Exam 2

A  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

B  Can cure any disease

C  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

D  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

A  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

B  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

C  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

D  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

A  Lysosomes

B  Ribosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Chloroplasts

A  Carbohydrate used as energy source

B  Fat used for protection

C  Atom used to make oxygen

D  Protein used to increase muscle size

A  second messengers

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  second messengers

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

A  second messengers

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  to release energy needed to make ATP

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

A  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

B  to convert sugar into starch

C  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

D  to release energy needed to make ATP

A  boiling of living tissues

B  H2O2 evaporating

C  release of O2 from the reaction

D  enzymes getting denatured

A  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

B  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

C  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

D  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

A  fermentation

B  signal transduction

C  photosynthesis

D  aerobic respiration

A  final product of the reaction.

B  the substrate that was broken down.

C  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

D  an intermediate of the pathway.

A  A

B  C

C  B

A  consumed during photosynthesis

B  consumed during respiration

C  released during photosynthesis

D  released during respiration

A  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

B  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

C  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

D  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

A  decrease in mass of peas

B  amount of CO2 released

C  amount of ATP produced

D  amount of O2 consumed

A  Fermentation only

B  Photosynthesis only

C  Respiration only

D  Photosynthesis & Respiration

A  water

B  acetone & petroleum ether

C  iodine

D  alcohol

A  coagulation

B  color of the solution inside the test tubes

C  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

D  presence/absence of milk protein

A  purple anthocyanin

B  yellow green chlorophyll b

C  yellow carotene

D  grass green chlorophyll a

A  soaked peas only

B  dry peas & beads

C  soaked peas & beads

D  beads only

A  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

B  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

C  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

D  enzymes destroy living tissues.

A  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

B  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

C  Relay protein

D  Second messenger

A  ion channel receptor opens up

B  response protein is activated

C  cAMP is formed

A  relay protein

B  receptors

C  local regulator

D  second messenger

A  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

B  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

C  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

B  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

C  presence of enzyme inhibitors

A  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

B  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

C  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

A  peptide-based such as insulin

B  lipid-based such as steroids

C  local regulators

D  small & polar such as Ca ions

A  cell’s cytoplasm

B  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

C  stroma of the chloroplast

D  mitochondrioal matrix

A  water

B  NADPH

C  glucose

D  carbon dioxide

A  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

B  green light is absorbed by the leaves

C  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

A  oxygen gas

B  carbon dioxide

C  water

D  glucose

A  enhance photorespiration

B  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

C  store water at night

D  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

A  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

B  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

C  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

D  to breakdown sugar for energy

A  light into chemical energy

B  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

C  glucose into lactic acid

D  light into oxygen gas

A  ADP and NADP+

B  ATP and NADPH

C  H2O and O2

D  CO2 and glucose

A  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

B  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

C  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

A  Calvin cycle

B  Krebs cycle

C  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

D  Glycolysis

A  for energy

B  to create energy-rich products

C  to release carbon dioxide

D  to use up oxygen gas

A  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

B  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

C  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

D  energy is released to produce ATP

A  mitochondrion

B  cytoplasm

C  plasma membrane

D  chloroplast

A  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

B  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

C  Glycolysis

A  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

B  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

C  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

D  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

A  carbon dioxide & water

B  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

C  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

D  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

A  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

B  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

C  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

A  glucose and pyruvate

B  ATP and citric acid

C  H2O and O2

D  NAD+ and FAD+

A  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

B  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

C  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

D  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

A  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

B  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

C  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

D  glycolysis

E  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

A  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

B  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

C  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

A  pH =1

B  inside the freezer

C  warm moist environment

D  high concentration of its inhibitor

E  boiled

A  release energy from “fuel” molecules

B  detoxify toxins

C  synthesize large macromolecules

D  digest food

A  3

B  2

C  1

D  4

A  B & C are intermediates.

B  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

C  D is much smaller than A.

A  it has to be the same size as the substrate

B  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

C  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

A  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.

B  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.

C  Life contradicts the law of entropy.