Midterm Exam

A  Emile Durkheim

B  Max Weber

C  Donald Black

D  Karl Marx

A  Any of these can be used with an interval variable.

B  Means are most appropriate for ordinal variables.

C  Medians are most appropriate for interval variables.

D  Standard deviation is most appropriate for nominal variables.

A  major cities

B  newspapers

C  editorials

D  grade inflation

A  a small population centered in one area

B  a large population scattered across a wide geographic area

C  a large population centered in one area

D  a small population scattered across a wide geographic area

A  A table of random numbers.

B  A table of random events.

C  A table of random incidents.

D  A random number of tables.

A  always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population.

B  excludes the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.

C  requires the use of a complete sampling frame.

D  should never be used under any circumstances.

A  strafied sampling

B  cluster sampling

C  systematic random sampling

D  simple random sampling

A  cluster sampling

B  simple random sampling

C  quota sampling

D  stratified sampling

A  Non-probability, because there is no sampling frame.

B  Probability, because that’s always the best.

C  Probability, because there is no sampling frame.

D  Non-probability, because that’s always the best.

A  the sampling error

B  the sampling frame

C  the main cluster

D  the sample

A  Guttman scales

B  Thurstone scales

C  Likert scales

D  none of the above

A  Likert Scale

B  semantic differential scale

C  Guttman scale

D  Thurstone scale

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Each item should have face validity.

B  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.

C  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.
A composite measure should be unidimensional.
Each item should have face validity.

D  A composite measure should be unidimensional.; and Each item should have face validity.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  personal attribute effect

B  sleeper effects

C  sensitization

D  Hawthorne effect

A  Codebooks should be firm, and not allowed to evolve over time.

B  Codes should capture as much detail as possible, at least initially.

C  You could use established codes or generate your own.

D  Coding schemes should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts examined.

A  construct

B  criterion

C  content

D  face

A  test-retest method

B  using established measures

C  split-half method

D  Cronbach’s alpha

A  personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

B  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity, typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences, and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

C  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity

D  typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

A  truth

B  precision

C  validity

D  reliability

A  trend study

B  cohort study

C  cross-sectional study

D  panel study

A  richer in meaning

B  less explicit

C  easier to aggregate

D  less reliable

A  abstract

B  variable

C  observable

D  measurable

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  statistical analysis

B  data processing

C  choice of observation method

D  sampling procedures

A  evaluation

B  explanation

C  exploration

D  description

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  originality

B  simplicity

C  testability

D  generality

A  value judgement

B  bivariate conceptualization

C  hypothesis

D  theory

A  deductive and inductive

B  deductive

C  inductive

D  none of the above

A  Hawthorne effect

B  ecological fallacy

C  overgeneralization

D  illogical reasoning

A  positivism

B  post-modernism

C  realism

D  empricism

A  positivism

B  post-modernism

C  realism

D  empiricism

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  audience appeal

B  ability to capture absolute truth about reality

C  systematic reduction of bias

D  clear criteria for evaluation

A  tradition

B  tradition, intuition, and mysticism

C  intuition and mysticism