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Exam 4 Chapter 13 and 14

Navigation   » List of Schools  »  East Los Angeles College  »  Physiology  »  Physiology 001 – Introduction to Human Physiology  »  Summer 2021  »  Exam 4 Chapter 13 and 14

Need help with your exam preparation?

Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:

Question #1
A  None of these, flow rate is unchanged during an asthma attack.
B  R is decreased.
C  R is increased.
D  ΔP is decreased.
E  ΔP is increased.
Question #2
A  Water is filtered out of glomerular capillaries by bulk flow.
B  Vasopressin inserts pumps in the collecting duct membrane that move water against its concentration gradient.
C  The permeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is modified by vasopressin.
D  Water is actively secreted into the descending loop of Henle.
E  Water is actively reabsorbed from the proximal tubule, and Na+ follows down its diffusion gradient.
Question #3
A  Sodium
B  Glucose
C  Plasma protein
D  Bicarbonate ion
E  Urea
Question #4
A  Alveolar PO2 decreases.
B  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.
C  Alveolar PO2 increases.
Question #6
A  Exposure to high altitude is a form of hypoxic hypoxia.
B  “Anemic hypoxia” refers to the condition of lower than normal arterial PO2.
C  Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of ischemic hypoxia.
D  Cyanide poisoning is an example of hypoxic hypoxia.
E  Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of hypoxic hypoxia.
Question #7
A  Increased [H+], increased PCO2, and increased [HCO3-]
B  Increased [H+], decreased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
C  Increased [H+], increased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
D  Decreased [H+], decreased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
E  Decreased [H+], increased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
Question #8
A  H+ that binds to filtered bicarbonate in the tubular fluid is excreted in the urine.
B  The kidneys compensate for a metabolic alkalosis by increasing CO2 production.
C  Excretion in the urine of hydrogen bound to phosphate buffers decreases plasma bicarbonate concentration.
D  When hypoventilation occurs at the lungs, the kidneys compensate by reducing glutamine metabolism.
E  Increased metabolism of glutamine by renal tubular cells increases the plasma bicarbonate concentration.
Question #10
A  In the tissues, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.
B  In the tissues, chloride exits red blood cells in exchange for carbonic acid.
C  In the tissues, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
D  In the lungs, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.
E  In the lungs, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
Question #11
A  Increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation and increasing secretion of parathyroid hormone
B  By increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, increasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
C  By decreasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, increasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
D  By increasing renal secretion of parathyroid hormone and increasing bone resorption
E  By increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, decreasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
Question #12
A  They would be more likely to have coughing fits.
B  They would be at risk of bacterial infections in the lungs.
C  None of these would occur.
D  They would be at risk of alveolar collapse due to too much surface tension in the alveoli.
E  They would be at risk of autoimmune diseases with lung complications.
Question #14
A  Lack of pulmonary surfactant
B  Environmental chemicals that stimulate β2-adrenergic receptors
C  Inflammation of the bronchioles
D  Loss of alveoli
E  Elevation of intrapleural pressure to equal atmospheric pressure
Question #15
A  It is between +5 and +10 mmHg above atmospheric pressure at functional residual capacity.
B  It is lower than alveolar pressure.
C  It alternates between being less than, and greater than, atmospheric pressure.
D  During a passive exhale, it increases to a value above atmospheric pressure.
E  It is always the same as atmospheric pressure during a passive exhale.
Question #16
A  The diaphragm relaxes.
B  Lung volume decreases.
C  Intrapleural pressure becomes less negative.
D    
E  Intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure.
F  Alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
Question #17
A  Converted to HCO3-
B  Dissolved in the plasma
C  Bound to hemoglobin
D  Bound to myoglobin
E  Dissolved in the cytosol of erythrocytes
Question #18
A  The hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries opposes filtration.
B  The glomerular filtration rate is limited by a transport maximum.
C  All of the plasma that enters the glomerular capillaries is filtered.
D  The osmotic force due to plasma proteins favors filtration.
E  The hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space opposes filtration.
Question #19
A  Distal convoluted tubule
B  Glomerulus
C  Ascending loop of Henle
D  Collecting duct
E  Proximal convoluted tubule
Question #20
A  The distal convoluted tubule
B  The proximal tubule
C  The descending limb of the loop of Henle
D  The collecting ducts
E  The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Question #21
A  isosmotic; isosmotic; hyperosmotic; isosmotic
B  isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hyperosmotic
C  isosmotic; isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hypoosmotic
D  isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hyperosmotic; isosmotic
E  isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hypoosmotic
Question #22
A  increase; decreased; vasopressin; decreased; water
B  decrease; increased; vasopressin; increased; water
C  decrease; increased; renin; decreased; Na+
D  decrease; decreased; vasopressin; increased; water
E  increase; increased; renin; increased; Na+
Question #23
A  Afferent arterioles
B  Efferent arterioles
C  Vasa recta
D  Cortical peritubular capillaries
E  Collecting ducts
Question #24
A  Systemic and pulmonary blood vessels
B  Kidneys
C  The atria of the heart
D  Adrenal glands
E  Liver
Question #25
A  Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
B  Asthma
C  Cystic fibrosis
D  Emphysema
E  Prolonged shallow breathing
Question #26
A  Reduced reabsorption of water, although as much reabsorption of Na+ as is typical
B  Reduced reabsorption of all materials in the proximal tubules
C  No change to reabsorption at this site
D  Reduced reabsorption of both water and Na+ in equal proportions
E  Reduced reabsorption of water, Na+, and glucose in the proximal tubules
Question #27
