Nervous System 2

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  more sodium ions diffuse into the cell than potassium ions diffuse out of it

B  the inactivation gates of the voltage-gated sodium ion channels begin to open and the diffusion of sodium ions decreases

C  potassium ions continue to diffuse out of the cell after the inactivation gates of the voltage-gated sodium ion channels begin to close

D  the increased potassium ion permeability lasts slightly longer than the time required to bring the membrane potential back to its resting level

E  the extra efflux of potassium ions causes the membrane potential to become slightly more positive than the resting value

A  the increased potassium ion permeability lasts slightly longer than the time required to bring the membrane potential back to its resting level

B  the extra efflux of potassium ions causes the membrane potential to become slightly more positive than the resting value

C  the inactivation gates of the voltage-gated sodium ion channels begin to open and the diffusion of sodium ions decreases

D  more sodium ions diffuse into the cell than potassium ions diffuse out of it

E  potassium ions continue to diffuse out of the cell after the inactivation gates of the voltage-gated sodium ion channels begin to close

A  sodium ions diffusing into the cell through ligand-gated channels is greater than potassium ions diffuse out of it

B  potassium ions continue to diffuse out of the cell after the inactivation gates of the voltage-gated sodium ion channels begin to close

C  the increased potassium ion permeability lasts slightly longer than the time required to bring the membrane potential back to its resting level

D  the extra efflux of potassium ions causes the membrane potential to become slightly more positive than the resting value

E  the inactivation gates of the voltage-gated sodium ion channels begin to open and the diffusion of sodium ions decreases

A  more Na+ diffuses out of the cell than K+ diffuses into it

B  more Na+ diffuses into the cell than K+ diffuses out of it

C  both Na+ and K+ diffuse into the cell

D  more K+ diffuses out of the cell than Na+ diffuses into it

E  more K+ diffuses into the cell than Na+ diffuses out of it

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Na+ and K+ gates open at the same time.

B  Na+ gates open while K+ gates remain closed.

C  K+ gates open while Na+ gates remain closed.

D  Na+ gates open before K+ gates.

E  K+ gates open before Na+ gates.

A  The exterior of the cell has a net positive charge and the interior is neutral.

B  The exterior of the cell has a net negative charge and the interior has a net positive charge.

C  The exterior of the cell has a net positive charge and the interior has a net negative charge.

D  The exterior of the cell is neutral and the interior has a net negative charge.

E  The exterior of the cell has a net negative charge and the interior is neutral.

A  Sodium ions diffuse into the cell.

B  Synaptic vessels fuse with the plasma membrane and release acetylcholine.

C  Acetylcholine is actively transported from the presynaptic neuron.

D  Acetylcholine is actively transported to the postsynaptic neuron.

E  Ligand-gated sodium channels open.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Ligand-gated sodium ion channels open and sodium diffuses inward.

B  Voltage-gated sodium ion channels open and sodium diffuses inward.

C  Ligand-gated calcium ion channels open and calcium diffuses inward.

D  Voltage-gated calcium ion channels open and calcium diffuses inward.

E  Terminal vessels migrate to the plasma membrane.

A  voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open, and sodium ions to diffuse into the cell

B  voltage-gated calcium ion channels to open, and calcium ions to diffuse into the cell

C  acetylcholine to diffuse into the cell

D  ligand-gated sodium channels to open, and sodium ions to diffuse out of the cell

E  voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open, and sodium ions to diffuse out of the cell

A  LTP

B  EPSP

C  IPSP

D  NMDA

A  presynaptic inhibition

B  excitotoxicity

C  long-term depression

D  long-term potentiation

A  ATP

B  Endogenous opioids

C  Neuropeptide Y

D  Carbon monoxide

A  Nitric oxide

B  Carbon monoxide

C  ATP

D  Neuropeptide Y

A  Carbon monoxide

B  Neuropeptide Y

C  ATP

D  Nitric oxide

A  Nitric oxide

B  Endogenous opioids

C  ATP

D  Endocannabinoids

A  ATP

B  Carbon monoxide

C  Endogenous opioids

D  Neuropeptide Y

A  Endocannabinoids

B  Endogenous opioids

C  Carbon monoxide

D  ATP

A  It binds to sodium channels on the postsynaptic cell.

B  It blocks muscarinic receptors.

C  It catalyzes reformation of ACh.

D  It catalyzes hydrolysis of ACh to remove it from the synaptic cleft.

A  Autonomic ganglia

B  Skeletal muscle

C  Specific regions of the brain

D  Skeletal muscle, Autonomic ganglia, and Specific regions of the brain

A  Desmosomes

B  Tight junctions

C  Gap junctions

D  Microvilli

A  Induce tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells,produce enzymes to destroy toxic substances and produce carrier proteins and ion channels

B  Produce enzymes to destroy toxic substances

C  Induce tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells

D  Produce carrier proteins and ion channels

A  Astrocytes

B  Ependymal cells

C  Schwann cells

D  Microglia

E  Oligodendrocytes

A  neurons in the CNS lack Schwann cells, which play a major role in axon regeneration

B  inhibitory proteins in the PNS will prevent axons in his hand from ever regenerating

C  he is an adult, and CNS neurons can only regenerate in childhood

D  astrocytes that surround the CNS axons do not have enough myelin for regeneration

A  Nodes of Ranvier

B  Neurilemma

C  Sheath of Schwann

D  Both neurilemma and sheath of Schwann are correct.

E  Myelin