Microbial Nutrition and Growth 1

A  the low temperature where microbes stop multiplying and the high temperature where they stop multiplying

B  the low temperature where microbes stop multiplying and the high temperature where they physically die

C  the low temperature where they physically die and the high temperature where they stop multiplying

D  the low temperature where microbes physically die and the high temperature where they physically die

A  oxygen

B  pH

C  temperature

D  nutrients

A  can be as short as 12 hours

B  can be as short as 30 minutes

C  is remarkably stable, showing little change

D  increase over that seen in unfavourable conditions

A  Food frozen to 0°C

B  Food stored in a refrigerator

C  Food stored at 60°F

D  Chicken cooked to 170°F

A  Cells divide more rapidly as the temperature decreases below the optimum.

B  Cells survive but do not divide at temperatures below the minimum.

C  Cells begin to rapidly die at a temperature just below the optimum.

A  Cells begin to die at a temperature slightly above the maximum.

B  Cells survive but do not divide at temperatures above the maximum.

C  Cells gradually die as temperatures rise above the minimum.

D  Cells divide more rapidly as the temperature increases above the optimum.

A  alkalinophiles

B  acidophiles

C  neutrophiles

A  capnophiles

B  methanogens

C  aerobes

D  anaerobes

A  32

B  12

C  64

D  6

A  sexual reproduction

B  endospores

C  binary fission

D  budding

A  toxins produced by the microbe in the intestinal tract

B  the buildup of oxidative by-products such as O- in the food

C  growth of the microbe in the intestinal tract and intestinal lining

D  toxins produced by microbes as they grow in the food

A  grow best at an optimum temperature and a range above and below it

B  grow at different temperatures based on the availability of oxygen

C  can grow at a broad range of temperatures from -5°C to 80°C

D  grow at different temperatures based on the availability of nutrients

A  beneficia

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  neutral

D  harmful

A  several million

B  between 1.5 and 2 billion

C  several thousand

D  roughly 100,000

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  budding

B  sexual reproduction

C  fragmentation

D  binary fission

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Gyrase

B  DNA polymerase

C  Helicase

D  RNA polymerase

A  the hydrolysis of gyrase

B  the synthesis of G

C  the hydrolysis of ATP

D  the hydrolysis of GTP

A  ribosomes

B  All of the choices are correct.

C  septum

D  replicated DNA

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  replicate

B  transcribe

C  translate

D  hydrolyze

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  An automated cell-counting device that scans a culture as it passes through a tiny pipette

B  An automated cell-counting device that scans a culture as it passes through a tiny pipette

C  An automated cell-counting device that requires fluorescent labeling of cells that will be scanned and counted

A  This method uses a special slide (cytometer) and cells are counted by observing them through a microscope

B  An automated cell-counting device that scans a culture as it passes through a tiny pipette

C  A spectrophotometer is used to measure the light scattering properties of a bacterial culture. As the number of bacteria increase, more light is scattered and less is transmitted to the detector

A  This method uses a special slide (cytometer) and cells are counted by observing them through a microscope

B  A spectrophotometer is used to measure the light scattering properties of a bacterial culture. As the number of bacteria increase, more light is scattered and less is transmitted to the detector

C  This method uses a special slide (cytometer) and cells are counted by observing them through a microscope

A  This method uses a special slide (cytometer) and cells are counted by observing them through a microscope

B  An automated cell-counting device that requires fluorescent labeling of cells that will be scanned and counted

C  A spectrophotometer is used to measure the light scattering properties of a bacterial culture. As the number of bacteria increase, more light is scattered and less is transmitted to the detector

A  Adjustment period during which cells are dividing slowly while they adjust to growth conditions

B  Phase during which cells are growing very quickly, at their maximum rate of cell division

C  Nutrient depletion and waste accumulation prevent cell growth and cells die exponentially

A  Nutrient depletion and waste accumulation prevent cell growth and cells die exponentially

B  Adjustment period during which cells are dividing slowly while they adjust to growth conditions

C  Phase during which cells are growing very quickly, at their maximum rate of cell division

A  Phase during which nutrient depletion and accumulation of wastes begin to slow cell growth such that the rate of cell increase equals the rate of cell death

B  Adjustment period during which cells are dividing slowly while they adjust to growth conditions

