L1 The Foundation of Biochemistry

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It increases the activation energy

B  It increases the yield

C  It increases the rate

D  It increases the heat of reaction

A  Not all chemical reactions respond to catalysts

B  A catalyst will increase the activation energy in both directions; therefore, no shift in the position of equilibrium will result.

C  Equilibrium constants are not affected by adding a catalyst since no shift in the position of equilibrium occurs.

D  The position of equilibrium is not affected by adding a catalyst since a catalyst speeds up both the forward and back reactions by exactly the same amount.

A  decreasing the activation energy

B  increasing the amount of free energy released

C  decreasing the amount of free energy released

D  increasing the energy of the transition state

E  increasing the activation energy

A  autotrophic

B  amphibolic

C  heterotrophic

D  catabolic

E  anabolic

A  The Gibbs free energy change is the proportion of the enthalpy change of a reaction that is used to increase the entropy

B  The Gibbs free energy is represented by the symbol G

C  A reaction with a negative Gibbs free energy change of reaction is called an exergonic reaction

D  If the Gibbs free energy change for a reaction is negative, the reaction happens spontaneously

A  Endothermic

B  Exothermic

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  negative

B  positive

C  zero

D  infinite

A  spontaneous

B  nonspontaneous

C  forward

D  backward

A  forward

B  Reaction stops

C  both forward and reverse

D  reverse

A  A state of balance in a chemical reaction where the speed of the forward reaction is unequal to the reverse reaction.

B  A chemical reaction in which the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same time and at the same rate.

C  A neutralization reaction with equal number of moles of an acid and a base.

D  A steady state in which matter is entering and leaving the system at a constant rate.

A  the forward process is spontaneous but the reverse process is not

B  the free energy change is 0

C  the reverse process is spontaneous but the forward process is not.

D  both forward and reverse processes have stopped

A  is considered irreversible

B  is considered reversible

A  more activation energy is needed than for an endergonic reaction

B  less activation energy is needed than for an endergonic reaction

C  products have less energy than reactants

D  products have more energy than reactants

A  The reaction goes only in a forward direction: all reactants will be converted to products, but no products will be converted to reactants

B  The reactions are rapid

C  The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy

D  The products have more total energy than the reactants

E  A net input of energy from the surroundings is required for the reactions to proceed

A  coupling them with exergonic reactions via a common intermediate

B  coupling them to the hydrolysis of ATP

C  manipulating the concentrations of products and reactants such that ΔG < 0

D  all of the above

A  exothermic

B  endergonic

C  endothermic

D  exergonic

E  at equilibrium

A  Adding a product causes a reversible reaction to shift in the direction of the formation of the reactants.

B  Removing a reactant always shifts a reversible reaction in the direction of reactants.

C  Adding a reactant always shifts a reversible reaction in the direction of reactants.

D  Removing a product shifts a reversible reaction in the direction of formation of products.

A  Keq = 3.5

B  Keq = 0.0

C  Keq =6.0×10^-4

D  Keq = 0.002

A  endergonic

B  endothermic

C  at equilibrium

D  exergonic

E  exothermic

A  both the forward and the reverse reactions have stopped.

B  neither the forward nor the reverse reaction has stopped

C  the reverse reaction has stopped.

D  the forward reaction has stopped.

E  the sum of the concentrations of A and B must equal the sum of the concentrations of C and D.

A  If ΔG for a reaction is negative, the forward reaction happens spontaneously

B  Catalysts do not alter the position of equilibrium: they do not shift the equilibrium to the left or right

C  At equilibrium, ΔG = 0

D  If the equilibrium constant is very large, ΔG is positive

A  The reaction lies in the middle

B  The reaction lies to the right

C  The reaction lies to the left

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  At equilibrium, there is no net change in the system

B  At equilibrium, the rates of the forward and back reactions are identical

C  At equilibrium, the concentration of reactants and products stays the same

D  At equilibrium, the forward and back reactions cease to occur

A  At absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal is considered to be zero

B  The internal energy of the universe is constant

C  When an isolated system undergoes a spontaneous change, the entropy of the system will increase

D  Energy can be neither created nor destroyed

A  The difference between the energy released by bond formation and the energy consumed by bond cleavage during a chemical reaction

B  The energy consumed when chemical bonds are broken during a chemical reaction

C  The increase in disorder of the system as a reaction proceeds

D  The energy released when chemical bonds are formed during a chemical reaction

A  The energy stored in chemical bonds is referred to as kinetic energy

B  Energy can be converted from one form to another

C  The total energy in a chemical universe (a system and its surroundings) is constant

D  An object suspended in the air has more energy than an object lying on the ground

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  free-energy change

B  waste of energy

C  equilibrium state

D  dynamic steady state

E  exergonic change

A  enantiomers

B  anomers

C  diastereoisomers

D  geometric isomers

E  cis-trans isomers

A  Trigonal pyramidal

B  Tetrahedral

C  Trigonal bipyramidal

D  Trigonal planar

E  Linear

A  ester

B  aldehyde

C  ketone

D  carboxylic acid

E  ether

A  are independent of the functional groups

B  are the reactions of the functional groups

C  require an enzyme in all cases

D  all of the above

A  open systems

B  closed systems

C  isolated systems

D  thermally isolated

E  none of the above

A  Chemotrophs rely on chemical compounds derived from other organisms

B  Maintaining a steady state is coupled to a flux of metabolites

C  All living organisms try to be in equilibrium

D  A living cell tries to maintain a steady state

E  Organisms use metabolic processes to obtain the free energy they need to carry out various functions

A  H

B  O

C  S

D  N

E  C