Exam 2

A  The psychological factors of violence derive from dysfunctional or pathological socialization of the deviants in his/her childhood or early adolescents.

B  None of the other three

C  The sociocultural factors of violence are deeply rooted in the rapidly changing American social structure and cultural values in the post-modern era.

D  The biological factors of violence are usually attributed to neurological vulnerability of the individual deviant.

A  Japanese culture is individual centered

B  American culture ensures a high degree of freedom and creativity

C  Japanese seem to be more disciplined and orderly yet less free and creative than Americans.

D  American society is highly vulnerable to deviance and alienation

A  It has not reconstructed a new cultural ethos

B  It has yet to replace the old cultural ethos

C  It features computer, the internet, and social media

D  It constantly challenges traditional norms

A  Anomie remains to be the most significant structural and cultural source of deviance

B  Anomie is more prevalent among postmodern societies, particularly among those with a high degree of individualism and a rapid rate of social change.

C  Anomie is becoming normalized in post moderns society

D  Postmodern generation has become increasingly sensitized to the culture of anomie (social fragmentation and existential alienation)

A  Deviations from norms in a given society are considered as abnormal and subject to negative sanctions.

B  Multi-dimensional concept of normalcy involves statistical, biological, psychological, sociocultural normalcy

C  What is normal or abnormal is culturally irrelative

D  Deviance is unthinkable without norms

A  It has the most open immigratin policies

B  It maintains the most restrictive gun laws in the world

C  It produces the highest homicide rate among the leading postmodern societies

D  It has the highest divorce rate in the world

A  Deviance is abnormal behavior or norm-violating behavior that transgresses the tolerance limits of a community

B  Deviance is always manufactured by society, particularly by a powerful group of people

C  Deviance takes place as part of a labeling process by a social audience.

A  entrance to deviant subculture (secondary deviance)

B  primary deviance (violation of norms)

C  Stigma attaching labeling and social rejection/isolation

D  Needs for belonging and acceptance, rationalization of deviations, and successful defenses

A  All of the other three

B  Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal, Antisocial

C  Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic

D  Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive

A  has an onset in adulthood or senior stage.

B  Does not necessarily lead to distress and impairment

C  Is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture.

D  Is neither pervasive nor inflexible.

A  Universal ethical principla orientation stage

B  Punishment-obedience orientation stage

C  Social order, fixed rules and authority stage

D  Identity claim and role play stage

A  Peer relations are uncorrelated to high school dropout nor teenage suicide.

B  Peer relations tend to produce pressure to conform to peer norms and expectations.

C  American adolescents are more subjected to peer stress than their counterparts in other countries.

D  Peer relations have the most impact in all outcome behavio measures of adolescents

A  The period of denial, apathy and depression.

B  Regression into infantile behavior and child-like dependency.

C  The initial shock and feelings of disbelief, and other helplessness and worthlessness.

D  Rejection of the aggressor’s values and hostility toward the perpetrator.

A  Intelligence increases with age in some dimensions while declining in others.

B  Intelligence declines with age.

C  Intelligence declines with age in some dimensions but in other dimensions.

D  Intelligence does not decline with age

A  All of the other three

B  Each life stage is characterized by a crisis or dilemma

C  the various life stages are not equal in length, depending on cultural and individual differences.

D  The positive and negative components of each stage are mutually exclusive

A  The phenomenon of adolescence is a by-product of industrialization and concomitant of sociocultural changes in the modern world.

B  Schaefer’s hypothetical model for maternal behavior consists of two bipolar dimensions of mother’s attitudes and disciplinary behavior: love versus hostility and control versus autonomy.

C  The consistency theory asserts that personality changes consistently and persistently throughout adulthood.

D  Accordig to Dimsdale, effective coping strategies are functionally interlinked in order of relative importance, forming a hierarchy of functional coping strategies for mitigating the impact of stress under extreme conditions.

A  The life-span approach emphasizes the interaction of individual and social characteristics throughout the life span.

B  None of the other three.

C  Life-stage theories generally contend that personality develops through a certain pattern of sequential age-linked stages that are more or less universal.

D  Life-course views focus on age-graded norms, generation effects, role transitions, and historical context on personality development

A  Counter, delinquent, and mainstream values and norms.

B  All of the other three

C  In-group ingo or argot and unique styles of fads

D  Charismatic leadership and her worship

A  Slavery

B  Hospitals

C  Prisons

D  POW camps

A  Re-expereince of the trauma

B  Post-trauma onset of symptoms

C  Activation of defense.

D  Numbing of responsiveness

A  The higher th degree of modernizatio, the lower the degree of social status and integration of the elderly in a given society.

B  An increasing number of older people prefer to live separately from their adult children

C  A vertical social structure and a traditon of filial piety can counteract the impact of modernization on the care of the elderly in a given society.

D  More and more people realize that successful aging means to stay healthy, economically secure, and socially active.