C  Phase during which cells are growing very quickly, at their maximum rate of cell division

A  Phase during which cells are growing very quickly, at their maximum rate of cell division

B  Phase during which nutrient depletion and accumulation of wastes begin to slow cell growth such that the rate of cell increase equals the rate of cell death

C  Adjustment period during which cells are dividing slowly while they adjust to growth conditions

A  Describes an organism that is unable to use oxygen and lacks the enzymes to detoxify oxygen, thus requiring the absence of oxygen for growth

B  Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

C  Describes an organism that does not use oxygen, but can grow to a limited extent in the presence of oxygen

A  Describes an organism that is unable to use oxygen and lacks the enzymes to detoxify oxygen, thus requiring the absence of oxygen for growth

B  Describes an organism that cannot grow at normal atmospheric oxygen concentrations, but does require a small amount of oxygen for growth

C  Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

A  Describes an organism that can grow in the presence of oxygen and can detoxify it, but can also grow in the absence of oxygen

B  Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

C  Describes an organism that cannot grow at normal atmospheric oxygen concentrations, but does require a small amount of oxygen for growth

A  Describes an organism that cannot grow at normal atmospheric oxygen concentrations, but does require a small amount of oxygen for growth

B  Describes an organism that can grow in the presence of oxygen and can detoxify it, but can also grow in the absence of oxygen

C  Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

A  Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

B  Describes an organism that is unable to use oxygen and lacks the enzymes to detoxify oxygen, thus requiring the absence of oxygen for growth

C  Describes an organism that does not use oxygen, but can grow to a limited extent in the presence of oxygen

A  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

B  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 45°C to 80°C

C  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 80°C to 120°C

A  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

B  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 45°C to 80°C

C  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 40°C

A  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

B  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 40°C

C  Describes an organism that has an optimum growth temperature between 15°C and 30°C, but is able to grow slowly at colder temperatures

A  Describes an organism that has an optimum growth temperature between 15°C and 30°C, but is able to grow slowly at colder temperatures

B  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 40°C

C  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

A  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 80°C to 120°C

B  Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

C  Describes an organism that has an optimum growth temperature between 15°C and 30°C, but is able to grow slowly at colder temperatures

A  A cell in this environment will lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

B  A cell in this environment will swell as water moves in by osmosis, and may lyse if it does not have a cell wall.

C  A cell in this environment will neither shrink nor swell as there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell by osmosis.

A  A cell in this environment will neither shrink nor swell as there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell by osmosis.

B  A cell in this environment will swell as water moves in by osmosis, and may lyse if it does not have a cell wall.

C  A cell in this environment will lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

A  A cell in this environment will neither shrink nor swell as there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell by osmosis.

B  A cell in this environment will lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

C  A cell in this environment will swell as water moves in by osmosis, and may lyse if it does not have a cell wall.

A  A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

B  A cell requires this nutrient for pH maintenance and the bonds between DNA strands

C  A cell is unable to produce ATP and its cell membrane has lost its integrity because of a deficiency of this nutrient

A  A cell requires this nutrient for pH maintenance and the bonds between DNA strands

B  A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

C  A cell is unable to produce ATP and its cell membrane has lost its integrity because of a deficiency of this nutrient

A  A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

B  A cell requires this nutrient for pH maintenance and the bonds between DNA strands

C  This nutrient is a major part of all organic compounds in the cell as well as water, the major component of the cell

A  This nutrient is a major part of all organic compounds in the cell as well as water, the major component of the cell

B  A cell’s proteins are misshapen or unstable because of its lack of the amino acids cysteine and methionine (composed in part by this nutrient)

C  A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

A  A cell is unable to produce ATP and its cell membrane has lost its integrity because of a deficiency of this nutrient

B  A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

C  A cell is unable to synthesize proteins and nucleic acids due to a deficiency in this essential nutrient required for their structure

A  A cell is unable to synthesize proteins and nucleic acids due to a deficiency in this essential nutrient required for their structure

B  A cell is unable to produce ATP and its cell membrane has lost its integrity because of a deficiency of this nutrient

C  This nutrient is a major part of all organic compounds in the cell as well as water, the major component of the cell

A  Thermophilic only

B  Chemoautotrophic, Thermophilic, Chemoheterotrophic

C  Chemoautotrophic only

D  Chemoheterotrophic only