iWriteGigs

Fresh Grad Lands Job as Real Estate Agent With Help from Professional Writers

People go to websites to get the information they desperately need.  They could be looking for an answer to a nagging question.  They might be looking for help in completing an important task.  For recent graduates, they might be looking for ways on how to prepare a comprehensive resume that can capture the attention of the hiring manager

Manush is a recent graduate from a prestigious university in California who is looking for a job opportunity as a real estate agent.  While he already has samples provided by his friends, he still feels something lacking in his resume.  Specifically, the he believes that his professional objective statement lacks focus and clarity. 

Thus, he sought our assistance in improving editing and proofreading his resume. 

In revising his resume, iwritegigs highlighted his soft skills such as his communication skills, ability to negotiate, patience and tactfulness.  In the professional experience part, our team added some skills that are aligned with the position he is applying for.

When he was chosen for the real estate agent position, he sent us this thank you note:

“Kudos to the team for a job well done.  I am sincerely appreciative of the time and effort you gave on my resume.  You did not only help me land the job I had always been dreaming of but you also made me realize how important adding those specific keywords to my resume!  Cheers!

Manush’s story shows the importance of using powerful keywords to his resume in landing the job he wanted.

Chapter 1

Navigation   » List of Schools  »  California State University, Northridge  »  Political Science  »  POLS 155 – American Political Institutions  »  Fall 2021  »  Chapter 1

Need help with your exam preparation?

Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:

