Reading Quiz 1

A  If everyone thinks of the well-being of the majority we will have an ideal society 

B  We can never have an ideally happy society if happiness is at the expense of the suffering of a silent minority 

C  Ideal society would be possible only if all citizens were genuinely religious 

D  There is a contstant battle between good and evil and good will eventually win

A  Bentham is a Supernaturalist but Mill is a Utilitarian 

B  Bentham thinks minority rights are equally important but Mill does not 

C  Bentham’s Utilitarianism believes pleasure is pleasure, but Mill thinks “higher pleasure” is the main goal

D  There is no difference, both of them agree on the “pleasure” concept similarly 

A  Utilitarianism cannot be right, because it creates serious ethical problems for “individual rights”

B  Utilitarianism can be right if we consider its usefulness in the long run 

C  Each society should decide for itself what is right and what is wrong

D  “Usefulness for the majority” principle is perhaps the most reasonable ethical theory 

A  Morality should be based on the “Divine Command” concept only 

B  Moral feelings are not scientific and therefore invalid and meaningless emotional expressions 

C  Ethical decision can also be based on one’s “gut feeling” 

D  Motivation is the main driving force for morality 

A  Supernaturalist 

B  Idealist 

C  Moral Subjectivist 

D  Moral Objectivist 

A  Chomsky’s theory is about human language being a non existent and meaningless thing, because it cannot be proven scientifically    

B  Religious Language has been developed throughout the human evolution 

C  Children learn foreign languages much faster, because of certain chemicals in their brain 

D  Morality, Ethics and the Concept of Language may be “built in” in humans which goes beyond science 

A  Religious claims are absolutely valid and should be taken seriously along with scientific discoveries 

B  Only scientific, provable and testable data is valid and religion should be disregarded as superstition 

C  The author takes a balanced view and believes that religious experience, although not scientifically accurate, is an important contribution to human ethics and self-awareness. 

D  Religions are usually outdated, superstitious and often hateful, therefore the only solution is to find the best religion which is accurate and valid

A  People lost their sense of “sameness” and “collective identity” with their tribe and death became a personal and cruel problem  

B  “City civilizations” created environmental crisis and people lost their religion and became more secular 

C  People became more individualistic and the “divine” became more democratic and available for all

D  The author does not believe that “city civilizations” affected the religious worldview in any way

A  It states that negative thinking can create bad karma 

B  Religious Language often criticizes people too harshly for their shortcomings 

C  Often Religious Language describes the divine not “what it is like” but “what it is not”

D  Unfortunately, obscurity of Religious Language has created significant misfortune 

A  Is outdated and if modernized, everyone would clearly and completely understand the message

B  Is full of metaphors and allegories, because it tries to explain the inexplicable 

C  Is Utilitarian and tries to produce maximum usefulness for the majority 

D  Is confusing and therefore religions need to simplify it to reach people more effectively