Midterm 1 (2)

A  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

B  determine the author’s background

C  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

D  evaluate the author’s sources

A  direct quotes requires a citation

B  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

C  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

D  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

A  dictionaries

B  encyclopedias

C  government documents

D  human sources

A  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

B  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

C  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

D  hand it in only once it is perfect

A  include some detail on how you will defend your thesis

B  limit your thesis statement to what you will defend

C  the thesis statement is the most important premise defending your conclusion

D  the more clearly, precisely, and up front you state your thesis the better

A  know yourself

B  choose and broaden your topic

C  write a sentence that expresses your claim

D  know your audience

A  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

B  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

C  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

D  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

A  it is a persuasive argument

B  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

C  it is well written or well spoken

D  it agrees with my views

A  be charitable

B  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

C  try to use as many words as the original argument

D  take what is unclear and make it clear

A  put the conclusion first

B  number the steps of the argument

C  write in complete sentences

D  fill in missing premises or conclusions

A  false alternatives

B  loaded question

C  in appropriate appeal to authority

D  appeal to ignorance

A  hasty generalization

B  slippery slope

C  weak analogy

D  inconsistency

A  red herring

B  scare tactics

C  bandwagon argument

D  straw man

A  attacking the motive

B  two wrongs make a right

C  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

D  a personal attack (ad hominem)

A  given that

B  therefore

C  since

D  for

A  because

B  consequently

C  thus

D  if follows that

A  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

B  a conditional statement

C  an illustration

D  a report

A  Mohammed Yunus

B  Mandala

C  Anita Roddick

D  Gandhi

A  Muhammed Yunus

B  Mandela

C  Anita Roddick

D  Gandhi

A  attention

B  explicitness

C  patience

D  none of these

A  explicitness

B  none of these

C  attention

D  patience

A  none of these

B  attention

C  patience

D  explicitness

A  ethics and work

B  ethics and money

C  ethics and what we eat

D  ethics and sex

A  ethics and work

B  ethics and money

C  ethics and what we eat

D  ethics and sex

A  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

B  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

C  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

D  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

A  all of these

B  a problem with two sharply opposed options

C  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

D  thought to be impossible to solve

A  none of these

B  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

C  ask if the problem can be prevented

D  revisit outlying parts of the problem

A  homelessness in other cultures

B  abortion and animal research in Japan

C  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

D  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

A  full steam ahead method

B  reversal

C  random word method

D  exaggeration

A  it seeks to limit the possibilities

B  it seeks to reframe the problem

C  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

D  it is essential for practical problem solving

A  all of these are true

B  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

C  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

D  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

A  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

B  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

C  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

D  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

A  trying to take into account the values on all sides

B  finding the best balance between values at stake

C  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

D  picking the side you personally like the best

A  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

B  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

D  all of these are true

A  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

B  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

C  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

D  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

A  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

B  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

C  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

D  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

A  it is legalistic and judgmental

B  it makes the problem the problem

C  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

D  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

A  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

B  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

C  all of these are true

D  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

A  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

B  be quiet

C  like to hunt

D  not be frightened by loud noises

A  reduction of social pain and suffering

B  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

C  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

D  moral and legal rights of the individual

A  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

B  advocated by Immanuel Kant

C  regards persons as supremely valuable

D  advocated by Martin Buber

A  it is concerned with the well being of others

B  it is a rational aim

C  it is essentially social

D  it is short term

A  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

B  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

C  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

D  focuses on happiness

A  may be organized into ethical theories

B  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

C  include greed, lust, and gluttony

D  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

A  Abraham bargains with God,

B  Abraham thinks for himself

C  God listened to Abraham

D  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

A  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

B  the main point of the story is not clear

C  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

D  some of the values were different then than they are now

A  not wearing garments made out of blended material

B  not eating bacon

C  all of these

D  not eating shrimp and lobster

A  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

B  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

C  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

D  lying to hide fugitive slaves

A  rules make life simpler

B  rules replace the need to think

C  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

D  rules may conflict

A  welcome challenges

B  welcome change

C  pursue the facts

D  limit your experience to what you know is true

A  aim to live more comfortably

B  let challenges stretch your mind

C  seek out challenges

D  seek out people with whom you do not agree

A  sound ethical thinking

B  offhand self justification

C  relativism

D  dogmatism

A  relativism

B  dogmatism

C  sound ethical thinking

D  offhand self-justification

A  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

B  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

C  avoiding name calling

D  keeping an open mind

A  thinking simplistically

B  thinking systematically

C  thinking creatively

D  thinking constructively