Navigation » List of Schools » East Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 001 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Summer 2021 » Exam 4 Chapter 13 and 14
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A ΔP is increased.
B R is increased.
C R is decreased.
D ΔP is decreased.
E None of these, flow rate is unchanged during an asthma attack.
Question #2
A Water is actively secreted into the descending loop of Henle.
B The permeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is modified by vasopressin.
C Water is filtered out of glomerular capillaries by bulk flow.
D Vasopressin inserts pumps in the collecting duct membrane that move water against its concentration gradient.
E Water is actively reabsorbed from the proximal tubule, and Na+ follows down its diffusion gradient.
Question #3
A Plasma protein
B Urea
C Glucose
D Sodium
E Bicarbonate ion
Question #4
A Alveolar PO2 increases.
B Alveolar PO2 decreases.
C No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.
Question #5
A HPO42-
B Glucose
C H+
D Ca2+
E K+
Question #6
A Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of ischemic hypoxia.
B Cyanide poisoning is an example of hypoxic hypoxia.
C Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of hypoxic hypoxia.
D “Anemic hypoxia” refers to the condition of lower than normal arterial PO2.
E Exposure to high altitude is a form of hypoxic hypoxia.
Question #7
A Decreased [H+], decreased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
B Increased [H+], increased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
C Increased [H+], decreased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
D Increased [H+], increased PCO2, and increased [HCO3-]
E Decreased [H+], increased PCO2, and decreased [HCO3-]
Question #8
A Increased metabolism of glutamine by renal tubular cells increases the plasma bicarbonate concentration.
B The kidneys compensate for a metabolic alkalosis by increasing CO2 production.
C When hypoventilation occurs at the lungs, the kidneys compensate by reducing glutamine metabolism.
D Excretion in the urine of hydrogen bound to phosphate buffers decreases plasma bicarbonate concentration.
E H+ that binds to filtered bicarbonate in the tubular fluid is excreted in the urine.
Question #9
A metabolic acidosis.
B respiratory acidosis.
C metabolic alkalosis.
D respiratory alkalosis.
Question #10
A In the lungs, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.
B In the tissues, chloride exits red blood cells in exchange for carbonic acid.
C In the tissues, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
D In the lungs, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for bicarbonate ions.
E In the tissues, chloride enters red blood cells in exchange for CO2.
Question #11
A By increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, decreasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
B By decreasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, increasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
C Increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation and increasing secretion of parathyroid hormone
D By increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation, increasing tubular phosphate reabsorption, and increasing tubular Ca2+ reabsorption
E By increasing renal secretion of parathyroid hormone and increasing bone resorption
Question #12
A They would be at risk of autoimmune diseases with lung complications.
B They would be at risk of alveolar collapse due to too much surface tension in the alveoli.
C They would be at risk of bacterial infections in the lungs.
D None of these would occur.
E They would be more likely to have coughing fits.
Question #13
A The juxtaglomerular apparatus
B The glomerular capillaries
C The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
D The efferent arteriole
E The proximal tubule
Question #14
A Lack of pulmonary surfactant
B Loss of alveoli
C Environmental chemicals that stimulate β2-adrenergic receptors
D Elevation of intrapleural pressure to equal atmospheric pressure
E Inflammation of the bronchioles
Question #15
A During a passive exhale, it increases to a value above atmospheric pressure.
B It alternates between being less than, and greater than, atmospheric pressure.
C It is always the same as atmospheric pressure during a passive exhale.
D It is lower than alveolar pressure.
E It is between +5 and +10 mmHg above atmospheric pressure at functional residual capacity.
Question #16
A Intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure.
B
C The diaphragm relaxes.
D Alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
E Lung volume decreases.
F Intrapleural pressure becomes less negative.
Question #17
A Dissolved in the cytosol of erythrocytes
B Dissolved in the plasma
C Bound to hemoglobin
D Converted to HCO3-
E Bound to myoglobin
Question #18
A All of the plasma that enters the glomerular capillaries is filtered.
B The osmotic force due to plasma proteins favors filtration.
C The hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space opposes filtration.
D The hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries opposes filtration.
E The glomerular filtration rate is limited by a transport maximum.
Question #19
A Distal convoluted tubule
B Glomerulus
C Collecting duct
D Proximal convoluted tubule
E Ascending loop of Henle
Question #20
A The collecting ducts
B The descending limb of the loop of Henle
C The ascending limb of the loop of Henle
D The proximal tubule
E The distal convoluted tubule
Question #21
A isosmotic; isosmotic; hyperosmotic; isosmotic
B isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hyperosmotic
C isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hypoosmotic
D isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hyperosmotic; isosmotic
E isosmotic; isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hypoosmotic
Question #22
A increase; increased; renin; increased; Na+
B decrease; increased; vasopressin; increased; water
C decrease; increased; renin; decreased; Na+
D increase; decreased; vasopressin; decreased; water
E decrease; decreased; vasopressin; increased; water
Question #23
A Cortical peritubular capillaries
B Afferent arterioles
C Vasa recta
D Efferent arterioles
E Collecting ducts
Question #24
A Systemic and pulmonary blood vessels
B Adrenal glands
C The atria of the heart
D Liver
E Kidneys
Question #25
A Emphysema
B Cystic fibrosis
C Asthma
D Prolonged shallow breathing
E Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
Question #26
A Reduced reabsorption of all materials in the proximal tubules
B No change to reabsorption at this site
C Reduced reabsorption of water, Na+, and glucose in the proximal tubules
D Reduced reabsorption of water, although as much reabsorption of Na+ as is typical
E Reduced reabsorption of both water and Na+ in equal proportions
Question #27
A The presence of carbon monoxide
B Decreased concentration of H+ in the blood
C Increased temperature of the blood
D Increased pH of the blood
E Decreased DPG levels in erythrocytes
Question #28
A Without insulin, the glomerular filtration barrier becomes extremely leaky to glucose, which is not normally filterable.
