Week 10 Step 4 Recall Noba Module 10 to 11

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Question #1

______refers to the early emerging differences in emotional reactions and self-control that are seen in children; even early in infancy.

A Goodness of fit

B Personality

C Temperament

D Attachment

E Socialization

Question #2

Gabriel likes to read and look at websites about the solar system. His father encourages him to go play sports, hoping that Gabriel will come to enjoy these activities. Which of the following best describe this scenario?

A Gabriel will ultimately convince his father to take up reading and science.

B Gabriel is going to parent his own children in the same manner.

C Gabriel will likely have a problematic relationship with his father later in life.

D Gabriel’s father will have a large impact on his long-term interests and abilities.

E Gabriel’s temperament and his father’s parenting practices are a poor goodness-of-fit.

Question #3

The cognitive, emotional, and social influences that cause children to create and act consistently with internal standards of conduct – right and wrong– is called ______.

A judgement

B compliance

C conformity

D conscience

E temperament

Question #4

The ______model describes how financial difficulties are associated with parents’ depressed moods, which can cause problems with their children’s adjustment.

A nature versus nurture

B family stress

C diathesis stress

D neo-associationist

E attachment deficit

Question #5

Adah and her mom are playing on the swing set at the park. A man walks up to them. When Adah sees her mother smile and speak warmly to the man, Adah relaxes. Adah has used ______to evaluate this individual.

A ambiguity contexting

B social referencing

C operant conditioning

D stranger danger

E cultural relativity

Question #6

Which of the following children is demonstrating a developing theory of mind?

A Kendrick is angry that his ball fell out of his crib and he begins to cry about it.

B Nahshid just got a hit in his little league baseball game – his very first hit – and he is proud of himself.

C Yasiin does not want to go to sleep and he argues that his older sister does not yet have to sleep.

D Talib remembers his favorite blanket even though he cannot see it.

E Pharrell is trying to figure out what his baby sister, Lilah, wants and why she is crying.

Question #7

13-year old Sevan’s parents are going through a divorce. They are not openly hostile to each other and are trying to handle this life change in a civil and pleasant manner. According to the research, which of the following is most likely for Sevan?

A She is going to experience both short- and long-term adjustment problems

B Because she is a girl, Sevan is likely to have a better relationship with her mother than her father

C She will not have long-term problems with her adjustment

D Because she is a girl, Sevan is likely to have a better relationship with her father than her mother

E Sevan can expect to have long-term relationship problems with men

Question #8

If people, on average, are more likely to remember female rather than male nurses this would be because:

A the nursing bias

B gender prejudices

C there are no male nurses

D females conform to common gender schemas of nurses

E the fundamental attribution error

Question #9

Which laboratory procedure, designed to assess attachment styles in children, involves exposing a child to separation from their caregiver followed by a reunification?

A the Asch judgement analogue

B the Visual Cliff

C the Milgram paradigm

D the Strange Situation

E the Bobo Doll experiment

Question #10

In order to understand social and personality development in children, it is necessary to examine them from three different perspectives. They are the child’s:

A the id, ego and super ego.

B genetics, emotions, behavior.

C psychoanalytic, humanistic and behavioral paradigms.

D behavior when alone, at school, and with family members.

E social context, biological maturation, and developing sense of self.

Question #11

Owen is writing a paper about how the attitudes, values, and beliefs of culture influence development in children. What would be the best title for his essay?

A “Child development according to Lev Vygotsky”

B “Examining Kohlberg’s theory of cultural relativity”

C “Piagetian stages of development, from birth through adulthood”

D “The psychosexual stages according to Sigmund Freud”

E “The information-processing approach to development”

Question #12

Davina has made great strides in her understanding of her science classes. Being able to reason more like an adult, Davina is in which of Piaget’s developmental stages?

A preconventional reasoning

B the DABDA stage

C the trust vs. mistrust stage

D formal operational reasoning

E the latency stage

Question #13

Armand is a child who has difficulties with his ______. His vision is impaired in such a way that he cannot tell how far away objects are. This has led to difficulties in certain sports.

A olfactory plasticity

B trichromacy

C gestalt perception

D depth perception

E auditory localization

Question #14

If you were taking part in a debate with another psychologist over the relative influences of nature and nurture on development, which position do you think you’d be most likely to take if you wanted to win the debate?

A Nature and nurture interact to determine virtually every aspect of development.

B Because it is impossible to determine the different levels of influence of nature and nurture, the debate was abandoned in psychology decades ago.

C Genes can, in every case, be muted or enhanced by the influences of one’s environment. Therefore nurture is most important.

D Research has consistently shown that we are ultimately determined by our genes, irrespective of influence of one’s surroundings.

E Both nature and nurture take a back seat to the influence of technology in today’s world, so that is really the influence we should examine.

Question #15

During which stage of Piaget’s model of cognitive development are children believed to begin to become more capable of symbolic thinking?

A the preoperational reasoning stage

B the formal operational reasoning stage

C the concrete operational reasoning stage

D the sensorimotor stage

E the postformal operational reasoning stage

Question #16

With regard to the validity of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which criticism would be the most accurate?

A Children do not master new cognitive skills nearly as early (young) as Piaget proposed.

B Piaget’s research was only appropriate for the cognitive development of girls.

C Piaget gave too much importance to cultural influences on cognitive development.

D Children’s cognitive development seems to be more continuous than Piaget proposed.

E Piaget’s comparison of the human mind to a computer was not supported by research.

Question #17

Nature refers to biological endowment, including the genes a person receives from his or her parents, while ______refers to the environmental influences that impact a person’s development.

A phenotype

B genotype

C growth

D nurture

E maturation

Question #18

The awareness of the component sounds that are used to make up a word–such as knowing that the word “rain” is made up of the r, ay, and nn sounds–is called ______.

A the linguistic relativity effect

B bilingualism

C whole-word processing

D phonemic awareness

E linguistic centration

Question #19

Amalia knows how to climb stairs but only when there are no other people around. Therefore, her physical therapist, Brittany, is teaching her to climb stairs in a crowded stairwell. First, Brittany works with Amalia to climb the stairs independently with visual distractions in the stairwell. Once she’s mastered that, Amalia works on climbing the stairs independently with one other person in the stairwell. Finally, Amalia practices climbing the stairs with many other people in the stairwell. Brittany is using which strategy to help Amalia reach her stair-climbing goal?

A sociocultural practice

B social knowledge construction

C zone of proximal development

D scaffolding

Question #20

According to the research of Langlois and colleagues (1995) and van den Boom & Hoeksma (1994), infants who are ______tend to get more affectionate care from their parents. This has been found to contribute to their later cognitive development.

A easygoing and attractive

B female

C smaller in size

D the result of an unintentional pregnancy

E born premature or ‘very premature’

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Week 10 Step 4 Recall Noba Module 10 to 11

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