Question #1
A  the Ten Commandments
B  state laws
C  the Constitution
D  the Declaration of Independence
Question #2
A  delegating to Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce
B  specifying the supremacy of national law over state law
C  ensuring that states respect the laws of other states
D  giving Congress the power to impeach the president
Question #3
A  It was especially alarming to the Federalists.
B  It gives Congress the authority to carry out other vague powers.
C  It is also known as the Commerce Clause.
D  It potentially weakens the powers of Congress
Question #4
A  the fact that the amendment process can only be initiated by the president
B  the fact that the amendment process’s rapid pace leads to hasty policy decisions
C  the fact that the amendment process must be done before July 4 each year
D  the amendment process’s consensus requirements
Question #5
A  The amendment process is speedy and allows for quick adjustment to social changes.
B  Vague language engenders debate over interpretation.
C  Vague language means that agreement needs to be nearly unanimous.
D  Vague language allows for flexibility and diversity in interpretation.
Question #6
A  The failure of the Equal Rights Amendment shows the difficulty of modifying the Constitution.
B  It is much easier for an amendment to move past the proposal stage than it is for it to move past the ratification stage.
C  The amendment process is especially responsive to minority groups.
D  Amendment language is designed to be concise and unambiguous.
Question #7
A  If Harry Burnʼs mother hadnʼt written him so many letters, women today still wouldnʼt be voting.
B  It took many years for the dream of universal suffrage, expressed by the delegates at the Seneca Falls Convention, to finally come true.
C  The suffrage movement was based on persuading individuals to change their minds, one person at a time.
D  Both Alice Paulʼs leadership and determination and Harry Burnʼs deciding vote directly impacted the passage of the 19th Amendment.
Question #8
A  a newspaper editorial
B  a letter from his mother
C  a debate between suffragists and anti-suffragists
D  a plea from his daughter
Question #9
A  The state senate had approved the amendment, and the house of representatives was tied on the vote to table it, so the speaker of the house called for a vote on the amendment itself.
B  Tennessee was something of a “swing state” in regard to the amendment because the state senate was strongly in favor of approving it, while the house of representatives was opposed.
C  The state house of representatives had already voted twice against approving the amendment, but the senate called for a new vote.
D  The 19th Amendment was already ratified and added to the U.S. Constitution, but on the state level, Tennessee had yet to approve it.
Question #10
A  The suffragists were fairly certain that they would get enough votes, but the anti-suffragists were starting to panic.
B  Both sides were confident that they would win the number of votes they needed.
C  The suffragists feared their side would not have enough votes, but the anti-suffragists were relaxed and self-assured.
D  Suspense and anxiety reigned, as neither side was sure about the outcome.
Question #11
A  In the Tennessee House of Representatives, Republican legislators wore red roses and Democratic legislators wore yellow roses.
B  The legislators who had wives or sweethearts back home wore flowers in their honor.
C  The legislators in favor of womenʼs suffrage wore roses to show their support for women.
D  The legislators who supported suffrage wore yellow roses and those who opposed it wore red roses.
Question #12
A  handing out roses representing their cause
B  rioting at state capitols where legislators were voting on the issue
C  using social media to encourage supporters to contact their representatives
D  bringing in famous musicians for concerts
Question #14
A  a vote in favor of ratification by three-fourths of state ratification conventions
B  a vote in favor of ratification by three-fourths of the state legislatures
C  a vote in favor of ratification by two-thirds of state ratification conventions
D  a vote in favor of ratification by two-thirds of the state legislatures
Question #15
A  An amendment must be proposed by a unanimous vote of a special amendments committee of Congress and then ratified by a majority of voters in a national election.
B  An amendment must be proposed by two-thirds of Congress or a national convention and then ratified by three-fourths of either the state legislatures or state ratification conventions.
C  An amendment must be proposed by three-fourths of Congress or a national convention and then ratified by two-thirds of either the state legislatures or state ratification conventions.
D  An amendment must be proposed by either Congress (both houses) or the president and then ratified by a simple majority of either the state legislatures or governors.
Question #16
A  Women who demand citizenship are hypocrites because they also argue that criminals and the mentally impaired should not have citizenship rights.
B  Itʼs silly to equate voting with citizenship, because male criminals and mentally impaired people are other examples of non-voting citizens.
C  Women donʼt need to be citizens, since they are meant to stay within the home and serve their families.
D  Women already are citizens; they do not vote because their work as citizens is in the domestic sphere, not the political sphere.
Question #17
A  Women are too pure to be tainted by the dirty business of politics.
B  Women are too stupid to make good choices in the voting booth.
C  Government is man’s work.
D  The welfare of children is woman’s work.
Question #18
A  local government
B  cooking
C  housekeeping
D  the welfare of children
Question #19
A  It did not address the rights of states.
B  It did not abolish slavery and involuntary servitude.
C  It specifically revoked women’s citizenship.
D  It did not address voting rights for women.
Question #20
A  to guarantee that all U.S. citizens, regardless of economic status, can participate in elections
B  to ensure that citizens could not be denied the right to vote on the basis of race
C  to guarantee that all U.S. citizens are granted the same equal protections under the law
D  to guarantee that all U.S. citizens, regardless of sex, have the same legal rights
Question #21
A  income tax
B  sovereign immunity
C  women’s suffrage
D  the Civil War amendments
Question #22
A  the right to bear arms
B  voting rights
C  prohibition
D  sovereign immunity
Question #23
A  federal elections
B  taxes
C  states’ rights
D  voting rights
Question #25
A  civil liberties
B  prohibition
C  suffrage
D  taxes
Question #26
A  They believed the Constitution was meant to be more or less permanent and unchanging.
B  They intended for all ratified amendments to have widespread support.
C  They intended to limit the states’ influence on the Constitution.
D  They wanted to limit the power of all branches of government in this regard.
Question #27
A  through proposal by a two-thirds vote in Congress and approval by conventions held in three-fourths of the states
B  through proposal at a national convention called by Congress in response to petitions from two-thirds of the states and approval by three-fourths of the state legislatures
C  through proposal at a national convention called by Congress in response to petitions from two-thirds of the states and approval by conventions held in three-fourths of the states
D  through proposal by a two-thirds vote in Congress, and approval by three-fourths of the state legislatures
Question #28
A  the drafting stage
B  the publication stage
C  the ratification stage
D  the proposal stage
Question #29
A  Every state must make the decision to ratify an amendment.
B  The amendment process has many stages, all of which pertain to one core decision.
C  Proposals for amendments may come from any branch of government.
D  The amendment process is comprised of a series of decisions made by various actors.
Question #30
Freedom in the World 2019: Russia
Overview
Power in Russia’s authoritarian political system is concentrated in the hands of President Vladimir Putin. With loyalist security forces, a subservient judiciary, a controlled media environment, and a legislature consisting of a ruling party and pliable opposition factions, the Kremlin is able to manipulate elections and suppress genuine dissent. Rampant corruption facilitates shifting links among bureaucrats and organized crime groups.

