Navigation » List of Schools » East Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 001 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Summer 2021 » Exam 4 Chapter 13 and 14
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A R is decreased.
B ΔP is decreased.
C ΔP is increased.
D None of these, flow rate is unchanged during an asthma attack.
E R is increased.
Question #2
A Water is filtered out of glomerular capillaries by bulk flow.
B Water is actively reabsorbed from the proximal tubule, and Na+ follows down its diffusion gradient.
C The permeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is modified by vasopressin.
D Water is actively secreted into the descending loop of Henle.
E Vasopressin inserts pumps in the collecting duct membrane that move water against its concentration gradient.
Question #3
A Glucose
B Plasma protein
C Urea
D Bicarbonate ion
E Sodium
Question #4
A Alveolar PO2 increases.
B Alveolar PO2 decreases.
C No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.
Question #5
A Ca2+
B H+
C Glucose
D K+
E HPO42-
Question #6
A Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of hypoxic hypoxia.
B Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of ischemic hypoxia.
C Cyanide poisoning is an example of hypoxic hypoxia.
D “Anemic hypoxia” refers to the condition of lower than normal arterial PO2.
E Exposure to high altitude is a form of hypoxic hypoxia.
Question #7
A Decreased [H+], increased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
B Increased [H+], increased PCO2, and increased [HCO3-]
C Decreased [H+], decreased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
D Increased [H+], increased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
E Increased [H+], decreased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
Question #8
A Increased metabolism of glutamine by renal tubular cells increases the plasma bicarbonate concentration.
B H+ that binds to filtered bicarbonate in the tubular fluid is excreted in the urine.
C The kidneys compensate for a metabolic alkalosis by increasing CO2 production.
D Excretion in the urine of hydrogen bound to phosphate buffers decreases plasma bicarbonate concentration.
E When hypoventilation occurs at the lungs, the kidneys compensate by reducing glutamine metabolism.
Question #9
A respiratory acidosis.
B respiratory alkalosis.
C metabolic alkalosis.
D metabolic acidosis.
Question #10
A In the tissues, chloride exits red blood cells in exchange for carbonic acid.
B In the tissues, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
C In the tissues, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.
D In the lungs, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
E In the lungs, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.
Question #11
A By increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, increasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
B Increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation and increasing secretion of parathyroid hormone
C By decreasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, increasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
D By increasing renal secretion of parathyroid hormone and increasing bone resorption
E By increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, decreasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
Question #12
A None of these would occur.
B They would be at risk of alveolar collapse due to too much surface tension in the alveoli.
C They would be more likely to have coughing fits.
D They would be at risk of autoimmune diseases with lung complications.
E They would be at risk of bacterial infections in the lungs.
Question #13
A The juxtaglomerular apparatus
B The efferent arteriole
C The proximal tubule
D The glomerular capillaries
E The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Question #14
A Lack of pulmonary surfactant
B Elevation of intrapleural pressure to equal atmospheric pressure
C Loss of alveoli
D Inflammation of the bronchioles
E Environmental chemicals that stimulate β2-adrenergic receptors
Question #15
A It is lower than alveolar pressure.
B It alternates between being less than, and greater than, atmospheric pressure.
C It is between +5 and +10 mmHg above atmospheric pressure at functional residual capacity.
D During a passive exhale, it increases to a value above atmospheric pressure.
E It is always the same as atmospheric pressure during a passive exhale.
Question #16
A Intrapleural pressure becomes less negative.
B Intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure.
C Alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
D The diaphragm relaxes.
E Lung volume decreases.
F
Question #17
A Bound to hemoglobin
B Dissolved in the cytosol of erythrocytes
C Bound to myoglobin
D Dissolved in the plasma
E Converted to HCO3-
Question #18
A The hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries opposes filtration.
B The osmotic force due to plasma proteins favors filtration.
C The glomerular filtration rate is limited by a transport maximum.
D The hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space opposes filtration.
E All of the plasma that enters the glomerular capillaries is filtered.
Question #19
A Glomerulus
B Distal convoluted tubule
C Ascending loop of Henle
D Collecting duct
E Proximal convoluted tubule
Question #20
A The descending limb of the loop of Henle
B The distal convoluted tubule
C The proximal tubule
D The collecting ducts
E The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Question #21
A isosmotic; isosmotic; hyperosmotic; isosmotic
B isosmotic; isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hypoosmotic
C isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hyperosmotic; isosmotic
D isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hypoosmotic
E isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hyperosmotic
Question #22
A decrease; decreased; vasopressin; increased; water
B decrease; increased; vasopressin; increased; water
C decrease; increased; renin; decreased; Na+
D increase; increased; renin; increased; Na+
E increase; decreased; vasopressin; decreased; water
Question #23
A Cortical peritubular capillaries
B Afferent arterioles
C Collecting ducts
D Vasa recta
E Efferent arterioles
Question #24
A The atria of the heart
B Systemic and pulmonary blood vessels
C Liver
D Adrenal glands
E Kidneys
Question #25
A Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
B Asthma
C Cystic fibrosis
D Prolonged shallow breathing
E Emphysema
Question #26
A Reduced reabsorption of both water and Na+ in equal proportions
B Reduced reabsorption of all materials in the proximal tubules
C Reduced reabsorption of water, although as much reabsorption of Na+ as is typical
D No change to reabsorption at this site
E Reduced reabsorption of water, Na+, and glucose in the proximal tubules
Question #27
A Increased temperature of the blood
B The presence of carbon monoxide
C Decreased concentration of H+ in the blood
D Increased pH of the blood
E Decreased DPG levels in erythrocytes
Question #28
A The filtered load of glucose becomes greater than the tubular maximum for its reabsorption.
