Midterm Exam

A  all broadcasters provide candidates for the same political office with equal opportunities to communicate their messages to the public.

B  broadcasters who aired controversial issues provide time for opposing viewpoints.

C  all network news reports be balanced and fair-minded or they would be labeled editorials.

D  all regulated newspapers establish a section of the editorial page for letters from readers.

A  55

B  75

C  25

D  40

A  tendency that people have to seek out news sources that confirm their prior beliefs about politics.

B  bias that news organizations show toward covering dramatic and entertaining stories.

C  process of preparing the public to bring specific criteria to mind when evaluating a politician or issue.

D  fact that many important news stories go uncovered by the mainstream media.

A  subscriptions.

B  government grants.

C  advertising.

D  charitable donations.

A  yellow journalism.

B  nonprofit journalism.

C  adversarial journalism.

D  fake news.

A  report extensively on government officials and political issues.

B  sell subscriptions to members of the public.

C  receive funding from the public through license fees, subsidies, or tax dollars.

D  make their content available to the public at no cost.

A  National Public Radio (NPR)

B  the National Broadcasting Network (NBC)

C  the New York Times

D  the American Broadcasting Company (ABC)

A  investigations led by Washington Post reporters in 1972.

B  President Nixon’s repudiation of the Johnson administration’s strategy in Vietnam.

C  a leak by a minor Defense Department staffer.

D  a Freedom of Information Act request by the American Civil Liberties Union.

A  radio

B  newspapers

C  the internet

D  television

A  clear and present danger

B  Lemon

C  strict scrutiny

D  speech plus

A  ruled that state-sponsored schools must be open to both men and women.

B  struck down Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act as unconstitutional.

C  led Congress to pass a new law giving workers expanded rights to sue in cases where they learn of discriminatory treatment well after it has started.

D  overturned significant portions of the Violence Against Women Act.

A  Thirty-one; 19

B  Zero; 50

C  Twenty-five; 25

D  Nineteen; 31

A  posting a comment to a social media website

B  distributing leaflets while chanting slogans at a protest demonstration

C  writing a letter to the editor of a newspaper

D  reading a poem out loud in the middle of a public park

A  Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union

B  United States v. Williams

C  District of Columbia v. Heller

D  Miller v. California

A  prior restraint is permitted in cases that involve national security.

B  journalists are held to a higher standard of libel than ordinary citizens.

C  the press has no constitutional right to withhold information in court.

D  journalists can be punished for reporting inaccurate information on political stories.

A  organic.

B  libertarian.

C  de facto.

D  de jure.

A  means testing.

B  general revenue sharing.

C  preemption.

D  indexing.

A  federalism

B  dual sovereignty

C  comity

D  vesting

A  to protect citizens from the abuses of state governments

B  to keep the states from going to war with each other

C  to promote competition between the states

D  to promote the development of commercial activity between and among the states

A  1973

B  1937

C  1915

D  1865

A  grant-in-aid

B  preemption

C  cooperative federalism

D  home rule

A  The Court gave a very restricted definition of Congress’s delegated and implied powers.

B  The Court declared that a national bank was unconstitutional.

C  The Court allowed Congress to use the necessary and proper clause to broadly interpret its delegated powers.

D  The Court announced that dual federalism did not conform to the framers’ design.

A  Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act.

B  Supreme Court’s decision in Loving v. Virginia.

C  supremacy clause of the Constitution.

D  full faith and credit clause of the Constitution.

A  chartering a national bank

B  nationalizing the nation’s oil reserves

C  preventing the production of impure goods

D  regulating the health and safety of the workplace

A  necessary and proper clause

B  due process clause

C  Tenth Amendment

D  commerce clause

A  Article I

B  First Amendment

C  Preamble

D  Tenth Amendment

A  could be amended only through a national constitutional convention in which three-fourths of state governor’s approved of all changes.

B  could not be amended.

C  could be amended with a simple majority vote of the Congress.

D  could be amended only with a unanimous vote of the Congress.

A  It asserted that slavery was a “morally unjust” institution that should be outlawed.

B  It asserted that America was “first and foremost, a Christian nation.”

C  It asserted that there were “unalienable rights” that could not be abridged by governments.

D  It asserted that laissez-faire capitalism would be the “supreme law of the land” in America.

A  democracy

B  tyranny

C  a mixed regime

D  a republic

A  a deficit that was incurred as a result of the French and Indian War

B  the cost of war against Napoleon in Europe

C  the expenses incurred in colonizing South Africa

D  the extensive roads and canals built by the British in North America

A  James Madison, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson

B  John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson

C  James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton

D  Charles Beard, Daniel Shays, and Paul Revere

A  as few representatives as possible.

B  representatives who were significantly more educated and wealthier than the majority of the public.

C  representative bodies that resembled those represented to the highest degree.

D  representatives who would reflect commercial interests.

A  an equal number of senators but linking representation in the House of Representatives to population.

B  the opportunity to elect its own governors.

C  an equal number of votes in the Electoral College.

D  a veto over constitutional amendments.

A  explicitly stated in Article II of the Constitution.

B  explicitly stated in Article I of the Constitution.

C  explicitly mentioned in the First Amendment.

D  not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.

A  the Declaration of Independence.

B  a carefully worded resolution calling on the Congress to send commissioners to Philadelphia at a later time to improve and reform the Articles of Confederation.

C  the addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution.

D  the adoption of the Star Spangled Banner as the country’s national anthem.

A  the federal court system into two levels: the Supreme Court and the appellate courts.

B  the legislature into two chambers.

C  the national government into two branches.

D  the powers of the executive branch between two individuals: the president and the vice president.

A  decreased; increased

B  increased; remained relatively constant

C  increased; decreased

D  remained relatively constant; decreased

A  shifted as a result of people leaving urban areas and moving to rural areas.

B  shifted as a result of people leaving the Northeast and Midwest and moving to the South and Southwest.

C  not experienced any regional shifts.

D  shifted as a result of people leaving the South and Southwest and moving to the Northeast and Midwest.

A  all candidates for office are wealthy.

B  less than a majority of citizens vote in every election.

C  citizens are informed.

D  all candidates for office are highly educated.

A  15; 323

B  4; 150

C  4; 327

D  15; 150

A  remained relatively constant between 1960 and 2015.

B  increased dramatically between 1960 and 2015.

C  decreased between 1960 and 1975 but increased between 1975 and 2015.

D  decreased dramatically between 1960 and 2015.

A  strongly held convictions.

B  knowledge of the American political system.

C  a lot of corporate connections.

D  significant resources, such as money.

A  is the nation’s largest employer.

B  is the nation’s fifth-largest employer.

C  is not allowed to directly employ any Americans.

D  employs a very small number of Americans.

A  citizens in a state approving the use of medical marijuana through a popular referendum

B  a citizen calling her representative to complain about potholes on local roads

C  a group of citizens coming together to debate the pros and cons of higher taxes

D  a citizen deciding to contribute money to his preferred presidential candidate

A  12

B  72

C  32

D  52

A  totalitarian.

B  democratic.

C  constitutional.

D  oligarchic.