Midterm Exam

A  Karl Marx

B  Donald Black

C  Emile Durkheim

D  Max Weber

A  Any of these can be used with an interval variable.

B  Means are most appropriate for ordinal variables.

C  Medians are most appropriate for interval variables.

D  Standard deviation is most appropriate for nominal variables.

A  editorials

B  newspapers

C  major cities

D  grade inflation

A  a large population centered in one area

B  a small population centered in one area

C  a large population scattered across a wide geographic area

D  a small population scattered across a wide geographic area

A  A random number of tables.

B  A table of random incidents.

C  A table of random events.

D  A table of random numbers.

A  excludes the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.

B  requires the use of a complete sampling frame.

C  should never be used under any circumstances.

D  always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population.

A  simple random sampling

B  cluster sampling

C  systematic random sampling

D  strafied sampling

A  simple random sampling

B  stratified sampling

C  quota sampling

D  cluster sampling

A  Non-probability, because that’s always the best.

B  Non-probability, because there is no sampling frame.

C  Probability, because that’s always the best.

D  Probability, because there is no sampling frame.

A  the sampling frame

B  the sampling error

C  the main cluster

D  the sample

A  Thurstone scales

B  Likert scales

C  Guttman scales

D  none of the above

A  Likert Scale

B  Guttman scale

C  Thurstone scale

D  semantic differential scale

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.
A composite measure should be unidimensional.
Each item should have face validity.

B  A composite measure should be unidimensional.; and Each item should have face validity.

C  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.

D  Each item should have face validity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  sensitization

B  sleeper effects

C  Hawthorne effect

D  personal attribute effect

A  Codebooks should be firm, and not allowed to evolve over time.

B  You could use established codes or generate your own.

C  Codes should capture as much detail as possible, at least initially.

D  Coding schemes should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts examined.

A  construct

B  criterion

C  face

D  content

A  using established measures

B  test-retest method

C  Cronbach’s alpha

D  split-half method

A  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity, typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences, and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

B  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity

C  typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

D  personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

A  truth

B  validity

C  reliability

D  precision

A  panel study

B  cross-sectional study

C  trend study

D  cohort study

A  easier to aggregate

B  less explicit

C  less reliable

D  richer in meaning

A  abstract

B  variable

C  measurable

D  observable

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  data processing

B  choice of observation method

C  statistical analysis

D  sampling procedures

A  explanation

B  exploration

C  evaluation

D  description

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  simplicity

B  originality

C  generality

D  testability

A  hypothesis

B  bivariate conceptualization

C  theory

D  value judgement

A  inductive

B  deductive

C  deductive and inductive

D  none of the above

A  Hawthorne effect

B  ecological fallacy

C  illogical reasoning

D  overgeneralization

A  positivism

B  post-modernism

C  realism

D  empricism

A  post-modernism

B  realism

C  positivism

D  empiricism

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  clear criteria for evaluation

B  ability to capture absolute truth about reality

C  audience appeal

D  systematic reduction of bias

A  tradition, intuition, and mysticism

B  intuition and mysticism

C  tradition