A  Social acceptance of divorce in America

B  American wives’ extensive participation in the workforce

C  Poverty and violence in inner American cities

D  Liberalization of divorce law

A  Family

B  Social activities

C  School

D  Peers

A  Cultural-sociological

B  Outer-physical

C  Inner-biological

D  Change-dialectical

A  A sense of collective identity

B  A collective superiority over childhood

C  The primary group need satisfaction

D  A collective protection from adult controls.

A  Role change theory

B  Engagement Theory.

C  Activity theory

D  Disengagement theory

A  Withdrawal from active roles and social interactions in old age.

B  continued engagement in role activities by old people.

C  A resurgence in creativity in the later years of life.

D  A decline in mental functions among the elderly.

A  From the stage of concrete intellectual operations to the stage of abstract operations.

B  From the stage of intuitive intelligence to the stage of practical intelligence

C  From the stage of the first differential emotions to the stage of the first external affective fixations

D  From the reflex or hereditary stage to the state of the first motor habits.

A  Father absence is associated with a decrease in verbal abilities and writing skills in children

B  Father absence in the first two years of infancy is critical and may lead to feminine orientation in boys.

C  Father absence caused by divorce have more severe consequences than that caused by death

D  Father-absent girls are more aggressive and exposed to sexual experiences at an earlier age than father-present girls

A  The passive-dependent

B  The unintegrated

C  The armored-defended

D  The integrated

A  Inconsistency and non-cumulative influence

B  Direction of change from simple to complex

C  Critical age and experience

D  Quantitative and qualitative changes

A  Experience a transformation in marital life

B  Shift from one life structure to another

C  Make certain key choices and pursue his or her goals within a formed structure.

D  Experience a transition in his or her occupational role

A  Staged changes throughout the lifespan

B  Over-generalization from Western experiences

C  Maturational determinism

D  Invariant order of developmental changes

A  Heavy workloads, tight deadlines, and underutilization of abilities

B  Health and safety hazars, the threat of unemployment, and job insecurity

C  high levels of role ambiguity or conflict and lack of participation in decision making

D  Psychological withdrawal, time-out activities, and hiding behind policy rules

A  The transcendent-generative path

B  The pseudo-developed man path.

C  The punitive-disenchanted path

D  The midlife crisis path

A  Physiological and psychological differences

B  Different rates of socialization

C  Adolescents’ stressful life events

D  Rapid social cultural changes

A  Both natural and man-made disasters

B  Natural disasters such as earthquakes and epidemics.

C  Neither natural nor man-made disasters

D  Man-made disasters such as total institutions and hostage cries

A  Age and racial discriminations

B  Age and ethnic discriminations

C  Age and gender discriminations

D  All of the three

A  Some deprivation effects are reversible, depending on timing, duration and intensity of deprivation

B  Individual differences in response to deprivation need to be emphasized as many children are not affected by mother deprivation

C  Personality disorder of mother-absent children are linked with broken homes not because of the mother absence per se but rather because of the discord and disharmony which led to the break

D  “Maternal deprivation” is too heterogenous and the effects are too varied for any meaningful analysis

A  Adolescents

B  Teachers

C  Peers

D  Parents

A  All of the other three

B  Institutionalied oppression

C  Normalized anomie and violence

D  Rationalized terrorism

A  Role continuity

B  Role withdrawal

C  Role substitution

D  Role attrition

A  Mastery, denial, psychological removal, regression, and depndency/identification

B  The will to live, the mobilization of hope, regressive behavior, surrender to stress, and fatalism

C  Ineffectualization, belief in mortality, time distortion, a sense of humor, and the Musselman-type apathy.

D  Differential focus on the good, survival for some purpose, psychological withdrawal, mastery, and group affiliation

A  The later born is more extroverted, sociable, empathetic and risk-taking than the first born.

B  Intelligence is not necessarily a product of how many brothers and sisters you have, and of your seniority in the family.

C  Intelligence decreases with family size, the fewer the children in your family, the smarter you are likely to be. Intelligence also decreases with birth order, the fewer older brothers or sisters you have, the brighter you are likely to be.

D  Intelligences increases with family size, and the more children in your family, the smarter you are likely to be. Intelligence also increase with birth order, the more older brothers or sisters you have, the brighter you are likely to be.

A  Life is simple and controllable. There are no significant coexisting contradictory foces within me.

B  I’ll always belong to my parents and believe in their world

C  There is no evil or death in the world. The sinister has been destroyed

D  Rewards will come automatically if we do what were supposed to do

A  Destruction/creation

B  Physical growth/decline

C  masculine/feminine

D  Attachment/separateness

A  Anticoping

B  Psychological removal

C  Regressive behavior

D  Null coping

A  Age, gender, and birth order of the child

B  Parental hostility in combination with restrictiveness

C  Cultural differences in gender role and parenting

D  Inconsistency in parental behavior

A  Social avoidance and withdrawal

B  Identity ambivalence

C  Insensitivity toward the future

D  Fear of rejection