Midterm Exam

A  Karl Marx

B  Donald Black

C  Emile Durkheim

D  Max Weber

A  Means are most appropriate for ordinal variables.

B  Any of these can be used with an interval variable.

C  Medians are most appropriate for interval variables.

D  Standard deviation is most appropriate for nominal variables.

A  grade inflation

B  editorials

C  newspapers

D  major cities

A  a large population scattered across a wide geographic area

B  a large population centered in one area

C  a small population scattered across a wide geographic area

D  a small population centered in one area

A  A table of random numbers.

B  A table of random events.

C  A random number of tables.

D  A table of random incidents.

A  requires the use of a complete sampling frame.

B  should never be used under any circumstances.

C  always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population.

D  excludes the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.

A  simple random sampling

B  cluster sampling

C  systematic random sampling

D  strafied sampling

A  quota sampling

B  simple random sampling

C  cluster sampling

D  stratified sampling

A  Probability, because there is no sampling frame.

B  Probability, because that’s always the best.

C  Non-probability, because that’s always the best.

D  Non-probability, because there is no sampling frame.

A  the main cluster

B  the sampling frame

C  the sampling error

D  the sample

A  Thurstone scales

B  Guttman scales

C  Likert scales

D  none of the above

A  Likert Scale

B  Thurstone scale

C  Guttman scale

D  semantic differential scale

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.

B  A composite measure should be unidimensional.; and Each item should have face validity.

C  Each item should have face validity.

D  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.
A composite measure should be unidimensional.
Each item should have face validity.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  sensitization

B  Hawthorne effect

C  sleeper effects

D  personal attribute effect

A  Coding schemes should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts examined.

B  Codebooks should be firm, and not allowed to evolve over time.

C  Codes should capture as much detail as possible, at least initially.

D  You could use established codes or generate your own.

A  construct

B  face

C  content

D  criterion

A  split-half method

B  using established measures

C  test-retest method

D  Cronbach’s alpha

A  personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

B  typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

C  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity, typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences, and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

D  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity

A  reliability

B  precision

C  truth

D  validity

A  trend study

B  cohort study

C  cross-sectional study

D  panel study

A  less reliable

B  richer in meaning

C  easier to aggregate

D  less explicit

A  variable

B  abstract

C  measurable

D  observable

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  sampling procedures

B  choice of observation method

C  data processing

D  statistical analysis

A  description

B  explanation

C  evaluation

D  exploration

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  simplicity

B  generality

C  testability

D  originality

A  bivariate conceptualization

B  hypothesis

C  theory

D  value judgement

A  inductive

B  deductive

C  deductive and inductive

D  none of the above

A  Hawthorne effect

B  overgeneralization

C  ecological fallacy

D  illogical reasoning

A  empricism

B  realism

C  positivism

D  post-modernism

A  empiricism

B  post-modernism

C  positivism

D  realism

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  systematic reduction of bias

B  clear criteria for evaluation

C  audience appeal

D  ability to capture absolute truth about reality

A  intuition and mysticism

B  tradition, intuition, and mysticism

C  tradition