Midterm Exam

A  Emile Durkheim

B  Max Weber

C  Donald Black

D  Karl Marx

A  Any of these can be used with an interval variable.

B  Means are most appropriate for ordinal variables.

C  Standard deviation is most appropriate for nominal variables.

D  Medians are most appropriate for interval variables.

A  newspapers

B  major cities

C  grade inflation

D  editorials

A  a small population centered in one area

B  a small population scattered across a wide geographic area

C  a large population centered in one area

D  a large population scattered across a wide geographic area

A  A table of random numbers.

B  A random number of tables.

C  A table of random incidents.

D  A table of random events.

A  requires the use of a complete sampling frame.

B  excludes the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.

C  always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population.

D  should never be used under any circumstances.

A  cluster sampling

B  strafied sampling

C  simple random sampling

D  systematic random sampling

A  cluster sampling

B  quota sampling

C  simple random sampling

D  stratified sampling

A  Non-probability, because that’s always the best.

B  Probability, because that’s always the best.

C  Non-probability, because there is no sampling frame.

D  Probability, because there is no sampling frame.

A  the sampling error

B  the sample

C  the main cluster

D  the sampling frame

A  Thurstone scales

B  Likert scales

C  Guttman scales

D  none of the above

A  Guttman scale

B  semantic differential scale

C  Thurstone scale

D  Likert Scale

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.
A composite measure should be unidimensional.
Each item should have face validity.

B  Each item should have face validity.

C  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.

D  A composite measure should be unidimensional.; and Each item should have face validity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  sleeper effects

B  Hawthorne effect

C  personal attribute effect

D  sensitization

A  Coding schemes should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts examined.

B  Codes should capture as much detail as possible, at least initially.

C  You could use established codes or generate your own.

D  Codebooks should be firm, and not allowed to evolve over time.

A  criterion

B  face

C  content

D  construct

A  split-half method

B  Cronbach’s alpha

C  test-retest method

D  using established measures

A  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity

B  personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

C  typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

D  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity, typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences, and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

A  precision

B  reliability

C  validity

D  truth

A  trend study

B  panel study

C  cross-sectional study

D  cohort study

A  richer in meaning

B  less explicit

C  easier to aggregate

D  less reliable

A  observable

B  variable

C  measurable

D  abstract

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  sampling procedures

B  statistical analysis

C  data processing

D  choice of observation method

A  evaluation

B  exploration

C  explanation

D  description

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  simplicity

B  originality

C  generality

D  testability

A  bivariate conceptualization

B  value judgement

C  hypothesis

D  theory

A  deductive

B  deductive and inductive

C  inductive

D  none of the above

A  illogical reasoning

B  Hawthorne effect

C  ecological fallacy

D  overgeneralization

A  positivism

B  realism

C  empricism

D  post-modernism

A  positivism

B  empiricism

C  realism

D  post-modernism

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  clear criteria for evaluation

B  systematic reduction of bias

C  audience appeal

D  ability to capture absolute truth about reality

A  intuition and mysticism

B  tradition

C  tradition, intuition, and mysticism