Exam 2

A  one-male, multifemale; all-male; solitary

B  all-female; multimale, one female; solitary

C  one-male, multifemale; multimale, multifemale; solitary

D  one-female, multimale; one-male, multifemale; one-male, one-female

A  competition between males for access to reproductive-age females

B  violence against competitors for female access

C  risk-taking behavior

D  care of young

A  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance.

B  the development of males only

C  the development of alliances between females only

D  bonding between individuals of the same rank only and directed only toward hygiene

A  gorilla

B  loris

C  colobus monkey

D  chimpanzee

A  bipedality in humans

B  quadrupedal locomotion include the use of a tail

C  using the forelimbs to move from tree limb to tree limb

D  clinging and leaping locomotion in an arboreal environment

A  they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals

B  the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates

C  on average they are larger bodied than nonprimates

D  they take longer to develop to sexual maturity

A  two-ridge tooth

B  diastema

C  tooth/dental comb

D  bilophodont

A  present only in some platyrrhines

B  present in catarrhine primates

C  are made strictly of muscle

D  are found in all primates with tails

A  lemurs and lorises

B  monkeys, apes and humans

C  African and Asian apes

D  tarsiers, lemurs and monkeys

A  their color vision

B  their tendency toward nocturnal behavior

C  the fact that their eyes are rotated forward

D  all of the above

A  give birth to more offspring than do many other mammals

B  give birth to fewer offspring  than do many other mammals

C  give birth to twins regularly

D  invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals

A  opposable thumbs

B  short digits

C  large body build

D  increased reliance of sense of smell

A  a species of strepsirhini that retain a rhinarium found only in prosimian primates

B  a species of pongid, which frequently exhibits a moist fleshy pad at the end of the nose

C  a species of platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward

D  a species of hylobatid from Asia

A  tamarins

B  lemurs

C  baboons

D  gibbons

A  strepsirhini and haplorhini

B  platyrrhine and catarrhine

C  pongidae and hominidae

D  tarsiers and anthropoids

A  Africa

B  South America

C  Australia

D  Europe

A  severe air pollution

B  a lack of vitamin D

C  a lack of melanin

D  high UV exposure

A  hypoxia

B  rickets

C  skin cancer

D  hypothermia

A  short limbs and large bodies

B  consume more carbohydrates

C  have lower BMR

D  reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures

A  smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments

B  larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments

C  long limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments

D  taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

A  the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization

B  the association between body shape, morpology and the environment is not a result of natural selection

C  the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors

D  body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes

A  environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level

B  acclimatization at the individual level

C  inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations

D  developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages

A  osteoporosis

B  senescence

C  adult stage

D  Wolff’s Law

A  heavy exercise like running and swimming

B  drugs, alcohol and smoking

C  lack of exercise

D  a vegetarian diet of greens, fruits and dairy products

A  are race specific

B  do not exist in humans

C  do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications

D  help with biological profiling

A  research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations

B  through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of animals

C  through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics

D  research indicating that most genetic variation is found within human populations

A  no conclusive evidence regarding how farming began in Europe

B  minimal interbreeding between Middle Eastern and European hunter-gatherers and farming developing from their descendants in Europe

C  support for Childe’s demic diffusion model

D  agriculture was brought to Europe by Middle Eastern farmers

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  chromosomal mutation linked to an XX genotype

B  reduces fertility and increases breast development in affected individuals

C  affects only males

D  represented by chromosomal trisomy XXY

A  the identified gene associated with lactase production is found on chromosome 2 and appears to be selected for vs. against

B  the condition affects billions of people today

C  associated with an increase in production of lactase over time

D  associated with the inability to break down and process lactose in foods

A  genetic drift

B  founder effect

C  a small and relatively isolated population

D  all of these

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  the continued presence of malaria

B  emigration of West African peoples 

C  increasing global temperatures

D  increasing UVb radiation

A  SS

B  AAS

C  AA

D  AS

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  No gene flow, no mutation, no genetic drift

B  Inheritance of population over generations