Exam 2

A  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

B  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

C  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

D  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

A  care of young

B  violence against competitors for female access

C  risk-taking behavior

D  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

A  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

B  the development of males only

C  the development of alliances between females only

D  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

A  chimpanzee

B  gorilla

C  colobus monkey

D  loris

A  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

B  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

C  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

D  bipedality in humans

A  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

B  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

C  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

D  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

A  two-ridge tooth

B  tooth/dental comb

C  bilophodont

D  diastema

A  present only in some platyrrhines

B  are made strictly of muscle

C  present in catarrhine primates

D  are found in all primates with tails

A  monkeys, apes and humans

B  lemurs and lorises

C  African and Asian apes

D  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

A  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

B  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

C  their color vision

D  all of the above

A  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

B  give birth to twins regularly

C  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

D  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

A  opposable thumbs

B  short digits

C  increased reliance of sense of smell

D  large body build

A  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

B  a species of hylobatid from Asia

C  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

D  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

A  tamarins

B  baboons

C  lemurs

D  gibbons

A  strepsirhini and haplorhini

B  tarsiers and anthropoids

C  platyrrhine and catarrhine

D  pongidae and hominidae

A  South America

B  Europe

C  Australia

D  Africa

A  a lack of melanin

B  severe air pollution

C  high UV exposure

D  a lack of vitamin D

A  hypoxia

B  rickets

C  skin cancer

D  hypothermia

A  short limbs and large bodies

B  have lower BMR

C  consume more carbohydrates

D  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

A  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

B  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

C  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

D  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

A  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

B  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

C  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

D  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

A  acclimatization at the individual level

B  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

C  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

D  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

A  adult stage

B  Wolff’s Law

C  osteoporosis

D  senescence

A  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

B  drugs, alcohol and smoking

C  heavy exercise like running and swimming

D  lack of exercise

A  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

B  do not exist in humans

C  help with biological profiling

D  are race specific

A  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

B  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

C  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

D  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

A  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

B  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

C  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

D  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  affects only males

B  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

C  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

D  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

A  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

B  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

C  the condition affects billions of people today

D  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

A  founder effect

B  genetic drift

C  all of these

D  a small and relatively isolated population

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  emigration of West African peoples 

B  the continued presence of malaria

C  increasing global temperatures

D  increasing UVb radiation

A  AA

B  AS

C  AAS

D  SS

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Inheritance of population over generations

B  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift