Exam 2

A  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

B  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

C  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

D  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

A  violence against competitors for female access

B  care of young

C  risk-taking behavior

D  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

A  the development of alliances between females only

B  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

C  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

D  the development of males only

A  colobus monkey

B  chimpanzee

C  loris

D  gorilla

A  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

B  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

C  bipedality in humans

D  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

A  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

B  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

C  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

D  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

A  bilophodont

B  tooth/dental comb

C  diastema

D  two-ridge tooth

A  present only in some platyrrhines

B  present in catarrhine primates

C  are made strictly of muscle

D  are found in all primates with tails

A  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

B  monkeys, apes and humans

C  African and Asian apes

D  lemurs and lorises

A  their color vision

B  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

C  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

D  all of the above

A  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

B  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

C  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

D  give birth to twins regularly

A  opposable thumbs

B  short digits

C  large body build

D  increased reliance of sense of smell

A  a species of hylobatid from Asia

B  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

C  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

D  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

A  tamarins

B  lemurs

C  baboons

D  gibbons

A  strepsirhini and haplorhini

B  pongidae and hominidae

C  tarsiers and anthropoids

D  platyrrhine and catarrhine

A  South America

B  Europe

C  Africa

D  Australia

A  severe air pollution

B  a lack of melanin

C  high UV exposure

D  a lack of vitamin D

A  hypothermia

B  skin cancer

C  rickets

D  hypoxia

A  short limbs and large bodies

B  have lower BMR

C  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

D  consume more carbohydrates

A  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

B  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

C  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

D  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

A  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

B  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

C  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

D  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

A  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

B  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

C  acclimatization at the individual level

D  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

A  senescence

B  osteoporosis

C  Wolff’s Law

D  adult stage

A  lack of exercise

B  heavy exercise like running and swimming

C  drugs, alcohol and smoking

D  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

A  are race specific

B  do not exist in humans

C  help with biological profiling

D  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

A  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

B  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

C  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

D  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

A  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

B  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

C  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

D  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

B  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

C  affects only males

D  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

A  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

B  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

C  the condition affects billions of people today

D  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

A  founder effect

B  genetic drift

C  all of these

D  a small and relatively isolated population

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  increasing global temperatures

B  increasing UVb radiation

C  the continued presence of malaria

D  emigration of West African peoples 

A  AA

B  SS

C  AAS

D  AS

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift

B  Inheritance of population over generations