Key Developments in 2018
Vladimir Putin easily won a fourth term as president in a March election that excluded viable opposition candidates.
In October, compelled by budget constraints, Putin signed deeply unpopular pension legislation that increased the retirement age for men from 60 to 65 and for women from 55 to 60. Thousands of people had participated in protests against the change, leading to hundreds of arrests across the country.
The pro-Kremlin United Russia party generally dominated regional elections during the year, though it lost its hold on the governorship in four of the 22 regions at stake.
The authorities blocked the popular messaging application Telegram in April. Also that month, journalist Maksim Borodin was found dead at his Yekaterinburg residence under suspicious circumstances, after investigating the deaths of Russian mercenaries fighting in Syria.

According to the above excerpts from Freedom House’s 2019 profile on Russia, in what ways has the Russian political system diverged from the fundamental principles established in the Russian Constitution?

A  The Russian government has ignored human dignity, tortured prisoners, and frequently used capital punishment.
B  The Russian government has banned religious practices, established prison camps for dissidents, and required citizens to join the ruling United Russia party.
C  The Russian government has failed to provide healthcare, parental leave, and retirement pensions to most citizens in need of such social-welfare programs.
D  The Russian government has restricted free speech, maintained dominance over the media, and limited political competition.
Question #31
Freedom in the World 2019: United States
Overview
The United States is arguably the world’s oldest existing democracy. Its people benefit from a vibrant political system, a strong rule-of-law tradition, robust freedoms of expression and religious belief, and a wide array of other civil liberties. However, in recent years its democratic institutions have suffered erosion, as reflected in partisan manipulation of the electoral process, bias and dysfunction in the criminal justice system, flawed new policies on immigration and asylum seekers, and growing disparities in wealth, economic opportunity, and political influence.

Key Developments in 2018
The opposition Democratic Party took control of the lower house of Congress in November elections, which also featured contests for one-third of the Senate and numerous state-level offices. Turnout was the highest for midterm elections since 1914, and spending was the highest ever for US midterm elections.
Among numerous other judicial appointments, President Donald Trump secured his second appointment to the Supreme Court in October, when the Senate narrowly approved Judge Brett Kavanaugh to succeed retiring justice Anthony Kennedy after a tempestuous hearing process in which Kavanaugh was accused of past sexual abuse.
The administration took several steps aimed at tightening control over immigration that ran afoul of due process standards and both US and international law. They included an attempt to block asylum applications for those who cross the border outside official ports of entry, though that and other policies were being contested in the courts at year’s end.
The investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election made significant progress during the year, resulting in criminal charges against multiple Russian nationals and guilty pleas from several Americans associated with Trump’s campaign.

According to the above excerpt from Freedom House’s 2019 profile on the United States, in what ways has the U.S. political system diverged from the fundamental principles established in the U.S. Constitution?

A  The Trump administration’s numerous judicial appointments included Judge Brett Kavanaugh, whose confirmation was controversial.
B  After the 2018 midterm elections, the Democratic Party gained control of the lower house of Congress (the House of Representatives).
C  The United States experienced the highest voter turnout for a midterm election since 1914, with the highest spending in history.
D  The Trump administration’s policies on immigration breached American and international law and disregarded due process standards.
Question #32
A  The Russian Constitution establishes that all citizens have the right to legal assistance, but the U.S. Constitution does not.
B  The Russian Constitution specifically allows capital punishment for extremely grave offenses, but the U.S. Constitution does not.
C  The U.S. Constitution includes a right to privacy in the home, but the Russian Constitution does not.
D  Both constitutions describe a right to a public trial, but the Russian Constitution limits this right to only capital punishment cases.
Question #33
A  Both constitutions protect free speech, but the Russian Constitution includes language that stipulates limits to this freedom.
B  Both constitutions guarantee the right to a speedy, public trial, but the U.S. Constitution does not protect the right of the accused to confront witnesses.
C  The Russian Constitution establishes a right to freely associate in public organizations and assembly, but the U.S. Constitution does not.
D  The U.S. Constitution protects individuals from discrimination based on sex, race, nationality, or religion, but the Russian Constitution does not.
Question #34
A  In both countries, the constitution has supreme power, but only the executive branch enforces that power.
B  In both countries, there are three branches of government, but none of these branches have any power.
C  Both governments have three independent branches, and each country’s constitution is the supreme law of the land.
D  Both governments have three branches, with the executive branch being the central force of state power.
Question #35
A  The Constitution of the Russian Federation is the supreme law of the land.
B  The rights and freedoms of citizens are the supreme value.
C  The state has no role in upholding or implementing the rights of citizens.
D  The president of the federation shall decide the rights and freedoms of citizens.
Question #36
A  the enumerated powers of Congress
B  the president’s authority to fill judicial vacancies when the Senate is in recess
C  the legal status of the Constitution as the supreme law of the land
D  the definition of treason
Question #37
A  republican
B  monarchical
C  aristocratic
D  territorial
Question #38
A  The phrases “United States,” “Union,” and “sovereign statehood of Russia”—and the lack of any references to states or provinces—suggest that the constitutions mean to emphasize a strong central government.
B  The phrases “perfect Union” and “proceeding from the universally recognized principles of equality” suggest that the framers of both constitutions thought they were forming a perfect, utopian country.
C  The phrases “We the People of the United States” and “We, the multinational people of the Russian Federation” suggest that both countries’ founders believed all citizens were equal and entitled to rights and protections.
D  The phrases “establish Justice” and “preserving the historically established state unity” suggest that neither justice nor state unity had existed in these places before the constitutions were written.
Question #39
A  Article I
B  Article VI
C  Article IV
D  Article V
Question #40
A  It permits Congress to overrule the decisions of lower federal courts.
B  It allows Congress to choose the number of justices on the Supreme Court.
C  It enables Congress to appoint federal judges.
D  It empowers Congress to create the Supreme Court.
Question #41
A  It describes the system of checks and balances.
B  It discusses the sharing of power among the states.
C  It establishes the number of justices on the Supreme Court.
D  It vests executive power in the president.
Question #42
A  Article III
B  Article I
C  Article II
D  Article IV
Question #43
A  the Preamble, the articles, and the amendments
B  the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary
C  the Commerce Clause, the Necessary and Proper Clause, and the Supremacy Clause
D  the Preamble, the branches of government, and the state and national governments and amendment process
Question #44
A  The U.S. Constitution has more articles than most state constitutions.
B  The U.S. Constitution is amended more frequently than most state constitutions.
C  The U.S. Constitution has far more text than most state constitutions.
D  The U.S. Constitution has a much more rigorous amendment process.
Question #45
A  because most contemporary issues revolve around the continued struggle for power between national and state governments
B  because the powers of the executive branch have exceeded those of Congress and the judiciary
C  because the majority of Americans want to limit the power of the national government
D  because it is uncertain whether the current system ensures people are indirectly represented
