Midterm 1

A  determine the author’s background

B  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

C  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

D  evaluate the author’s sources

A  direct quotes requires a citation

B  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

C  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

D  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

A  dictionaries

B  encyclopedias

C  human sources

D  government documents

A  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

B  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

C  hand it in only once it is perfect

D  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

A  write a sentence that expresses your claim

B  choose and broaden your topic

C  know yourself

D  know your audience

A  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

B  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

C  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

D  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

A  it agrees with my views

B  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

C  it is well written or well spoken

D  it is a persuasive argument

A  try to use as many words as the original argument

B  take what is unclear and make it clear

C  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

D  be charitable

A  write in complete sentences

B  number the steps of the argument

C  fill in missing premises or conclusions

D  put the conclusion first

A  false alternatives

B  loaded question

C  appeal to ignorance

D  in appropriate appeal to authority

A  hasty generalization

B  slippery slope

C  weak analogy

D  inconsistency

A  scare tactics

B  bandwagon argument

C  red herring

D  straw man

A  attacking the motive

B  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

C  a personal attack (ad hominem)

D  two wrongs make a right

A  therefore

B  for

C  given that

D  since

A  if follows that

B  because

C  thus

D  consequently

A  a report

B  an illustration

C  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

D  a conditional statement

A  Mandala

B  Mohammed Yunus

C  Gandhi

D  Anita Roddick

A  Gandhi

B  Muhammed Yunus

C  Anita Roddick

D  Mandela

A  explicitness

B  none of these

C  attention

D  patience

A  attention

B  none of these

C  patience

D  explicitness

A  explicitness

B  patience

C  none of these

D  attention

A  ethics and sex

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and work

D  ethics and money

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and what we eat

D  ethics and sex

A  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

B  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

C  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

D  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

A  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

B  thought to be impossible to solve

C  a problem with two sharply opposed options

D  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

A  revisit outlying parts of the problem

B  none of these

C  ask if the problem can be prevented

D  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

A  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

B  abortion and animal research in Japan

C  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

D  homelessness in other cultures

A  full steam ahead method

B  reversal

C  exaggeration

D  random word method

A  it seeks to limit the possibilities

B  it seeks to reframe the problem

C  it is essential for practical problem solving

D  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

A  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

B  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

C  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

D  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

A  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

B  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

C  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

D  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

A  picking the side you personally like the best

B  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

C  trying to take into account the values on all sides

D  finding the best balance between values at stake

A  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

B  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

C  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

D  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

A  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

B  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

C  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

D  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

A  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

B  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

C  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

D  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

A  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

B  it makes the problem the problem

C  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

D  it is legalistic and judgmental

A  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

B  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

C  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

D  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

A  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

B  like to hunt

C  be quiet

D  not be frightened by loud noises

A  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

B  moral and legal rights of the individual

C  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

D  reduction of social pain and suffering

A  advocated by Immanuel Kant

B  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

C  advocated by Martin Buber

D  regards persons as supremely valuable

A  it is short term

B  it is a rational aim

C  it is concerned with the well being of others

D  it is essentially social

A  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

B  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

C  focuses on happiness

D  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

A  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

B  include greed, lust, and gluttony

C  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

D  may be organized into ethical theories

A  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

B  Abraham bargains with God,

C  God listened to Abraham

D  Abraham thinks for himself

A  the main point of the story is not clear

B  some of the values were different then than they are now

C  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

D  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

A  not eating bacon

B  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

C  not eating shrimp and lobster

D  not wearing garments made out of blended material

A  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

B  lying to hide fugitive slaves

C  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

D  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

A  rules make life simpler

B  rules replace the need to think

C  rules may conflict

D  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

A  pursue the facts

B  welcome change

C  limit your experience to what you know is true

D  welcome challenges

A  let challenges stretch your mind

B  seek out challenges

C  seek out people with whom you do not agree

D  aim to live more comfortably

A  relativism

B  offhand self justification

C  sound ethical thinking

D  dogmatism

A  relativism

B  dogmatism

C  offhand self-justification

D  sound ethical thinking

A  avoiding name calling

B  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

C  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

D  keeping an open mind