Bacteria and Archaea

A  Tetanus

B  Strep throat 

C  Botulism

D  Anthrax

A  Two months

B  Millions of years 

C  One year

D  20 years

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  All of the choices are correct

B  Osmotic pressure

C  pH

D  Temperature

A  lipid membrane

B  peptidoglycan

C  protein 

D  lipopolysaccharide

A  protien; lipids

B  calcium; water 

C  water; calcium

D  peptidoglycan; cell membrane

A  protein

B  cell membrane

C  peptidoglycan 

D  flagellar proteins

A  the membrane of the mother cell 

B  the cell wall of the mother cell

C  proteins produced by the mother cell

D  the cyptoplasm of the mother cell

A  father cell

B  haploid cell

C  mother cell

D  parent cell

A  As a normal part of cellular growth

B  When the organism is placed in a hypertonic solution

C  When nutrients are depleted or conditions become adverse 

D  When the organism is exposed to sunlight

A  Complex media

B  pH = 4

C  Temperature of 45°C

D  All of the choices are correct.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  a non-diving bacterial cell

B  a frozen cell

C  a bacterial cell with an impervious coating

D  a metabolically active cell 

A  They pose no risk to the health of hospital patients.

B  They can lead to systemic infections. 

C  They exhibit the same gene expression as nonbiofilm-associated bacteria.

D  None of the choices are correct.

A  Artificial heart valves

B  Teeth

C  All of the chioces are correct

D  Catheters

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  oxygen gradient

B  pH gradient

C  nutrient concentration

D  All of the choices are correct. 

A  Lysozyme

B  IL-4

C  Exotoxin

D  Exopolymer

A  Fimbriae

B  Fimbriae and flagella 

C  Flagella

D  Spike proteins

A  Dry abiotic surfaces

B  Moist abiotic surfaces

C  Moist abiotic surfaces and biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue 

D  Biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue

A  on the walls of swimming pools

B  on a variety of surfaces including shower curtains, the walls of swimming pools, and teeth 

C  on teeth

D  on shower curtains

A  motility

B  maintaining cell shape

C  attachment

D  transferring DNA to other cells

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lack cell walls 

B  Gram-positive cell walls 

C  Gram-negative cell walls 

D  Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

A  Gram-negative cell walls 

B  Lack cell walls 

C  Gram-positive cell walls 

D  Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

A  Gram-positive cell walls 

B  Gram-negative cell walls 

C  Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

D  Lack cell walls 

A  Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

B  Gram-positive cell walls 

C  Lack cell walls 

D  Gram-negative cell walls 

A  membrane; nutrient transfer

B  flagellum; motility

C  pilus; genetic exchange

D  membrane; genetic exchange

A  The bacterium will tumble until it reaches the nutrient

B  The bacterium will run in a straight direction all the way to the nutrient solution

C  The bacterium will have longer runs towards the nutrient, but it will still tumble at times 

D  The bacterium will rotate its flagella clockwise most of the time

A  The number of cilia present on a cell

B  The number of flagella present on a cell

C  Whether a cell is gram-positive or gram-negative

D  The position of flagella within the cell wall

E  The direction of flagellar rotation 

A  Fimbriae

B  Flagella 

C  Pili

D  Cilia

A  Chemicals

B  Sound

C  Light

D  Temperature

A  Pilus

B  Capsule 

C  Fimbria

D  Flagellum

A  Capsule

B  Pilus 

C  Fimbria

D  Flagellum

A  Hollow tubes for material exchange
Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues
Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis

B  Hollow tubes for material exchange
Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis
Short appendages

C  Hollow tubes for material exchange
Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues
Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis
Participate in biofilm formation
Short appendages

D  Hollow tubes for material exchange
Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues
Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis
Participate in biofilm formation

A  Flagellum-motility

B  Fimbriae-motility 

C  Capsule-protective layer

D  Pilus-attachment

A  It provides motility to bacterial cells, allowing them to spread throughout the host organism

B  The presence of the capsule allows a bacterium to evade the immune system and cause damage to the host 

C  It is released by the bacterium, killing any adjacent host cells

A  Pseudomonas

B  Klebsiella 

A  Clear halos around the cells 

B  Dark circles surrounding the cell wall

C  Colored layers of threadlike structures surrounding the cell

A  Proteins

B  Nucleic acids

C  Carbohydrates 

D  Lipids

A  The secreted extracellular “gunk” is highly damaging to tissues.

B  Bacteria in biofilms are often protected from antibiotics. 

C  Most microbes cannot cause disease without other microbes present.

A  Ear wax

B  Yellow or green discharge

C  Salivary secretions

D  Dental plaque