Exam 2

A  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

B  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

C  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

D  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

A  violence against competitors for female access

B  risk-taking behavior

C  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

D  care of young

A  the development of alliances between females only

B  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

C  the development of males only

D  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

A  chimpanzee

B  loris

C  gorilla

D  colobus monkey

A  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

B  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

C  bipedality in humans

D  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

A  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

B  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

C  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

D  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

A  bilophodont

B  two-ridge tooth

C  tooth/dental comb

D  diastema

A  are made strictly of muscle

B  are found in all primates with tails

C  present only in some platyrrhines

D  present in catarrhine primates

A  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

B  monkeys, apes and humans

C  lemurs and lorises

D  African and Asian apes

A  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

B  their color vision

C  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

D  all of the above

A  give birth to twins regularly

B  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

C  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

D  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

A  large body build

B  opposable thumbs

C  increased reliance of sense of smell

D  short digits

A  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

B  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

C  a species of hylobatid from Asia

D  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

A  gibbons

B  tamarins

C  baboons

D  lemurs

A  pongidae and hominidae

B  tarsiers and anthropoids

C  strepsirhini and haplorhini

D  platyrrhine and catarrhine

A  Europe

B  Australia

C  South America

D  Africa

A  a lack of vitamin D

B  a lack of melanin

C  severe air pollution

D  high UV exposure

A  hypothermia

B  hypoxia

C  skin cancer

D  rickets

A  consume more carbohydrates

B  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

C  have lower BMR

D  short limbs and large bodies

A  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

B  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

C  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

D  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

A  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

B  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

C  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

D  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

A  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

B  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

C  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

D  acclimatization at the individual level

A  senescence

B  Wolff’s Law

C  adult stage

D  osteoporosis

A  heavy exercise like running and swimming

B  drugs, alcohol and smoking

C  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

D  lack of exercise

A  do not exist in humans

B  help with biological profiling

C  are race specific

D  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

A  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

B  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

C  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

D  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

A  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

B  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

C  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

D  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

B  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

C  affects only males

D  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

A  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

B  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

C  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

D  the condition affects billions of people today

A  founder effect

B  a small and relatively isolated population

C  all of these

D  genetic drift

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the continued presence of malaria

B  increasing UVb radiation

C  emigration of West African peoples 

D  increasing global temperatures

A  AS

B  AA

C  AAS

D  SS

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Inheritance of population over generations

B  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift