Midterm 1

A  assume if it has been written and published that it is true

B  ascertain the author’s bias and purpose

C  evaluate the author’s sources

D  determine the author’s background

A  well known facts and quotes do not need citation

B  statistics, surveys, obscure facts, and unique descriptions or examples need a citation

C  a paraphrase of another’s work does not need a citation

D  direct quotes requires a citation

A  dictionaries

B  encyclopedias

C  human sources

D  government documents

A  consider what you have not written, i.e. what you have left out of your paper

B  show your work to someone else for their honest opinion

C  edit your work for grammatical mistakes

D  hand it in only once it is perfect

A  write a sentence that expresses your claim

B  know yourself

C  choose and broaden your topic

D  know your audience

A  determine if it is possible to refute a weak claim by reducing it to absurdity

B  determine if it is possible to refute or weaken arguments with countervailing evidence

C  determine if it is possible to attack the motives of the opposition

D  determine if it is possible to refute statements by citing counterexamples

A  it is logically correct, i.e. either deductively sound or inductively cogent

B  it agrees with my views

C  it is well written or well spoken

D  it is a persuasive argument

A  try to use as many words as the original argument

B  be charitable

C  take what is unclear and make it clear

D  be accurate and don’t misrepresent

A  number the steps of the argument

B  write in complete sentences

C  put the conclusion first

D  fill in missing premises or conclusions

A  in appropriate appeal to authority

B  appeal to ignorance

C  loaded question

D  false alternatives

A  inconsistency

B  weak analogy

C  slippery slope

D  hasty generalization

A  scare tactics

B  red herring

C  bandwagon argument

D  straw man

A  attacking the motive

B  a personal attack (ad hominem)

C  look who’s talking (tu quoque)

D  two wrongs make a right

A  since

B  therefore

C  given that

D  for

A  consequently

B  thus

C  if follows that

D  because

A  a conditional statement

B  a report

C  an illustration

D  one or more premises which are intended to prove or support a conclusion

A  Gandhi

B  Mohammed Yunus

C  Anita Roddick

D  Mandala

A  Mandela

B  Anita Roddick

C  Gandhi

D  Muhammed Yunus

A  none of these

B  patience

C  explicitness

D  attention

A  none of these

B  explicitness

C  patience

D  attention

A  none of these

B  attention

C  explicitness

D  patience

A  ethics and sex

B  ethics and money

C  ethics and work

D  ethics and what we eat

A  ethics and sex

B  ethics and work

C  ethics and what we eat

D  ethics and money

A  Weston suggests we assume problems, even “dilemmas,” are solvable

B  Weston uses Sartre’s young friend as an example

C  Weston uses Heinz’s dilemma as an example

D  Weston maintains that dilemmas are indeed unsolvable

A  each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side

B  a problem with two sharply opposed options, each side’s “solution” is unacceptable to the other side, and thought to be impossible to solve

C  thought to be impossible to solve

D  a problem with two sharply opposed options

A  ask if the problem can be prevented

B  view problems as a growth opportunity to be welcomed

C  revisit outlying parts of the problem

D  none of these

A  seven generation decision making of the American Indians

B  abortion and animal research in Japan

C  carefully administered hallucinogenic drugs

D  homelessness in other cultures

A  exaggeration

B  full steam ahead method

C  reversal

D  random word method

A  it seeks to reframe the problem

B  it is essential for practical problem solving

C  it seeks to limit the possibilities

D  it helps solve ethical problems by going beyond the norm

A  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision

B  it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech

C  it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

D  it is an excellent example of proclaiming a moral vision, it was an improvisation and not planned in his original speech, and it occurs at the end of his speech in the lasts only five minutes

A  it finds a way of enthusiastically going forward together

B  it “pushes” us towards a moral minimum by nagging us to do something

C  it looks forward to a future and more complete resolution

D  it is a positive and appealing longer term alternative

A  finding the best balance between values at stake

B  trying to take into account the values on all sides

C  picking the side you personally like the best

D  finding ways the underlying values and interests of both sides can be co-achieved

A  utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide

B  Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

C  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide

D  virtue theory argues against assisted suicide, utilitarianism argues in favor of assisted suicide, and Kant (Ethics of the person) argues against assisted suicide

A  both pro-life and pro-choice share many essential values, although they may prioritize these values differently

B  many pro-choice advocates are conflicted about abortion and although they would not choose it for themselves think it is a necessary option for others

C  all pro-life advocates oppose abortion in all cases, even rape, incest, and when the life of the mother is at risk

D  all of us are both pro-life and pro-choice in a general sense

A  it presents polarizing and irresolvable positions

B  the media tends to minimize “either/or” thinking

C  it is an adversarial “winner take all” approach

D  it is an overly simplistic and extreme approach

A  it makes the problem the problem

B  it focuses on shared interests rather than hard-line positions

C  it strives to get all sides as much as possible of what they want

D  it is legalistic and judgmental

A  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature, moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings,and by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

B  virtues are traits that express and fulfill our rational nature

C  by growing in these virtues we achieve our potential as humans

D  moral virtues are character traits that fulfill our essence as human beings

A  be quiet

B  like to hunt

C  be a color that blends in with the surroundings

D  not be frightened by loud noises

A  reduction of social pain and suffering

B  Kant’s Categorical Imperative

C  moral and legal rights of the individual

D  equality for individuals regardless of gender, race or class

A  regards persons as supremely valuable

B  believes individuals should be viewed as a “means to an end” and not “ends in themselves”

C  advocated by Martin Buber

D  advocated by Immanuel Kant

A  it is a rational aim

B  it is short term

C  it is essentially social

D  it is concerned with the well being of others

A  focuses on happiness

B  seeks the greatest good of the smallest number

C  aims for the greatest balance of happiness over pain of suffering as a whole in the long run

D  originated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

A  may be organized into ethical theories

B  describe the legitimate expectations of ourselves and others

C  include greed, lust, and gluttony

D  include fairness, equality, responsibility, and respect

A  Abraham thinks for himself

B  Abraham agrees that Sodom should be destroyed

C  Abraham bargains with God,

D  God listened to Abraham

A  women were considered property of their fathers or husbands

B  some of the values were different then than they are now

C  the biblical prophet Ezekial says Sodom was destroyed because of their homosexuality

D  the main point of the story is not clear

A  not eating shrimp and lobster

B  not wearing garments made out of blended material

C  not eating bacon

D  not eating bacon, shrimp and lobster and not wearing garments made out of blended material and

A  lying to get out of trouble for something you’ve done wrong

B  lying to hide fugitive slaves

C  Jean Valjean stealing to feed a starving child

D  lying to shelter fugitives from the Nazis

A  rules may conflict

B  rules are rough guides and have exceptions

C  rules replace the need to think

D  rules make life simpler

A  limit your experience to what you know is true

B  welcome change

C  pursue the facts

D  welcome challenges

A  seek out people with whom you do not agree

B  aim to live more comfortably

C  let challenges stretch your mind

D  seek out challenges

A  sound ethical thinking

B  relativism

C  offhand self justification

D  dogmatism

A  dogmatism

B  sound ethical thinking

C  relativism

D  offhand self-justification

A  using categorical language when describing ethical issues

B  keeping an open mind

C  avoiding bumper sticker simplicity

D  avoiding name calling