Midterm 1

A  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

B  determine the author’s background

C  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

D  evaluate the author’s sources

A  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

B  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

C  direct quotes requires a citation

D  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

A  government documents

B  dictionaries

C  human sources

D  encyclopedias

A  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

B  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

C  hand it in only once it is perfect

D  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

A  know yourself

B  know your audience

C  write a sentence that expresses your claim

D  choose and broaden your topic

A  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

B  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

C  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

D  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

A  it agrees with my views

B  it is well written or well spoken

C  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

D  it is a persuasive argument

A  be charitable

B  take what is unclear and make it clear

C  try to use as many words as the original argument

D  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

A  fill in missing premises or conclusions

B  write in complete sentences

C  put the conclusion first

D  number the steps of the argument

A  appeal to ignorance

B  in appropriate appeal to authority

C  false alternatives

D  loaded question

A  weak analogy

B  slippery slope

C  hasty generalization

D  inconsistency

A  red herring

B  bandwagon argument

C  straw man

D  scare tactics

A  attacking the motive

B  two wrongs make a right

C  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

D  a personal attack (ad hominem)

A  since

B  for

C  therefore

D  given that

A  because

B  thus

C  consequently

D  if follows that

A  a conditional statement

B  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

C  an illustration

D  a report

A  Mohammed Yunus

B  Anita Roddick

C  Gandhi

D  Mandala

A  Mandela

B  Muhammed Yunus

C  Anita Roddick

D  Gandhi

A  explicitness

B  attention

C  patience

D  none of these

A  none of these

B  patience

C  explicitness

D  attention

A  patience

B  attention

C  none of these

D  explicitness

A  ethics and work

B  ethics and money

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and what we eat

A  ethics and what we eat

B  ethics and sex

C  ethics and money

D  ethics and work

A  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

B  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

C  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

D  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

A  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

B  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

C  a problem with two sharply opposed options

D  thought to be impossible to solve

A  ask if the problem can be prevented

B  none of these

C  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

D  revisit outlying parts of the problem

A  abortion and animal research in Japan

B  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

C  homelessness in other cultures

D  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

A  reversal

B  full steam ahead method

C  random word method

D  exaggeration

A  it is essential for practical problem solving

B  it seeks to reframe the problem

C  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

D  it seeks to limit the possibilities

A  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

B  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

C  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

D  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

A  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

B  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

C  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

D  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

A  picking the side you personally like the best

B  trying to take into account the values on all sides

C  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

D  finding the best balance between values at stake

A  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

B  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

C  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

D  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

A  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

B  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

C  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

D  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

A  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

B  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

C  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

D  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

A  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

B  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

C  it is legalistic and judgmental

D  it makes the problem the problem

A  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

B  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

C  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

D  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

A  not be frightened by loud noises

B  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

C  be quiet

D  like to hunt

A  moral and legal rights of the individual

B  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

C  reduction of social pain and suffering

D  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

A  regards persons as supremely valuable

B  advocated by Immanuel Kant

C  advocated by Martin Buber

D  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

A  it is a rational aim

B  it is short term

C  it is essentially social

D  it is concerned with the well being of others

A  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

B  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

C  focuses on happiness

D  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

A  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

B  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

C  may be organized into ethical theories

D  include greed, lust, and gluttony

A  Abraham thinks for himself

B  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

C  God listened to Abraham

D  Abraham bargains with God,

A  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

B  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

C  some of the values were different then than they are now

D  the main point of the story is not clear

A  not eating bacon

B  not eating shrimp and lobster

C  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

D  not wearing garments made out of blended material

A  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

B  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

C  lying to hide fugitive slaves

D  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

A  rules may conflict

B  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

C  rules replace the need to think

D  rules make life simpler

A  pursue the facts

B  welcome change

C  limit your experience to what you know is true

D  welcome challenges

A  seek out people with whom you do not agree

B  seek out challenges

C  aim to live more comfortably

D  let challenges stretch your mind

A  relativism

B  offhand self justification

C  sound ethical thinking

D  dogmatism

A  offhand self-justification

B  sound ethical thinking

C  dogmatism

D  relativism

A  keeping an open mind

B  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

C  avoiding name calling

D  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity