Midterm Exam 2

A  The term clinal variation is another term for race or subspecies.

B  Most genetic traits sort people into a fixed number of race categories. Clines do not sort people this way but are rare.

C  The cline is the scale against which variation is measured, from which we can derive the number of distinct races in a region.

D  Most traits are not bounded by supposed “racial” boundaries but rather vary between two points.

A  use of material culture to make living possible in certain settings.

B  study of populations in their natural environments.

C  replication of environmental conditions and human responses to those conditions.

D  functioning of all levels of any organism’s biology.

A  Eocene primates had a smaller brain.

B  Eocene primates lacked a postorbital bar.

C  Eocene primates had a decreased reliance on vision.

D  Eocene primates had opposable digits.

A  North American ancestors migrated south, evolving into platyrrhines.

B  Ancestors crossed the Atlantic from Europe to South America.

C  African ancestors reached South America by using the Bering Strait between Asia and North America.

D  Platyrrhines and catarrhines evolved together from the same lineage in North America.

A  Apidium.

B  Parapithecus.

C  Oligopithecus.

D  Aegyptopithecus.

A  extinction of many primate species.

B  development of Dryopithecus.

C  spread of Sivapithecus.

D  adaptive radiation of Euprimates.

A  4.6; 3.5

B  12; 3.6

C  3.4; 2.5

D  7; 5.2

A  cryptozoology.

B  taphonomy.

C  forensic biology.

D  archaeology.

A  electron spin resonance dating

B  radiopotassium dating

C  radiocarbon dating

D  amino acid dating

A  radiopotassium dating.

B  dendrochronology.

C  flourine dating.

D  radiocarbon dating.

A  geology

B  taphonomy

C  fossilization

D  paleontology

A  amino acid dating

B  cultural dating

C  fission-track dating

D  tree ring dating

A  the fact that sexual dimorphism is not related to social structure in gibbons

B  decreased competition for mates in a monogamous social structure

C  unequal access to resources within their environment

D  the polygamous social structure in gibbons

A  forming long-term cooperative relationships with multiple females.

B  conducting infanticide and fighting other males for dominance.

C  bringing females a courtship gift such as fruit or a small mammal.

D  identifying their own rank, based on age, and waiting until reaching a certain age to approach females.

A  Greater female rank results in reproduction at an older age.

B  Males compete with each other for resources for their young.

C  Males compete with each other for mates, affecting their sexual dimorphism.

D  Females often practice infanticide.

A  the competition for resources to access females.

B  natural selection in one sex caused by a trait’s attractiveness to members of the opposite sex.

C  the physical competition for access to females.

D  selection of males by females on the basis of disposition, physical appearance, and hierarchical position.

A  one adult male, several adult females, and their offspring.

B  one adult female, several adult males, and their offspring.

C  one adult male, one adult female, and their offspring.

D  several adult males and no adult females.

A  the development of alliances between females

B  bonding between two members of a social group, calming or appeasing the primate being groomed if he or she has a higher dominance

C  bonding between individuals of the same rank, picking through the skin and hair of another individual

D  the development of alliances between males

A  bushbucks.

B  red colobus monkeys.

C  baboons.

D  bushpigs.

A  2/1/3/3

B  2/2/2/3

C  2/1/2/3

D  2/2/3/3

A  tarsiers, monkeys, and apes only

B  African and Asian apes only

C  monkeys and apes, including humans

D  lemurs, lorises, galagos, and tarsiers

A  all of the primates of Madagascar

B  all of the African primates

C  diurnal and nocturnal galagos

D  all of the New World primates

A  an expanded reliance on sense of smell.

B  a precision grip.

C  short digits.

D  opposable thumbs.

A  a snout, downward-facing nostrils, and longer forelimbs than hind limbs

B  a wet nose, a snout, downward-facing nostrils, and longer hind limbs than forelimbs

C  a wet nose, a snout, a tooth comb, and a grooming claw

D  a tooth comb, a grooming claw, and a downward facing foramen magnum