Exam 2

A  Can cure any disease

B  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

C  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

D  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

A  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

B  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

C  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

D  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

A  Mitochondria

B  Lysosomes

C  Chloroplasts

D  Ribosomes

A  Fat used for protection

B  Protein used to increase muscle size

C  Atom used to make oxygen

D  Carbohydrate used as energy source

A  second messengers

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  second messengers

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  second messengers

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  to release energy needed to make ATP

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

A  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  to convert sugar into starch

B  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

C  to release energy needed to make ATP

D  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

A  enzymes getting denatured

B  H2O2 evaporating

C  boiling of living tissues

D  release of O2 from the reaction

A  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

B  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

C  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

D  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

A  photosynthesis

B  signal transduction

C  fermentation

D  aerobic respiration

A  an intermediate of the pathway.

B  the substrate that was broken down.

C  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

D  final product of the reaction.

A  A

B  B

C  C

A  consumed during photosynthesis

B  released during photosynthesis

C  consumed during respiration

D  released during respiration

A  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

B  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

C  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

D  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

A  amount of O2 consumed

B  amount of CO2 released

C  decrease in mass of peas

D  amount of ATP produced

A  Photosynthesis & Respiration

B  Photosynthesis only

C  Respiration only

D  Fermentation only

A  alcohol

B  iodine

C  acetone & petroleum ether

D  water

A  color of the solution inside the test tubes

B  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

C  coagulation

D  presence/absence of milk protein

A  yellow carotene

B  grass green chlorophyll a

C  yellow green chlorophyll b

D  purple anthocyanin

A  soaked peas only

B  beads only

C  soaked peas & beads

D  dry peas & beads

A  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

B  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

C  enzymes destroy living tissues.

D  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

A  Second messenger

B  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

C  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

D  Relay protein

A  cAMP is formed

B  response protein is activated

C  ion channel receptor opens up

A  relay protein

B  local regulator

C  receptors

D  second messenger

A  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

B  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

C  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

B  presence of enzyme inhibitors

C  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

A  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

B  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

C  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

A  lipid-based such as steroids

B  local regulators

C  small & polar such as Ca ions

D  peptide-based such as insulin

A  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

B  stroma of the chloroplast

C  cell’s cytoplasm

D  mitochondrioal matrix

A  glucose

B  water

C  carbon dioxide

D  NADPH

A  green light is absorbed by the leaves

B  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

C  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

A  oxygen gas

B  carbon dioxide

C  glucose

D  water

A  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

B  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

C  store water at night

D  enhance photorespiration

A  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

B  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

C  to breakdown sugar for energy

D  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

A  light into chemical energy

B  light into oxygen gas

C  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

D  glucose into lactic acid

A  CO2 and glucose

B  H2O and O2

C  ATP and NADPH

D  ADP and NADP+

A  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

B  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

C  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

A  Krebs cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  Calvin cycle

D  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

A  to release carbon dioxide

B  to use up oxygen gas

C  for energy

D  to create energy-rich products

A  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

B  energy is released to produce ATP

C  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

D  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

A  chloroplast

B  cytoplasm

C  plasma membrane

D  mitochondrion

A  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

B  Glycolysis

C  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

A  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

B  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

C  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

D  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

A  carbon dioxide & water

B  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

C  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

D  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

A  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

B  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

C  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

A  NAD+ and FAD+

B  ATP and citric acid

C  H2O and O2

D  glucose and pyruvate

A  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

B  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

C  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

D  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

A  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

B  glycolysis

C  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

D  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

E  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

A  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

B  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

C  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

A  warm moist environment

B  boiled

C  pH =1

D  inside the freezer

E  high concentration of its inhibitor

A  detoxify toxins

B  digest food

C  release energy from “fuel” molecules

D  synthesize large macromolecules

A  4

B  1

C  3

D  2

A  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

B  B & C are intermediates.

C  D is much smaller than A.

A  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

B  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

C  it has to be the same size as the substrate

A  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.

B  Life contradicts the law of entropy.

C  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.