B The plasma concentration of glucose becomes so high that it diffuses from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule, down its concentration gradient.
C The rate of tubular secretion of glucose becomes greater than the sum of glucose filtration and reabsorption.
D The filtered load of glucose becomes greater than the tubular maximum for its reabsorption.
E Without the hormone insulin, glucose cannot enter proximal tubule epithelial cells.
Question #29
A Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in the blood
B Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the blood
C Secretion of angiotensin II by the kidney
D Secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary
E Secretion of angiotensinogen by the liver
Question #30
A Phagocytizing bacteria and other foreign particles
B Make up the majority of the epithelial wall of the alveoli
C Secretion of mucus
D Lining the pleural space
E Production of surfactant
Question #31
A Respiratory acidosis
B Respiratory alkalosis
C Increased blood PCO2
D Metabolic acidosis
E Metabolic alkalosis
Question #32
A The hemoglobin molecules will have the same affinity for oxygen at both locations.
B The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the biceps brachii compared to the gastrocnemius.
C The hemoglobin molecules may denature as they pass by the gastrocnemius.
D The hemoglobin molecules will have a higher affinity for oxygen as they pass by the gastrocnemius compared to the biceps brachii.
Question #33
A As H2CO3
B As dissolved HCO3-
C Bound to hemoglobin
D As dissolved CO2
E As carbonic anhydrase
Question #34
A A drug that is an agonist of atrial natriuretic factor
B A drug that decreases sympathetic stimulation of renal arterioles
C A drug that interferes with aldosterone synthesis
D A drug that enhances the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme
E A drug that decreases liver production of angiotensinogen
Question #35
A A collapsed lung
B Emphysema
C Inhalation/inspiration
D Exhalation/expiration
E Pneumothorax
Question #36
A It is a peptide hormone released from the adrenal gland.
B It stimulates the excretion of K+ in the urine.
C Its main function is to trigger the secretion of aldosterone.
D It triggers insertion of aquaporins into the apical membranes of collecting duct cells.
E It promotes the excretion of more water in the urine.
Question #37
A Descending limb of the loop of Henle
B Macula densa
C Cortical collecting duct
D Distal convoluted tubule
E Proximal tubule
Question #38
A Aldosterone decreases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.
B Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the proximal tubule.
C Aldosterone increases Na+ secretion and K+ reabsorption in the cortical collecting ducts.
D Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.
E Aldosterone increases Na+ secretion and K+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
Question #39
A At normal resting systemic venous PO2, only about 75% of the hemoglobin is in the form of deoxyhemoglobin.
B As PO2 increases, the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen increases linearly.
C The greater the PO2 of the blood, the greater the dissociation of O2 from hemoglobin.
D More additional oxygen binds to hemoglobin when going from a PO2 of 60 to 100 mmHg, than is added when going from a PO2 of 40 to 60 mmHg.
E At normal resting systemic arterial PO2, hemoglobin is almost 100% saturated with oxygen.
Question #40
A renal vein; peritubular capillaries
B afferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries
C efferent arterioles; glomerular capillaries
D efferent arterioles; Bowman’s capsule
E efferent arterioles; proximal convoluted tubules
Question #41
A Glucose
B K+
C Water
D HPO42-
E Na+
Question #42
A A β2-adrenergic antagonist
B A muscarinic agonist
C Histamine
D Pulmonary surfactant
E A β2-adrenergic agonist
Question #43
A reabsorbed; secreted; filtered
B secreted; reabsorbed; filtered
C reabsorbed; filtered; secreted
D filtered; reabsorbed; secreted
E filtered; secreted; reabsorbed
Question #44
A It transports urea from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
B By concentrating NaCl in the renal medullary interstitial fluid, it allows water to be reabsorbed from the collecting ducts when vasopressin is present.
C By pumping NaCl and urea into the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, it raises the solute load, which turns into a concentrated urine once water is extracted from the collecting duct.
D When anti-diuretic hormone is present, it stimulates the pumping of NaCl from the medullary interstitial fluid and water follows, concentrating the urine.
E It transports NaCl from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct, which directly increases the osmolarity of the urine.
Question #45
A The glomerulus
B The proximal convoluted tubule
C The loop of Henle
D The collecting duct
E The distal convoluted tubule
Question #46
A the autorhymthic cells in your diaphragm contracting.
B the decrease in O2 available to the cells of the body.
C the increase in pH has made your blood dangerously alkaline.
D the increase in plasma H+.
Question #47
A The H+ concentration in the brain extracellular fluid, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
B The PO2 of the arterial blood, which is monitored by peripheral chemoreceptors
C The PO2 of the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
D Stretch receptors in the lung
E The H+ concentration in the arterial blood, which is monitored by central chemoreceptors
Question #48
A H2O and CO2
B H2O and CO
C CO2 and O2
D H+ and HCO3-
E H2O and O2
Question #49
A Reabsorption of Na+ from the proximal tubule occurs as a result of water reabsorption.
B Toxic substances are removed from the body by reabsorption from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule.
C Reabsorption of Na+ only occurs from nephron regions that come after the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
D Reabsorption of glucose saturates at a maximum transport rate.
E Urea reabsorption cannot occur at any point along the nephron.
Question #50
A Na+ is actively transported across the luminal membrane of proximal tubule cells in exchange for K+, by Na+/K+ ATPase pumps.
B Na+ is actively secreted into the nephron lumen by cells in the cortical collecting ducts.
C Most of the Na+ transport occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.
D Na+ is actively transported in all segments of the tubule.
E Primary active transport of Na+ allows for secondary active transport of glucose and H+ in the proximal tubule.