Midterm 1

A  evaluate the author’s sources

B  determine the author’s background

C  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

D  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

A  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

B  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

C  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

D  direct quotes requires a citation

A  encyclopedias

B  dictionaries

C  human sources

D  government documents

A  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

B  hand it in only once it is perfect

C  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

D  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

A  know your audience

B  know yourself

C  choose and broaden your topic

D  write a sentence that expresses your claim

A  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

B  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

C  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

D  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

A  it is a persuasive argument

B  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

C  it agrees with my views

D  it is well written or well spoken

A  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

B  be charitable

C  try to use as many words as the original argument

D  take what is unclear and make it clear

A  number the steps of the argument

B  write in complete sentences

C  put the conclusion first

D  fill in missing premises or conclusions

A  appeal to ignorance

B  in appropriate appeal to authority

C  loaded question

D  false alternatives

A  weak analogy

B  hasty generalization

C  inconsistency

D  slippery slope

A  bandwagon argument

B  red herring

C  scare tactics

D  straw man

A  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

B  a personal attack (ad hominem)

C  attacking the motive

D  two wrongs make a right

A  for

B  since

C  given that

D  therefore

A  consequently

B  because

C  if follows that

D  thus

A  a conditional statement

B  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

C  a report

D  an illustration

A  Anita Roddick

B  Mohammed Yunus

C  Gandhi

D  Mandala

A  Gandhi

B  Mandela

C  Muhammed Yunus

D  Anita Roddick

A  none of these

B  explicitness

C  attention

D  patience

A  patience

B  attention

C  none of these

D  explicitness

A  explicitness

B  none of these

C  attention

D  patience

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and sex

C  ethics and what we eat

D  ethics and work

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and what we eat

A  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

B  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

C  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

D  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

A  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

B  a problem with two sharply opposed options

C  thought to be impossible to solve

D  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

A  none of these

B  revisit outlying parts of the problem

C  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

D  ask if the problem can be prevented

A  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

B  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

C  abortion and animal research in Japan

D  homelessness in other cultures

A  exaggeration

B  full steam ahead method

C  random word method

D  reversal

A  it seeks to limit the possibilities

B  it is essential for practical problem solving

C  it seeks to reframe the problem

D  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

A  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

B  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

C  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

D  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

A  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

B  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

C  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

D  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

A  trying to take into account the values on all sides

B  finding the best balance between values at stake

C  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

D  picking the side you personally like the best

A  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

B  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

D  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

A  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

B  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

C  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

D  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

A  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

B  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

C  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

D  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

A  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

B  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

C  it makes the problem the problem

D  it is legalistic and judgmental

A  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

B  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

C  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

D  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

A  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

B  like to hunt

C  not be frightened by loud noises

D  be quiet

A  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

B  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

C  reduction of social pain and suffering

D  moral and legal rights of the individual

A  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

B  advocated by Martin Buber

C  advocated by Immanuel Kant

D  regards persons as supremely valuable

A  it is concerned with the well being of others

B  it is a rational aim

C  it is essentially social

D  it is short term

A  focuses on happiness

B  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

C  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

D  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

A  include greed, lust, and gluttony

B  may be organized into ethical theories

C  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

D  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

A  God listened to Abraham

B  Abraham bargains with God,

C  Abraham thinks for himself

D  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

A  the main point of the story is not clear

B  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

C  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

D  some of the values were different then than they are now

A  not eating shrimp and lobster

B  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

C  not wearing garments made out of blended material

D  not eating bacon

A  lying to hide fugitive slaves

B  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

C  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

D  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

A  rules may conflict

B  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

C  rules replace the need to think

D  rules make life simpler

A  welcome change

B  welcome challenges

C  limit your experience to what you know is true

D  pursue the facts

A  aim to live more comfortably

B  seek out challenges

C  seek out people with whom you do not agree

D  let challenges stretch your mind

A  relativism

B  dogmatism

C  offhand self justification

D  sound ethical thinking

A  dogmatism

B  sound ethical thinking

C  relativism

D  offhand self-justification

A  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

B  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

C  avoiding name calling

D  keeping an open mind