Exam 2

A  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

B  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

C  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

D  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

A  violence against competitors for female access

B  risk-taking behavior

C  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

D  care of young

A  the development of alliances between females only

B  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

C  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

D  the development of males only

A  loris

B  colobus monkey

C  chimpanzee

D  gorilla

A  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

B  bipedality in humans

C  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

D  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

A  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

B  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

C  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

D  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

A  tooth/dental comb

B  two-ridge tooth

C  bilophodont

D  diastema

A  present in catarrhine primates

B  present only in some platyrrhines

C  are made strictly of muscle

D  are found in all primates with tails

A  lemurs and lorises

B  African and Asian apes

C  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

D  monkeys, apes and humans

A  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

B  their color vision

C  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

D  all of the above

A  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

B  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

C  give birth to twins regularly

D  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

A  short digits

B  opposable thumbs

C  large body build

D  increased reliance of sense of smell

A  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

B  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

C  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

D  a species of hylobatid from Asia

A  baboons

B  tamarins

C  lemurs

D  gibbons

A  platyrrhine and catarrhine

B  pongidae and hominidae

C  tarsiers and anthropoids

D  strepsirhini and haplorhini

A  Australia

B  South America

C  Africa

D  Europe

A  severe air pollution

B  a lack of melanin

C  high UV exposure

D  a lack of vitamin D

A  rickets

B  hypothermia

C  hypoxia

D  skin cancer

A  short limbs and large bodies

B  consume more carbohydrates

C  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

D  have lower BMR

A  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

B  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

C  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

D  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

A  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

B  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

C  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

D  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

A  acclimatization at the individual level

B  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

C  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

D  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

A  osteoporosis

B  senescence

C  Wolff’s Law

D  adult stage

A  drugs, alcohol and smoking

B  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

C  heavy exercise like running and swimming

D  lack of exercise

A  help with biological profiling

B  do not exist in humans

C  are race specific

D  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

A  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

B  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

C  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

D  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

A  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

B  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

C  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

D  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

B  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

C  affects only males

D  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

A  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

B  the condition affects billions of people today

C  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

D  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

A  founder effect

B  a small and relatively isolated population

C  genetic drift

D  all of these

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  emigration of West African peoples 

B  increasing global temperatures

C  increasing UVb radiation

D  the continued presence of malaria

A  AAS

B  AS

C  SS

D  AA

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Inheritance of population over generations

B  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift