Exam 2

A  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

B  Can cure any disease

C  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

D  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

A  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

B  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

C  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

D  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

A  Mitochondria

B  Ribosomes

C  Chloroplasts

D  Lysosomes

A  Fat used for protection

B  Protein used to increase muscle size

C  Carbohydrate used as energy source

D  Atom used to make oxygen

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  second messengers

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  second messengers

C  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  second messengers

A  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  to release energy needed to make ATP

C  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

B  to convert sugar into starch

C  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

D  to release energy needed to make ATP

A  enzymes getting denatured

B  H2O2 evaporating

C  boiling of living tissues

D  release of O2 from the reaction

A  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

B  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

C  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

D  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

A  fermentation

B  signal transduction

C  photosynthesis

D  aerobic respiration

A  an intermediate of the pathway.

B  the substrate that was broken down.

C  final product of the reaction.

D  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

A  A

B  B

C  C

A  consumed during respiration

B  consumed during photosynthesis

C  released during respiration

D  released during photosynthesis

A  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

B  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

C  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

D  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

A  decrease in mass of peas

B  amount of ATP produced

C  amount of O2 consumed

D  amount of CO2 released

A  Photosynthesis only

B  Fermentation only

C  Photosynthesis & Respiration

D  Respiration only

A  alcohol

B  water

C  acetone & petroleum ether

D  iodine

A  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

B  coagulation

C  presence/absence of milk protein

D  color of the solution inside the test tubes

A  yellow green chlorophyll b

B  purple anthocyanin

C  yellow carotene

D  grass green chlorophyll a

A  dry peas & beads

B  soaked peas & beads

C  soaked peas only

D  beads only

A  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

B  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

C  enzymes destroy living tissues.

D  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

A  Relay protein

B  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

C  Second messenger

D  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

A  response protein is activated

B  cAMP is formed

C  ion channel receptor opens up

A  second messenger

B  receptors

C  relay protein

D  local regulator

A  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

B  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

C  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  presence of enzyme inhibitors

B  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

C  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

A  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

B  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

C  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

A  lipid-based such as steroids

B  small & polar such as Ca ions

C  peptide-based such as insulin

D  local regulators

A  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

B  cell’s cytoplasm

C  stroma of the chloroplast

D  mitochondrioal matrix

A  NADPH

B  glucose

C  water

D  carbon dioxide

A  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

B  green light is absorbed by the leaves

C  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

A  carbon dioxide

B  water

C  glucose

D  oxygen gas

A  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

B  enhance photorespiration

C  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

D  store water at night

A  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

B  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

C  to breakdown sugar for energy

D  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

A  light into chemical energy

B  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

C  glucose into lactic acid

D  light into oxygen gas

A  ATP and NADPH

B  ADP and NADP+

C  H2O and O2

D  CO2 and glucose

A  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

B  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

C  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

A  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

B  Glycolysis

C  Calvin cycle

D  Krebs cycle

A  to use up oxygen gas

B  to release carbon dioxide

C  to create energy-rich products

D  for energy

A  energy is released to produce ATP

B  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

C  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

D  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

A  chloroplast

B  mitochondrion

C  cytoplasm

D  plasma membrane

A  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

B  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

C  Glycolysis

A  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

B  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

C  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

D  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

A  carbon dioxide & water

B  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

C  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

D  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

A  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

B  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

C  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

A  H2O and O2

B  ATP and citric acid

C  NAD+ and FAD+

D  glucose and pyruvate

A  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

B  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

C  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

D  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

A  glycolysis

B  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

C  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

D  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

E  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

A  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

B  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

C  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

A  high concentration of its inhibitor

B  inside the freezer

C  pH =1

D  boiled

E  warm moist environment

A  detoxify toxins

B  digest food

C  synthesize large macromolecules

D  release energy from “fuel” molecules

A  4

B  3

C  1

D  2

A  D is much smaller than A.

B  B & C are intermediates.

C  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

A  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

B  it has to be the same size as the substrate

C  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

A  Life contradicts the law of entropy.

B  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.

C  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.