Exam 2 Chapters 7 – 11

A  Had a positive effect in corrections

B  Lost their jobs

C  Provided inaccurate information, to the detriment of the organization

D  Resigned before losing their positions

A  The media construction of crime will define what are thought to be the causes of crime

B  The media construction of crime will define what acts are regarded as criminal

C  The media construction of crime will reduce the seriousness of the crime

D  The media construction of crime will identify what policies of crime control should be adopted

A  Additional treatment and re-entry programs

B  A decrease in treatment programs

C  Increase in recidivism

D  The imposition of additional behavioral controls

A  When a journalist makes an attempt in hard news to persuade using emotional rhetoric rather than fact

B  When a journalist relies on an unsubstantiated argument without noting its weaknesses to produce a desired conclusion

C  Any intentional and successful influence of a person by noncoercively altering the actual choices available to the person or by non-persuasively altering the perceptions by others of those choices.

D  Using persuasive interviewing techniques to influence others to disclose material they would normally not disclose

A  Accepting gratuities to protect illicit activity

B  Theft of new televisions from the prison loading dock

C  Soliciting a fee from an inmate for finding him a job

D  Extortion through mistreatment or harassment

A  Assist inmates in getting rehabilitated

B  Always support fellow officers against inmate claims/allegations

C  Do not lug (smuggle) drugs in to inmates

D  Do not rat (inform on other guards)

A  Prisons have cultures where guards are corrupted and prisoners are denied their humanity

B  A humane correctional system is impossible given the dominant theory and practice of retribution

C  Guards are increasingly using more excessive force

D  Officer training emphasizes emotional detachment and degrading treatment

A  Victims who are perpetrated against by a stranger are considered more newsworthy than a victim who knows the perpetrator

B  Rape is the most likely crime to be reported

C  Homicides are considered more newsworthy when the victim is white

D  Crimes against children are considered more newsworthy than crimes against the adults

A  All of the other answers

B  Targeted killing calls into question the morality of U.S. foreign policy, which stresses human rights and democracy.

C  Assassination is an immoral act and a form of politically motivated murder outside the bounds of the conventions of war and morality.

D  Assassination violates U.S. values and principles because it is done in secret and is a display of the exercise of overbearing state power against individuals.

A  It permits the employment of warlike measures concurrently with law enforcement measures

B  All of the other answers

C  It enables the executive branch of government to exercise wide powers under the authority of the president as commander-in-chief

D  It gives the executive the leverage to demand almost any resources in the furtherance of winning the war

A  Australia

B  Canada

C  United Kingdom

D  United States

A  Sympathetic

B  Retributive

C  Empathetic

D  Callous

A  An irrational and exaggerated response by the public to a perceived problem

B  When an individual legislator or policy maker over-reacts to a problem

C  A public over-reaction caused by outdated public morals

D  When a small group of legislators panic and force through unethical legislation

A  The prosecution process

B  A criminal conviction

C  The court

D  A life sentence

A  Compliance

B  Rewards

C  Legalistic

D  Personal

A  Do no harm

B  Moral blame

C  Morality

D  Reasonable standard of care

A  Whites comprise almost 3/4 of illegal drug users and blacks 13%, a fact not usually incorporated in media accounts

B  Whites never have been engaged in drugs as much as blacks, a fact often reported in the media

C  The War on Drugs focused on heroin, a drug often used by blacks, a fact not usually in the media

D  Whites comprise almost 1/3 of illegal drug users and blacks almost 2/3, a fact often reported in the media

A  Restricting rights during criminal processing of terrorist defendants

B  Accidental killing of civilian non-terrorists

C  Invading foreign countries

D  Torture during interrogation

A  Devising and implementation of national standards to detect, prevent, reduce, and punish rape