A  Increased temperature of the blood
B  Increased pH of the blood
C  Decreased DPG levels in erythrocytes
D  The presence of carbon monoxide
E  Decreased concentration of H+ in the blood
Question #28
A  The filtered load of glucose becomes greater than the tubular maximum for its reabsorption.
B  The rate of tubular secretion of glucose becomes greater than the sum of glucose filtration and reabsorption.
C  Without the hormone insulin, glucose cannot enter proximal tubule epithelial cells.
D  The plasma concentration of glucose becomes so high that it diffuses from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule, down its concentration gradient.
E  Without insulin, the glomerular filtration barrier becomes extremely leaky to glucose, which is not normally filterable.
Question #29
A  Secretion of angiotensinogen by the liver
B  Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the blood
C  Secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary
D  Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in the blood
E  Secretion of angiotensin II by the kidney
Question #30
A  Secretion of mucus
B  Production of surfactant
C  Make up the majority of the epithelial wall of the alveoli
D  Lining the pleural space
E  Phagocytizing bacteria and other foreign particles
Question #32
A  The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the gastrocnemius compared to the biceps brachii.
B  The hemoglobin molecules may denature as they pass by the gastrocnemius.
C  The hemoglobin molecules will have the same affinity for oxygen at both locations.
D  The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the biceps brachii compared to the gastrocnemius.
Question #33
A  As dissolved CO2
B  Bound to hemoglobin
C  As dissolved HCO3-
D  As H2CO3
E  As carbonic anhydrase
Question #34
A  A drug that decreases liver production of angiotensinogen
B  A drug that decreases sympathetic stimulation of renal arterioles
C  A drug that is an agonist of atrial natriuretic factor
D  A drug that interferes with aldosterone synthesis
E  A drug that enhances the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme
Question #35
A  A collapsed lung
B  Emphysema
C  Pneumothorax
D  Exhalation/expiration
E  Inhalation/inspiration
Question #36
A  It triggers insertion of aquaporins into the apical membranes of collecting duct cells.
B  Its main function is to trigger the secretion of aldosterone.
C  It is a peptide hormone released from the adrenal gland.
D  It promotes the excretion of more water in the urine.
E  It stimulates the excretion of K+ in the urine.
Question #37
A  Macula densa
B  Descending limb of the loop of Henle
C  Proximal tubule
D  Distal convoluted tubule
E  Cortical collecting duct
Question #38
A  Aldosterone decreases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.
B  Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.
C  Aldosterone increases Na+ secretion and K+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
D  Aldosterone increases Na+ secretion and K+ reabsorption in the cortical collecting ducts.
E  Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the proximal tubule.
Question #39
A  At normal resting systemic venous PO2, only about 75% of the hemoglobin is in the form of deoxyhemoglobin.
B  More additional oxygen binds to hemoglobin when going from a PO2 of 60 to 100 mmHg, than is added when going from a PO2 of 40 to 60 mmHg.
C  The greater the PO2 of the blood, the greater the dissociation of O2 from hemoglobin.
D  At normal resting systemic arterial PO2, hemoglobin is almost 100% saturated with oxygen.
E  As PO2 increases, the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen increases linearly.
Question #40
A  efferent arterioles; proximal convoluted tubules
B  renal vein; peritubular capillaries
C  afferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries
D  efferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries
E  efferent arterioles; Bowman’s capsule
Question #42
A  Histamine
B  A β2-adrenergic agonist
C  A β2-adrenergic antagonist
D  A muscarinic agonist
E  Pulmonary surfactant
Question #43
A  secreted; reabsorbed; filtered
B  reabsorbed; filtered; secreted
C  filtered; reabsorbed; secreted
D  filtered; secreted; reabsorbed
E  reabsorbed; secreted; filtered
Question #44
A  It transports NaCl from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
B  By concentrating NaCl in the renal medullary interstitial fluid, it allows water to be reabsorbed from the collecting ducts when vasopressin is present.
C  When anti-diuretic hormone is present, it stimulates the pumping of NaCl from the medullary interstitial fluid and water follows, concentrating the urine.
D  It transports urea from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
E  By pumping NaCl and urea into the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, it raises the solute load, which turns into a concentrated urine once water is extracted from the collecting duct.
Question #45
A  The loop of Henle
B  The glomerulus
C  The collecting duct
D  The proximal convoluted tubule
E  The distal convoluted tubule
Question #46
A  the increase in plasma H+.
B  the autorhymthic cells in your diaphragm contracting.
C  the decrease in O2 available to the cells of the body.
D  the increase in pH has made your blood dangerously alkaline.
Question #47
A  The PO2 of the arterial blood, which is monitored by peripheral chemoreceptors
B  Stretch receptors in the lung
C  The PO2 of the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
D  The H+ concentration in the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
E  The H+ concentration in the brain extracellular fluid, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
Question #48
A  CO2 and O2
B  H+ and HCO3-
C  H2O and CO2
D  H2O and O2
E  H2O and CO
Question #49
A  Toxic substances are removed from the body by reabsorption from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule.
B  Reabsorption of Na+ only occurs from nephron regions that come after the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
C  Reabsorption of Na+ from the proximal tubule occurs as a result of water reabsorption.
D  Reabsorption of glucose saturates at a maximum transport rate.
E  Urea reabsorption cannot occur at any point along the nephron.
Question #50
A  Primary active transport of Na+ allows for secondary active transport of glucose and H+ in the proximal tubule.
B  Na+ is actively secreted into the nephron lumen by cells in the cortical collecting ducts.
C  Na+ is actively transported in all segments of the tubule.
D  Na+ is actively transported across the luminal membrane of proximal tubule cells in exchange for K+, by Na+/K+ ATPase pumps.
E  Most of the Na+ transport occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.