Exam 2

A  Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems

B  Can cure any disease

C  Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body

D  Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes

A  Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy

B  Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body

C  Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing

D  Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

A  Lysosomes

B  Ribosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Chloroplasts

A  Protein used to increase muscle size

B  Carbohydrate used as energy source

C  Fat used for protection

D  Atom used to make oxygen

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  second messengers

C  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

A  second messengers

B  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

C  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

A  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

B  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

C  second messengers

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  mobile carriers of high energy electrons

A  “pouch-shaped” region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products

B  binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication

C  collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle

B  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

C  to release energy needed to make ATP

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

C  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

A  responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide

B  transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule

C  covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix

A  to release energy needed to make ATP

B  to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration

C  to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol

D  to convert sugar into starch

A  enzymes getting denatured

B  release of O2 from the reaction

C  H2O2 evaporating

D  boiling of living tissues

A  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.

B  Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.

C  The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.

D  Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.

A  fermentation

B  signal transduction

C  photosynthesis

D  aerobic respiration

A  an intermediate of the pathway.

B  an enzyme needed to make ATP.

C  final product of the reaction.

D  the substrate that was broken down.

A  C

B  A

C  B

A  consumed during respiration

B  released during photosynthesis

C  released during respiration

D  consumed during photosynthesis

A  Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

B  All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.

C  Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.

D  All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.

A  decrease in mass of peas

B  amount of CO2 released

C  amount of O2 consumed

D  amount of ATP produced

A  Respiration only

B  Photosynthesis only

C  Fermentation only

D  Photosynthesis & Respiration

A  iodine

B  water

C  alcohol

D  acetone & petroleum ether

A  presence/absence of milk protein

B  presence/absence of rennin (rennet)

C  color of the solution inside the test tubes

D  coagulation

A  yellow carotene

B  grass green chlorophyll a

C  purple anthocyanin

D  yellow green chlorophyll b

A  beads only

B  soaked peas only

C  dry peas & beads

D  soaked peas & beads

A  boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.

B  there are no enzymes in living tissues.

C  boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.

D  enzymes destroy living tissues.

A  Second messenger

B  Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it

C  Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body

D  Relay protein

A  ion channel receptor opens up

B  cAMP is formed

C  response protein is activated

A  receptors

B  local regulator

C  relay protein

D  second messenger

A  Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.

B  Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.

C  Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  presence of enzyme inhibitors

B  reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it

C  role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction

A  Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.

B  A protein kinase is phosphorylated.

C  Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein

A  lipid-based such as steroids

B  local regulators

C  peptide-based such as insulin

D  small & polar such as Ca ions

A  stroma of the chloroplast

B  thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast

C  mitochondrioal matrix

D  cell’s cytoplasm

A  water

B  glucose

C  NADPH

D  carbon dioxide

A  photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves

B  green light is absorbed by the leaves

C  photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy

A  oxygen gas

B  carbon dioxide

C  glucose

D  water

A  fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

B  use a different enzyme to fix CO2

C  enhance photorespiration

D  store water at night

A  to make energy-rich fuel molecules

B  to breakdown sugar for energy

C  to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use

D  to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume

A  glucose into lactic acid

B  light into oxygen gas

C  carbon dioxide int oxygen gas

D  light into chemical energy

A  H2O and O2

B  ATP and NADPH

C  CO2 and glucose

D  ADP and NADP+

A  It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas

B  It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.

C  It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid

A  Glycolysis

B  Calvin cycle

C  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

D  Krebs cycle

A  to release carbon dioxide

B  to use up oxygen gas

C  to create energy-rich products

D  for energy

A  intermediates get oxidized by NAD+

B  pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

C  energy is released to produce ATP

D  glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar

A  plasma membrane

B  cytoplasm

C  chloroplast

D  mitochondrion

A  Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

B  Glycolysis

C  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

A  Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.

B  Glucose is split into two pyruvates.

C  Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate

D  The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.

A  energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas

B  cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria

C  carbon dioxide & water

D  anti-oxidants & inorganic salts

A  Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.

B  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.

C  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.

A  NAD+ and FAD+

B  glucose and pyruvate

C  ATP and citric acid

D  H2O and O2

A  ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.

B  ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.

C  cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.

D  high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.

A  glycolysis

B  Krebs (Citric acid) cycle

C  light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis

D  light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis

E  Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis

A  pulling the substrates away from the enzyme

B  binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site

C  occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it

A  inside the freezer

B  high concentration of its inhibitor

C  pH =1

D  warm moist environment

E  boiled

A  digest food

B  synthesize large macromolecules

C  detoxify toxins

D  release energy from “fuel” molecules

A  3

B  4

C  2

D  1

A  D is much smaller than A.

B  B & C are intermediates.

C  A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.

A  the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate

B  it has to be the same size as the substrate

C  its polarity has to be similar to the product’s polarity

A  To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.

B  Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.

C  Life contradicts the law of entropy.