Midterm 1 (2)

A  evaluate the author’s sources

B  determine the author’s background

C  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

D  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

A  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

B  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

C  direct quotes requires a citation

D  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

A  encyclopedias

B  human sources

C  government documents

D  dictionaries

A  hand it in only once it is perfect

B  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

C  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

D  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

A  limit your thesis statement to what you will defend

B  the more clearly, precisely, and up front you state your thesis the better

C  include some detail on how you will defend your thesis

D  the thesis statement is the most important premise defending your conclusion

A  write a sentence that expresses your claim

B  choose and broaden your topic

C  know yourself

D  know your audience

A  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

B  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

C  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

D  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

A  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

B  it is a persuasive argument

C  it is well written or well spoken

D  it agrees with my views

A  take what is unclear and make it clear

B  be charitable

C  try to use as many words as the original argument

D  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

A  number the steps of the argument

B  put the conclusion first

C  fill in missing premises or conclusions

D  write in complete sentences

A  in appropriate appeal to authority

B  false alternatives

C  loaded question

D  appeal to ignorance

A  slippery slope

B  weak analogy

C  inconsistency

D  hasty generalization

A  straw man

B  red herring

C  scare tactics

D  bandwagon argument

A  a personal attack (ad hominem)

B  attacking the motive

C  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

D  two wrongs make a right

A  since

B  therefore

C  given that

D  for

A  because

B  consequently

C  thus

D  if follows that

A  a report

B  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

C  an illustration

D  a conditional statement

A  Mohammed Yunus

B  Anita Roddick

C  Mandala

D  Gandhi

A  Anita Roddick

B  Mandela

C  Gandhi

D  Muhammed Yunus

A  none of these

B  patience

C  attention

D  explicitness

A  patience

B  none of these

C  attention

D  explicitness

A  patience

B  explicitness

C  attention

D  none of these

A  ethics and sex

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and money

D  ethics and work

A  ethics and what we eat

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and money

D  ethics and sex

A  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

B  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

C  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

D  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

A  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

B  all of these

C  thought to be impossible to solve

D  a problem with two sharply opposed options

A  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

B  none of these

C  revisit outlying parts of the problem

D  ask if the problem can be prevented

A  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

B  homelessness in other cultures

C  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

D  abortion and animal research in Japan

A  exaggeration

B  full steam ahead method

C  reversal

D  random word method

A  it seeks to reframe the problem

B  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

C  it seeks to limit the possibilities

D  it is essential for practical problem solving

A  all of these are true

B  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

C  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

D  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

A  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

B  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

C  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

D  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

A  picking the side you personally like the best

B  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

C  trying to take into account the values on all sides

D  finding the best balance between values at stake

A  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

B  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

D  all of these are true

A  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

B  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

C  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

D  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

A  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

B  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

C  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

D  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

A  it makes the problem the problem

B  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

C  it is legalistic and judgmental

D  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

A  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

B  all of these are true

C  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

D  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

A  not be frightened by loud noises

B  like to hunt

C  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

D  be quiet

A  reduction of social pain and suffering

B  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

C  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

D  moral and legal rights of the individual

A  regards persons as supremely valuable

B  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

C  advocated by Immanuel Kant

D  advocated by Martin Buber

A  it is short term

B  it is concerned with the well being of others

C  it is a rational aim

D  it is essentially social

A  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

B  focuses on happiness

C  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

D  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

A  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

B  include greed, lust, and gluttony

C  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

D  may be organized into ethical theories

A  Abraham thinks for himself

B  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

C  God listened to Abraham

D  Abraham bargains with God,

A  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

B  some of the values were different then than they are now

C  the main point of the story is not clear

D  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

A  not wearing garments made out of blended material

B  all of these

C  not eating shrimp and lobster

D  not eating bacon

A  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

B  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

C  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

D  lying to hide fugitive slaves

A  rules make life simpler

B  rules replace the need to think

C  rules may conflict

D  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

A  welcome challenges

B  welcome change

C  limit your experience to what you know is true

D  pursue the facts

A  let challenges stretch your mind

B  seek out people with whom you do not agree

C  aim to live more comfortably

D  seek out challenges

A  dogmatism

B  sound ethical thinking

C  relativism

D  offhand self justification

A  sound ethical thinking

B  offhand self-justification

C  relativism

D  dogmatism

A  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

B  avoiding name calling

C  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

D  keeping an open mind

A  thinking simplistically

B  thinking constructively

C  thinking creatively

D  thinking systematically