Question #46
A  the military, the chief executive, and the Supreme Court
B  the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the president
C  the executive, the cabinet, and the military
D  the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary
Question #47
A  create an effective federal court system
B  limit the power of the central government
C  limit the power of the people
D  limit the power of the states
Question #48
A  They wanted to enhance states’ rights.
B  They wanted to ensure that the people would be represented indirectly.
C  They wanted to preserve a weak central government.
D  They wanted one branch of government to wield more power than the others.
Question #49
A  a promise to amend the document to clarify the limits on national government power
B  an executive order opening Western territories for settlement
C  an agreement to count each enslaved person as two-fifths of a person
D  a promise to establish a national bank during the first session of Congress
Question #50
A  New York and Virginia were two of the most populous states.
B  Ratification from eleven of thirteen states was required for adoption.
C  Unanimous consent was required.
D  The Constitution would not have enough backing without New York and Virginia.
Question #51
A  The Constitution allowed the states to coin money.
B  The Constitution established term limits for legislators.
C  The Constitution gave Congress the power to establish a national court system.
D  The Constitution required unanimous consent to amend the document.
Question #52
A  a bicameral legislature
B  one-year legislative terms
C  a prime minister
D  voting rights for people who were enslaved
Question #53
A  where the executive should live
B  how the executive should be controlled by the states
C  how to elect the executive
D  who should serve as the nation’s first executive
Question #54
A  Each state would have one vote in a unicameral legislature.
B  Each state would have two votes in a unicameral legislature.
C  Each state would be proportionally represented in a unicameral legislature.
D  Each state would be proportionally represented in one house of a bicameral legislature.
Question #55
A  the Florida Plan
B  the Virginia Plan
C  the New Jersey Plan
D  the Rhode Island Plan
Question #56
A  small states, such as Rhode Island
B  the anti-Federalists
C  the Federalists
D  large states, such as Virginia
Question #57
A  the vulnerability of the new nation due to the lack of an executive
B  memories of the Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party
C  similarities between the executive branch and the British Crown
D  the ability of states to coin money
Question #58
A  a bicameral legislature
B  lack of state sovereignty
C  a strong executive branch
D  ratification of the Articles by unanimous consent of the states
Question #59
A  The colonists did not expect the Articles of Confederation to last.
B  The colonists were afraid of a weak central authority.
C  The colonists were afraid of mob rule.
D  The colonists were afraid that a single executive would become tyrannical.
Question #60
A  the incredible power of small states
B  the power of the central government to raise an army
C  a weak central government
D  mob rule
Question #61
A  a republic
B  a bureaucracy
C  a constitutional monarchy
D  a direct democracy
Question #62
A  Bill of Rights
B  Treaty of Paris
C  Articles of Confederation
D  Declaration of Independence
Question #63
A  It dissolved colonial allegiance to Great Britain.
B  It outlined the principles a national government should incorporate.
C  It ended the war with Great Britain.
D  It established a new system of government.
Question #64
A  individual liberties and the government’s duty to protect them
B  the supremacy of the legislative branch
C  states’ rights and the government’s duty to protect them
D  the supremacy of the executive branch
Question #65
A  Thomas Jefferson
B  George Washington
C  Benjamin Franklin
D  James Madison
Question #66
A  the first section, or preamble
B  the second section, based on Lockean philosophy
C  the third section, outlining the oppressive actions of the Crown
D  the fourth section, describing attempts at reconciliation
Question #67
A  the meeting of the Second Continental Congress
B  the Boston Tea Party
C  the French and Indian War
D  the meeting of the First Continental Congress
Question #68
A  the establishment of prison colonies in the Americas
B  the levying of heavy taxes on staples such as sugar and tea
C  the 1774 meeting of the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia
D  a requirement for colonists to quarter British soldiers
Question #69
A  that they were forced to work in unsanitary conditions
B  that they did not have any leeway to self-govern
C  that they were not allowed to keep enslaved people
D  that they were subject to oppressive taxes from the British Crown
Question #70
A  the oldest existing federal constitution
B  the only attempt at establishing a government in the United States
C  a fundamentally flawed document that created an unstable government
D  the first attempt to organize political structures in the United States