wrongs make a right

B  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

C  a personal attack (ad hominem)

D  attacking the motive

A  therefore

B  for

C  given that

D  since

A  if follows that

B  consequently

C  thus

D  because

A  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

B  an illustration

C  a report

D  a conditional statement

A  Anita Roddick

B  Mohammed Yunus

C  Gandhi

D  Mandala

A  Gandhi

B  Muhammed Yunus

C  Anita Roddick

D  Mandela

A  patience

B  explicitness

C  none of these

D  attention

A  explicitness

B  attention

C  patience

D  none of these

A  patience

B  none of these

C  explicitness

D  attention

A  ethics and sex

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and work

D  ethics and money

A  ethics and work

B  ethics and money

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and what we eat

A  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

B  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

C  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

D  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

A  all of these

B  a problem with two sharply opposed options

C  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

D  thought to be impossible to solve

A  none of these

B  revisit outlying parts of the problem

C  ask if the problem can be prevented

D  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

A  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

B  abortion and animal research in Japan

C  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

D  homelessness in other cultures

A  random word method

B  exaggeration

C  reversal

D  full steam ahead method

A  it seeks to limit the possibilities

B  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

C  it seeks to reframe the problem

D  it is essential for practical problem solving

A  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

B  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

C  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

D  all of these are true

A  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

B  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

C  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

D  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

A  trying to take into account the values on all sides

B  picking the side you personally like the best

C  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

D  finding the best balance between values at stake

A  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

B  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

C  all of these are true

D  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

A  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

B  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

C  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

D  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

A  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

B  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

C  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

D  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

A  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

B  it is legalistic and judgmental

C  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

D  it makes the problem the problem

A  all of these are true

B  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

C  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

D  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

A  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

B  be quiet

C  not be frightened by loud noises

D  like to hunt

A  reduction of social pain and suffering

B  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

C  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

D  moral and legal rights of the individual

A  advocated by Martin Buber

B  regards persons as supremely valuable

C  advocated by Immanuel Kant

D  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

A  it is short term

B  it is concerned with the well being of others

C  it is essentially social

D  it is a rational aim

A  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

B  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

C  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

D  focuses on happiness

A  include greed, lust, and gluttony

B  may be organized into ethical theories

C  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

D  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

A  God listened to Abraham

B  Abraham bargains with God,

C  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

D  Abraham thinks for himself

A  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

B  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

C  the main point of the story is not clear

D  some of the values were different then than they are now

A  not eating shrimp and lobster

B  not eating bacon

C  all of these

D  not wearing garments made out of blended material

A  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

B  lying to hide fugitive slaves

C  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

D  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

A  rules replace the need to think

B  rules may conflict

C  rules make life simpler

D  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

A  pursue the facts

B  welcome change

C  welcome challenges

D  limit your experience to what you know is true

A  seek out challenges

B  let challenges stretch your mind

C  seek out people with whom you do not agree

D  aim to live more comfortably

A  sound ethical thinking

B  dogmatism

C  relativism

D  offhand self justification

A  relativism

B  sound ethical thinking

C  dogmatism

D  offhand self-justification

A  keeping an open mind

B  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

C  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

D  avoiding name calling

A  thinking constructively

B  thinking simplistically

C  thinking creatively

D  thinking systematically