Exam 2

A  Can cure any disease

B  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

C  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

D  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

A  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

B  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

C  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

D  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

A  Chloroplasts

B  Lysosomes

C  Ribosomes

D  Mitochondria

A  Carbohydrate used as energy source

B  Atom used to make oxygen

C  Fat used for protection

D  Protein used to increase muscle size

A  second messengers

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  second messengers

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  second messengers

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  to release energy needed to make ATP

C  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

B  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

C  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

A  to convert sugar into starch

B  to release energy needed to make ATP

C  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

D  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

A  H2O2 evaporating

B  enzymes getting denatured

C  boiling of living tissues

D  release of O2 from the reaction

A  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

B  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

C  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

D  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

A  aerobic respiration

B  photosynthesis

C  fermentation

D  signal transduction

A  an intermediate of the pathway.

B  the substrate that was broken down.

C  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

D  final product of the reaction.

A  B

B  A

C  C

A  consumed during photosynthesis

B  released during photosynthesis

C  released during respiration

D  consumed during respiration

A  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

B  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

C  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

D  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

A  amount of CO2 released

B  decrease in mass of peas

C  amount of ATP produced

D  amount of O2 consumed

A  Respiration only

B  Fermentation only

C  Photosynthesis & Respiration

D  Photosynthesis only

A  water

B  iodine

C  acetone & petroleum ether

D  alcohol

A  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

B  coagulation

C  presence/absence of milk protein

D  color of the solution inside the test tubes

A  yellow green chlorophyll b

B  purple anthocyanin

C  yellow carotene

D  grass green chlorophyll a

A  soaked peas & beads

B  soaked peas only

C  beads only

D  dry peas & beads

A  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

B  enzymes destroy living tissues.

C  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

D  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

A  Relay protein

B  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

C  Second messenger

D  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

A  response protein is activated

B  ion channel receptor opens up

C  cAMP is formed

A  second messenger

B  local regulator

C  relay protein

D  receptors

A  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

B  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

C  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

B  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

C  presence of enzyme inhibitors

A  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

B  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

C  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

A  peptide-based such as insulin

B  local regulators

C  small & polar such as Ca ions

D  lipid-based such as steroids

A  cell’s cytoplasm

B  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

C  stroma of the chloroplast

D  mitochondrioal matrix

A  water

B  NADPH

C  carbon dioxide

D  glucose

A  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

B  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

C  green light is absorbed by the leaves

A  glucose

B  oxygen gas

C  carbon dioxide

D  water

A  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

B  enhance photorespiration

C  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

D  store water at night

A  to breakdown sugar for energy

B  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

C  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

D  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

A  light into oxygen gas

B  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

C  glucose into lactic acid

D  light into chemical energy

A  CO2 and glucose

B  H2O and O2

C  ADP and NADP+

D  ATP and NADPH

A  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

B  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

C  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

A  Krebs cycle

B  Calvin cycle

C  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

D  Glycolysis

A  to release carbon dioxide

B  to use up oxygen gas

C  to create energy-rich products

D  for energy

A  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

B  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

C  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

D  energy is released to produce ATP

A  chloroplast

B  plasma membrane

C  mitochondrion

D  cytoplasm

A  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

B  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

C  Glycolysis

A  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

B  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

C  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

D  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

A  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

B  carbon dioxide & water

C  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

D  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

A  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

B  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

C  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

A  NAD+ and FAD+

B  glucose and pyruvate

C  ATP and citric acid

D  H2O and O2

A  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

B  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

C  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

D  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

A  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

B  glycolysis

C  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

D  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

E  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

A  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

B  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

C  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

A  high concentration of its inhibitor

B  inside the freezer

C  warm moist environment

D  boiled

E  pH =1

A  digest food

B  detoxify toxins

C  release energy from “fuel” molecules

D  synthesize large macromolecules

A  1

B  3

C  4

D  2

A  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

B  B & C are intermediates.

C  D is much smaller than A.

A  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

B  it has to be the same size as the substrate

C  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

A  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.

B  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.

C  Life contradicts the law of entropy.