Midterm 1

A  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

B  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

C  determine the author’s background

D  evaluate the author’s sources

A  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

B  direct quotes requires a citation

C  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

D  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

A  encyclopedias

B  government documents

C  dictionaries

D  human sources

A  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

B  hand it in only once it is perfect

C  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

D  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

A  know your audience

B  choose and broaden your topic

C  know yourself

D  write a sentence that expresses your claim

A  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

B  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

C  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

D  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

A  it is a persuasive argument

B  it agrees with my views

C  it is well written or well spoken

D  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

A  try to use as many words as the original argument

B  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

C  take what is unclear and make it clear

D  be charitable

A  write in complete sentences

B  fill in missing premises or conclusions

C  number the steps of the argument

D  put the conclusion first

A  appeal to ignorance

B  loaded question

C  in appropriate appeal to authority

D  false alternatives

A  weak analogy

B  inconsistency

C  slippery slope

D  hasty generalization

A  straw man

B  red herring

C  bandwagon argument

D  scare tactics

A  attacking the motive

B  two wrongs make a right

C  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

D  a personal attack (ad hominem)

A  therefore

B  since

C  for

D  given that

A  thus

B  if follows that

C  because

D  consequently

A  a report

B  an illustration

C  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

D  a conditional statement

A  Mandala

B  Anita Roddick

C  Mohammed Yunus

D  Gandhi

A  Mandela

B  Muhammed Yunus

C  Gandhi

D  Anita Roddick

A  patience

B  none of these

C  attention

D  explicitness

A  patience

B  none of these

C  attention

D  explicitness

A  patience

B  none of these

C  attention

D  explicitness

A  ethics and sex

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and what we eat

D  ethics and money

A  ethics and what we eat

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and money

D  ethics and sex

A  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

B  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

C  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

D  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

A  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

B  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

C  thought to be impossible to solve

D  a problem with two sharply opposed options

A  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

B  none of these

C  ask if the problem can be prevented

D  revisit outlying parts of the problem

A  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

B  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

C  homelessness in other cultures

D  abortion and animal research in Japan

A  random word method

B  full steam ahead method

C  reversal

D  exaggeration

A  it seeks to limit the possibilities

B  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

C  it seeks to reframe the problem

D  it is essential for practical problem solving

A  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

B  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

C  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

D  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

A  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

B  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

C  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

D  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

A  finding the best balance between values at stake

B  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

C  picking the side you personally like the best

D  trying to take into account the values on all sides

A  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

B  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

D  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

A  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

B  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

C  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

D  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

A  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

B  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

C  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

D  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

A  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

B  it makes the problem the problem

C  it is legalistic and judgmental

D  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

A  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

B  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

C  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

D  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

A  like to hunt

B  not be frightened by loud noises

C  be quiet

D  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

A  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

B  moral and legal rights of the individual

C  reduction of social pain and suffering

D  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

A  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

B  advocated by Martin Buber

C  regards persons as supremely valuable

D  advocated by Immanuel Kant

A  it is essentially social

B  it is short term

C  it is concerned with the well being of others

D  it is a rational aim

A  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

B  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

C  focuses on happiness

D  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

A  include greed, lust, and gluttony

B  may be organized into ethical theories

C  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

D  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

A  God listened to Abraham

B  Abraham thinks for himself

C  Abraham bargains with God,

D  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

A  the main point of the story is not clear

B  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

C  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

D  some of the values were different then than they are now

A  not eating shrimp and lobster

B  not wearing garments made out of blended material

C  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

D  not eating bacon

A  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

B  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

C  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

D  lying to hide fugitive slaves

A  rules may conflict

B  rules replace the need to think

C  rules make life simpler

D  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

A  pursue the facts

B  welcome change

C  limit your experience to what you know is true

D  welcome challenges

A  seek out challenges

B  aim to live more comfortably

C  let challenges stretch your mind

D  seek out people with whom you do not agree

A  sound ethical thinking

B  offhand self justification

C  dogmatism

D  relativism

A  relativism

B  sound ethical thinking

C  dogmatism

D  offhand self-justification

A  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

B  avoiding name calling

C  keeping an open mind

D  using categorical language when describing ethical issues