B  Prioritization of the prevention of rape in each prison system

C  Setting a zero-tolerance standard for prison rape

D  Prisons who want to receive federal funding must eliminate prison rape by 85%

A  Supermax

B  Medium security

C  Maximum security

D  Minimum security

A  Reporting, on the visual media, pictures of victims

B  Focusing attention only on victims who meet that standard of victimhood

C  Focusing only on the very young and the very old victims

D  Reporting sympathetic stories of victims who have also been charged with crimes

A  The legal system is far more complex

B  Crime fighting is the complex part of the process

C  The legal system makes it easier to fight crime because prosecutors know how to talk with the media

D  Few accused actually go to trial and unexciting plea bargains are the norm

A  Empathy

B  Sympathy

C  Coercion

D  Violence

A  Drug crimes

B  Homicides

C  Kidnappings

D  Sex offenses

A  Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of property and drug crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

B  Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of violent crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

C  Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are positively correlated with polices favoring punitiveness

D  Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are negatively correlated with policies favoring punitiveness

A  It is a slippery slope, which could expand its use in other circumstances

B  It negates the autonomy and dignity of the individual

C  It is not a realistic scenario

D  It is not likely to happen as its proponents claim

A  The activities are morally permissible if they produce two effects, so long as one is morally permissible.

B  The activities are only morally impermissible if they produce two effects, both of which are morally impermissible

C  An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally impermissible

D  An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally permissible

A  Treatment

B  Rehabilitation

C  Punitiveness

D  Community-oriented corrections

A  Murderers

B  Sex offenders

C  Prostitutes

D  Drug offenders

A  There is widespread approval of them

B  While they approve of it, they do not believe it should be applied indiscriminately to specific offenders under specific circumstances

C  There is widespread approval of them

D  The public is evenly divided on them

A  Formal control

B  Social control

C  Governmental control

D  Informal control

A  Political grounds

B  Due process grounds

C  Ideological grounds

D  Cost-benefit grounds

A  Deontologists

B  Relativists

C  Consequentialists

D  Absolutists

A  Assistance to law enforcement to make an arrest

B  Advocacy for greater levels of social control

C  A warning to the public

D  A key profit maker for the media

A  Their treatment and control functions

B  Their heavy caseloads

C  Their control function

D  Their treatment function

A  Committed by government, sometimes against its own people.

B  Against a state in the United States.

C  By the military against a civilian government.

D  By one part of government against another part of the same government.

A  Do not reflect the will of the majority

B  Have no incapacitate effect

C  Are not applied to all offenders convicted under such statutes

D  Result in disproportionately severe sentences

A  The primary source of news

B  A responsible path for discussion of moral issues

C  A site for the construction of a moral order

D  A monopoly so that news is consistent

A  Sentencing guidelines

B  Work release programs to reduce jail and prison populations

C  Three-strikes laws

D  Treatment programs to reduce jail and prison populations

A  Using the media to report fictitious events so law enforcement can catch the real criminal

B  Using entertainment to reenact criminal events

C  The placement of crime stories on television late at night hoping a viewer will be able identify the offender

D  The marketing of edited, highly formatted information about the world in entertainment media vehicles

A  Kenny v. Indiana Youth Center

B  Reynolds v. Florida

C  United States v. Shallet

D  Graham v. Florida

A  Maintain power

B  Treat inmates ethically

C  Retain their discretion

D  Gain respect of inmates

A  Refrained from enforcing certain prison rules and regulations.

B  Begun directly disobeying orders from superiors.

C  Begun taking monetary bribes from prisoners.

D  Become members of prison gangs.

A  Vice

B  Violent

C  Debtors

D  Property

A  War paradigm

B  Terrorism paradigm

C  Enemy paradigm

D  Drone paradigm

A  Inmate

B  Judicial

C  Prosecutorial

D  Celebrity

A  Accepting the unavoidable consequences of our policies

B  Asking whether our policies will render citizens more secure in the long term

C  Asking whether there will be any consequences to our anti-terrorism policies

D  Not worrying about the consequences