B The plasma concentration of glucose becomes so high that it diffuses from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule, down its concentration gradient.
C The rate of tubular secretion of glucose becomes greater than the sum of glucose filtration and reabsorption.
D Without the hormone insulin, glucose cannot enter proximal tubule epithelial cells.
E Without insulin, the glomerular filtration barrier becomes extremely leaky to glucose, which is not normally filterable.
Question #29
A Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in the blood
B Secretion of angiotensin II by the kidney
C Secretion of angiotensinogen by the liver
D Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the blood
E Secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary
Question #30
A Secretion of mucus
B Phagocytizing bacteria and other foreign particles
C Make up the majority of the epithelial wall of the alveoli
D Lining the pleural space
E Production of surfactant
Question #31
A Increased blood PCO2
B Respiratory alkalosis
C Respiratory acidosis
D Metabolic acidosis
E Metabolic alkalosis
Question #32
A The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the gastrocnemius compared to the biceps brachii.
B The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the biceps brachii compared to the gastrocnemius.
C The hemoglobin molecules may denature as they pass by the gastrocnemius.
D The hemoglobin molecules will have the same affinity for oxygen at both locations.
Question #33
A As dissolved HCO3-
B Bound to hemoglobin
C As carbonic anhydrase
D As dissolved CO2
E As H2CO3
Question #34
A A drug that decreases sympathetic stimulation of renal arterioles
B A drug that enhances the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme
C A drug that decreases liver production of angiotensinogen
D A drug that is an agonist of atrial natriuretic factor
E A drug that interferes with aldosterone synthesis
Question #35
A Emphysema
B Pneumothorax
C Exhalation/expiration
D Inhalation/inspiration
E A collapsed lung
Question #36
A It is a peptide hormone released from the adrenal gland.
B It triggers insertion of aquaporins into the apical membranes of collecting duct cells.
C It stimulates the excretion of K+ in the urine.
D Its main function is to trigger the secretion of aldosterone.
E It promotes the excretion of more water in the urine.
Question #37
A Cortical collecting duct
B Distal convoluted tubule
C Macula densa
D Descending limb of the loop of Henle
E Proximal tubule
Question #38
A Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the proximal tubule.
B Aldosterone increases Na+ secretion and K+ reabsorption in the cortical collecting ducts.
C Aldosterone increases Na+ secretion and K+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
D Aldosterone decreases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.
E Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.
Question #39
A As PO2 increases, the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen increases linearly.
B At normal resting systemic arterial PO2, hemoglobin is almost 100% saturated with oxygen.
C The greater the PO2 of the blood, the greater the dissociation of O2 from hemoglobin.
D At normal resting systemic venous PO2, only about 75% of the hemoglobin is in the form of deoxyhemoglobin.
E More additional oxygen binds to hemoglobin when going from a PO2 of 60 to 100 mmHg, than is added when going from a PO2 of 40 to 60 mmHg.
Question #40
A efferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries
B efferent arterioles; proximal convoluted tubules
C efferent arterioles; Bowman’s capsule
D afferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries
E renal vein; peritubular capillaries
Question #41
A HPO42-
B Water
C Glucose
D K+
E Na+
Question #42
A Histamine
B A β2-adrenergic agonist
C A muscarinic agonist
D A β2-adrenergic antagonist
E Pulmonary surfactant
Question #43
A filtered; secreted; reabsorbed
B filtered; reabsorbed; secreted
C secreted; reabsorbed; filtered
D reabsorbed; filtered; secreted
E reabsorbed; secreted; filtered
Question #44
A By pumping NaCl and urea into the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, it raises the solute load, which turns into a concentrated urine once water is extracted from the collecting duct.
B It transports urea from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
C It transports NaCl from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
D When anti-diuretic hormone is present, it stimulates the pumping of NaCl from the medullary interstitial fluid and water follows, concentrating the urine.
E By concentrating NaCl in the renal medullary interstitial fluid, it allows water to be reabsorbed from the collecting ducts when vasopressin is present.
Question #45
A The proximal convoluted tubule
B The distal convoluted tubule
C The glomerulus
D The collecting duct
E The loop of Henle
Question #46
A the decrease in O2 available to the cells of the body.
B the increase in pH has made your blood dangerously alkaline.
C the increase in plasma H+.
D the autorhymthic cells in your diaphragm contracting.
Question #47
A Stretch receptors in the lung
B The H+ concentration in the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
C The PO2 of the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
D The PO2 of the arterial blood, which is monitored by peripheral chemoreceptors
E The H+ concentration in the brain extracellular fluid, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
Question #48
A H2O and CO2
B H+ and HCO3-
C CO2 and O2
D H2O and CO
E H2O and O2
Question #49
A Urea reabsorption cannot occur at any point along the nephron.
B Reabsorption of Na+ from the proximal tubule occurs as a result of water reabsorption.
C Reabsorption of Na+ only occurs from nephron regions that come after the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
D Toxic substances are removed from the body by reabsorption from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule.
E Reabsorption of glucose saturates at a maximum transport rate.
Question #50
A Most of the Na+ transport occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.
B Na+ is actively transported in all segments of the tubule.
C Primary active transport of Na+ allows for secondary active transport of glucose and H+ in the proximal tubule.
D Na+ is actively transported across the luminal membrane of proximal tubule cells in exchange for K+, by Na+/K+ ATPase pumps.
E Na+ is actively secreted into the nephron lumen by cells in the cortical collecting ducts.