Midterm 1

A  determine the author’s background

B  evaluate the author’s sources

C  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

D  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

A  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

B  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

C  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

D  direct quotes requires a citation

A  encyclopedias

B  dictionaries

C  human sources

D  government documents

A  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

B  hand it in only once it is perfect

C  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

D  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

A  know yourself

B  choose and broaden your topic

C  write a sentence that expresses your claim

D  know your audience

A  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

B  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

C  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

D  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

A  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

B  it is well written or well spoken

C  it is a persuasive argument

D  it agrees with my views

A  take what is unclear and make it clear

B  try to use as many words as the original argument

C  be charitable

D  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

A  put the conclusion first

B  fill in missing premises or conclusions

C  number the steps of the argument

D  write in complete sentences

A  false alternatives

B  loaded question

C  appeal to ignorance

D  in appropriate appeal to authority

A  inconsistency

B  weak analogy

C  slippery slope

D  hasty generalization

A  scare tactics

B  straw man

C  red herring

D  bandwagon argument

A  a personal attack (ad hominem)

B  attacking the motive

C  two wrongs make a right

D  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

A  given that

B  for

C  since

D  therefore

A  consequently

B  because

C  thus

D  if follows that

A  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

B  a report

C  an illustration

D  a conditional statement

A  Mandala

B  Anita Roddick

C  Mohammed Yunus

D  Gandhi

A  Anita Roddick

B  Muhammed Yunus

C  Mandela

D  Gandhi

A  none of these

B  patience

C  attention

D  explicitness

A  patience

B  explicitness

C  attention

D  none of these

A  explicitness

B  none of these

C  attention

D  patience

A  ethics and what we eat

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and money

A  ethics and what we eat

B  ethics and sex

C  ethics and work

D  ethics and money

A  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

B  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

C  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

D  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

A  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

B  a problem with two sharply opposed options

C  thought to be impossible to solve

D  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

A  ask if the problem can be prevented

B  revisit outlying parts of the problem

C  none of these

D  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

A  homelessness in other cultures

B  abortion and animal research in Japan

C  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

D  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

A  exaggeration

B  full steam ahead method

C  random word method

D  reversal

A  it is essential for practical problem solving

B  it seeks to limit the possibilities

C  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

D  it seeks to reframe the problem

A  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

B  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

C  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

D  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

A  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

B  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

C  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

D  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

A  finding the best balance between values at stake

B  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

C  trying to take into account the values on all sides

D  picking the side you personally like the best

A  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

B  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

D  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

A  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

B  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

C  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

D  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

A  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

B  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

C  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

D  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

A  it makes the problem the problem

B  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

C  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

D  it is legalistic and judgmental

A  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

B  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

C  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

D  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

A  like to hunt

B  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

C  be quiet

D  not be frightened by loud noises

A  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

B  moral and legal rights of the individual

C  reduction of social pain and suffering

D  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

A  advocated by Immanuel Kant

B  regards persons as supremely valuable

C  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

D  advocated by Martin Buber

A  it is essentially social

B  it is concerned with the well being of others

C  it is short term

D  it is a rational aim

A  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

B  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

C  focuses on happiness

D  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

A  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

B  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

C  include greed, lust, and gluttony

D  may be organized into ethical theories

A  God listened to Abraham

B  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

C  Abraham bargains with God,

D  Abraham thinks for himself

A  some of the values were different then than they are now

B  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

C  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

D  the main point of the story is not clear

A  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

B  not eating shrimp and lobster

C  not wearing garments made out of blended material

D  not eating bacon

A  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

B  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

C  lying to hide fugitive slaves

D  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

A  rules may conflict

B  rules replace the need to think

C  rules make life simpler

D  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

A  pursue the facts

B  welcome challenges

C  welcome change

D  limit your experience to what you know is true

A  aim to live more comfortably

B  seek out people with whom you do not agree

C  seek out challenges

D  let challenges stretch your mind

A  dogmatism

B  relativism

C  sound ethical thinking

D  offhand self justification

A  offhand self-justification

B  sound ethical thinking

C  dogmatism

D  relativism

A  keeping an open mind

B  avoiding name calling

C  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

D  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity