Exam 2

A  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

B  Can cure any disease

C  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

D  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

A  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

B  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

C  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

D  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

A  Lysosomes

B  Mitochondria

C  Ribosomes

D  Chloroplasts

A  Atom used to make oxygen

B  Fat used for protection

C  Carbohydrate used as energy source

D  Protein used to increase muscle size

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  second messengers

A  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  second messengers

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  second messengers

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

C  to release energy needed to make ATP

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

A  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  to convert sugar into starch

B  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

C  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

D  to release energy needed to make ATP

A  H2O2 evaporating

B  boiling of living tissues

C  enzymes getting denatured

D  release of O2 from the reaction

A  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

B  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

C  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

D  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

A  aerobic respiration

B  signal transduction

C  photosynthesis

D  fermentation

A  an intermediate of the pathway.

B  final product of the reaction.

C  the substrate that was broken down.

D  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

A  A

B  B

C  C

A  released during respiration

B  consumed during photosynthesis

C  consumed during respiration

D  released during photosynthesis

A  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

B  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

C  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

D  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

A  amount of CO2 released

B  amount of ATP produced

C  amount of O2 consumed

D  decrease in mass of peas

A  Fermentation only

B  Photosynthesis only

C  Respiration only

D  Photosynthesis & Respiration

A  acetone & petroleum ether

B  water

C  iodine

D  alcohol

A  presence/absence of milk protein

B  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

C  coagulation

D  color of the solution inside the test tubes

A  yellow green chlorophyll b

B  grass green chlorophyll a

C  yellow carotene

D  purple anthocyanin

A  beads only

B  soaked peas & beads

C  soaked peas only

D  dry peas & beads

A  enzymes destroy living tissues.

B  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

C  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

D  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

A  Relay protein

B  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

C  Second messenger

D  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

A  cAMP is formed

B  ion channel receptor opens up

C  response protein is activated

A  receptors

B  relay protein

C  local regulator

D  second messenger

A  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

B  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

C  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

B  presence of enzyme inhibitors

C  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

A  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

B  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

C  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

A  peptide-based such as insulin

B  small & polar such as Ca ions

C  lipid-based such as steroids

D  local regulators

A  cell’s cytoplasm

B  mitochondrioal matrix

C  stroma of the chloroplast

D  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

A  NADPH

B  water

C  carbon dioxide

D  glucose

A  green light is absorbed by the leaves

B  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

C  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

A  oxygen gas

B  water

C  carbon dioxide

D  glucose

A  enhance photorespiration

B  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

C  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

D  store water at night

A  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

B  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

C  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

D  to breakdown sugar for energy

A  light into chemical energy

B  light into oxygen gas

C  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

D  glucose into lactic acid

A  H2O and O2

B  CO2 and glucose

C  ATP and NADPH

D  ADP and NADP+

A  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

B  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

C  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

A  Calvin cycle

B  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

C  Krebs cycle

D  Glycolysis

A  to use up oxygen gas

B  to release carbon dioxide

C  for energy

D  to create energy-rich products

A  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

B  energy is released to produce ATP

C  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

D  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

A  chloroplast

B  mitochondrion

C  cytoplasm

D  plasma membrane

A  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

B  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

C  Glycolysis

A  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

B  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

C  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

D  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

A  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

B  carbon dioxide & water

C  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

D  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

A  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

B  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

C  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

A  ATP and citric acid

B  H2O and O2

C  glucose and pyruvate

D  NAD+ and FAD+

A  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

B  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

C  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

D  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

A  glycolysis

B  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

C  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

D  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

E  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

A  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

B  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

C  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

A  high concentration of its inhibitor

B  boiled

C  pH =1

D  warm moist environment

E  inside the freezer

A  synthesize large macromolecules

B  detoxify toxins

C  release energy from “fuel” molecules

D  digest food

A  2

B  4

C  3

D  1

A  D is much smaller than A.

B  B & C are intermediates.

C  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

A  it has to be the same size as the substrate

B  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

C  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

A  Life contradicts the law of entropy.

B  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.

C  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.