Midterm 1 (2)

A  evaluate the author’s sources

B  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

C  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

D  determine the author’s background

A  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

B  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

C  direct quotes requires a citation

D  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

A  dictionaries

B  human sources

C  government documents

D  encyclopedias

A  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

B  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

C  hand it in only once it is perfect

D  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

A  include some detail on how you will defend your thesis

B  the more clearly, precisely, and up front you state your thesis the better

C  the thesis statement is the most important premise defending your conclusion

D  limit your thesis statement to what you will defend

A  write a sentence that expresses your claim

B  know yourself

C  know your audience

D  choose and broaden your topic

A  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

B  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

C  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

D  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

A  it is well written or well spoken

B  it is a persuasive argument

C  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

D  it agrees with my views

A  be charitable

B  take what is unclear and make it clear

C  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

D  try to use as many words as the original argument

A  put the conclusion first

B  fill in missing premises or conclusions

C  write in complete sentences

D  number the steps of the argument

A  in appropriate appeal to authority

B  loaded question

C  appeal to ignorance

D  false alternatives

A  hasty generalization

B  inconsistency

C  weak analogy

D  slippery slope

A  bandwagon argument

B  straw man

C  scare tactics

D  red herring

A  two wrongs make a right

B  a personal attack (ad hominem)

C  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

D  attacking the motive

A  therefore

B  for

C  since

D  given that

A  if follows that

B  because

C  consequently

D  thus

A  a report

B  an illustration

C  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

D  a conditional statement

A  Anita Roddick

B  Mohammed Yunus

C  Gandhi

D  Mandala

A  Muhammed Yunus

B  Gandhi

C  Anita Roddick

D  Mandela

A  patience

B  none of these

C  explicitness

D  attention

A  none of these

B  patience

C  explicitness

D  attention

A  patience

B  attention

C  explicitness

D  none of these

A  ethics and sex

B  ethics and money

C  ethics and what we eat

D  ethics and work

A  ethics and work

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and money

D  ethics and sex

A  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

B  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

C  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

D  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

A  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

B  a problem with two sharply opposed options

C  all of these

D  thought to be impossible to solve

A  ask if the problem can be prevented

B  none of these

C  revisit outlying parts of the problem

D  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

A  homelessness in other cultures

B  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

C  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

D  abortion and animal research in Japan

A  exaggeration

B  random word method

C  reversal

D  full steam ahead method

A  it seeks to reframe the problem

B  it seeks to limit the possibilities

C  it is essential for practical problem solving

D  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

A  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

B  all of these are true

C  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

D  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

A  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

B  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

C  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

D  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

A  finding the best balance between values at stake

B  picking the side you personally like the best

C  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

D  trying to take into account the values on all sides

A  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

B  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

C  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

D  all of these are true

A  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

B  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

C  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

D  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

A  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

B  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

C  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

D  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

A  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

B  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

C  it is legalistic and judgmental

D  it makes the problem the problem

A  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

B  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

C  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

D  all of these are true

A  like to hunt

B  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

C  be quiet

D  not be frightened by loud noises

A  moral and legal rights of the individual

B  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

C  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

D  reduction of social pain and suffering

A  advocated by Martin Buber

B  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

C  advocated by Immanuel Kant

D  regards persons as supremely valuable

A  it is essentially social

B  it is concerned with the well being of others

C  it is a rational aim

D  it is short term

A  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

B  focuses on happiness

C  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

D  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

A  may be organized into ethical theories

B  include greed, lust, and gluttony

C  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

D  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

A  God listened to Abraham

B  Abraham bargains with God,

C  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

D  Abraham thinks for himself

A  the main point of the story is not clear

B  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

C  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

D  some of the values were different then than they are now

A  not eating bacon

B  not wearing garments made out of blended material

C  not eating shrimp and lobster

D  all of these

A  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

B  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

C  lying to hide fugitive slaves

D  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

A  rules make life simpler

B  rules replace the need to think

C  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

D  rules may conflict

A  limit your experience to what you know is true

B  welcome change

C  welcome challenges

D  pursue the facts

A  let challenges stretch your mind

B  seek out challenges

C  aim to live more comfortably

D  seek out people with whom you do not agree

A  relativism

B  offhand self justification

C  dogmatism

D  sound ethical thinking

A  offhand self-justification

B  relativism

C  sound ethical thinking

D  dogmatism

A  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

B  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

C  keeping an open mind

D  avoiding name calling

A  thinking systematically

B  thinking creatively

C  thinking constructively

D  thinking simplistically