Midterm 1

A  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

B  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

C  determine the author’s background

D  evaluate the author’s sources

A  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

B  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

C  direct quotes requires a citation

D  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

A  dictionaries

B  encyclopedias

C  human sources

D  government documents

A  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

B  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

C  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

D  hand it in only once it is perfect

A  know yourself

B  write a sentence that expresses your claim

C  choose and broaden your topic

D  know your audience

A  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

B  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

C  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

D  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

A  it agrees with my views

B  it is a persuasive argument

C  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

D  it is well written or well spoken

A  try to use as many words as the original argument

B  take what is unclear and make it clear

C  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

D  be charitable

A  fill in missing premises or conclusions

B  put the conclusion first

C  number the steps of the argument

D  write in complete sentences

A  false alternatives

B  appeal to ignorance

C  in appropriate appeal to authority

D  loaded question

A  hasty generalization

B  inconsistency

C  slippery slope

D  weak analogy

A  scare tactics

B  straw man

C  red herring

D  bandwagon argument

A  two wrongs make a right

B  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

C  a personal attack (ad hominem)

D  attacking the motive

A  therefore

B  given that

C  for

D  since

A  consequently

B  if follows that

C  because

D  thus

A  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

B  a conditional statement

C  a report

D  an illustration

A  Anita Roddick

B  Gandhi

C  Mohammed Yunus

D  Mandala

A  Gandhi

B  Anita Roddick

C  Muhammed Yunus

D  Mandela

A  none of these

B  patience

C  explicitness

D  attention

A  explicitness

B  attention

C  none of these

D  patience

A  attention

B  explicitness

C  patience

D  none of these

A  ethics and money

B  ethics and what we eat

C  ethics and sex

D  ethics and work

A  ethics and what we eat

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and money

D  ethics and sex

A  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

B  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

C  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

D  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

A  a problem with two sharply opposed options

B  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

C  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

D  thought to be impossible to solve

A  ask if the problem can be prevented

B  none of these

C  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

D  revisit outlying parts of the problem

A  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

B  abortion and animal research in Japan

C  homelessness in other cultures

D  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

A  random word method

B  reversal

C  exaggeration

D  full steam ahead method

A  it seeks to limit the possibilities

B  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

C  it seeks to reframe the problem

D  it is essential for practical problem solving

A  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

B  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

C  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

D  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

A  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

B  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

C  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

D  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

A  finding the best balance between values at stake

B  picking the side you personally like the best

C  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

D  trying to take into account the values on all sides

A  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

B  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

D  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

A  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

B  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

C  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

D  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

A  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

B  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

C  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

D  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

A  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

B  it makes the problem the problem

C  it is legalistic and judgmental

D  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

A  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

B  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

C  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

D  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

A  be quiet

B  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

C  not be frightened by loud noises

D  like to hunt

A  reduction of social pain and suffering

B  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

C  moral and legal rights of the individual

D  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

A  regards persons as supremely valuable

B  advocated by Immanuel Kant

C  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

D  advocated by Martin Buber

A  it is concerned with the well being of others

B  it is short term

C  it is essentially social

D  it is a rational aim

A  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

B  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

C  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

D  focuses on happiness

A  may be organized into ethical theories

B  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

C  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

D  include greed, lust, and gluttony

A  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

B  Abraham thinks for himself

C  Abraham bargains with God,

D  God listened to Abraham

A  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

B  the main point of the story is not clear

C  some of the values were different then than they are now

D  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

A  not wearing garments made out of blended material

B  not eating shrimp and lobster

C  not eating bacon

D  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

A  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

B  lying to hide fugitive slaves

C  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

D  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

A  rules may conflict

B  rules replace the need to think

C  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

D  rules make life simpler

A  welcome change

B  pursue the facts

C  limit your experience to what you know is true

D  welcome challenges

A  seek out challenges

B  seek out people with whom you do not agree

C  let challenges stretch your mind

D  aim to live more comfortably

A  offhand self justification

B  dogmatism

C  sound ethical thinking

D  relativism

A  dogmatism

B  relativism

C  sound ethical thinking

D  offhand self-justification

A  avoiding name calling

B  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

C  keeping an open mind

D  using categorical language when describing ethical issues