Midterm Exam

A  Karl Marx

B  Max Weber

C  Emile Durkheim

D  Donald Black

A  Standard deviation is most appropriate for nominal variables.

B  Any of these can be used with an interval variable.

C  Means are most appropriate for ordinal variables.

D  Medians are most appropriate for interval variables.

A  editorials

B  newspapers

C  grade inflation

D  major cities

A  a small population centered in one area

B  a large population centered in one area

C  a large population scattered across a wide geographic area

D  a small population scattered across a wide geographic area

A  A table of random numbers.

B  A table of random incidents.

C  A random number of tables.

D  A table of random events.

A  requires the use of a complete sampling frame.

B  should never be used under any circumstances.

C  always produces samples that possess distorted characteristics relative to the population.

D  excludes the use of statistical theory to estimate the probability of correct inferences.

A  cluster sampling

B  systematic random sampling

C  strafied sampling

D  simple random sampling

A  cluster sampling

B  simple random sampling

C  quota sampling

D  stratified sampling

A  Probability, because that’s always the best.

B  Non-probability, because there is no sampling frame.

C  Non-probability, because that’s always the best.

D  Probability, because there is no sampling frame.

A  the sample

B  the main cluster

C  the sampling frame

D  the sampling error

A  Guttman scales

B  Likert scales

C  Thurstone scales

D  none of the above

A  Thurstone scale

B  Likert Scale

C  semantic differential scale

D  Guttman scale

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.

B  A composite measure should be unidimensional.; and Each item should have face validity.

C  Each item should have face validity.

D  There should be concern about the amount of variance provided by the items.
A composite measure should be unidimensional.
Each item should have face validity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  sleeper effects

B  sensitization

C  personal attribute effect

D  Hawthorne effect

A  Codes should capture as much detail as possible, at least initially.

B  Coding schemes should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts examined.

C  You could use established codes or generate your own.

D  Codebooks should be firm, and not allowed to evolve over time.

A  content

B  construct

C  criterion

D  face

A  test-retest method

B  split-half method

C  using established measures

D  Cronbach’s alpha

A  typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

B  personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

C  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity

D  reliability and replicability problems raise questions about objectivity, typically small samples mean that there is a problem with inferences, and personal and personnel differences introduce problems with reliability

A  precision

B  validity

C  reliability

D  truth

A  trend study

B  cross-sectional study

C  cohort study

D  panel study

A  easier to aggregate

B  less reliable

C  richer in meaning

D  less explicit

A  abstract

B  measurable

C  variable

D  observable

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  statistical analysis

B  sampling procedures

C  choice of observation method

D  data processing

A  description

B  explanation

C  evaluation

D  exploration

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  generality

B  testability

C  simplicity

D  originality

A  theory

B  value judgement

C  bivariate conceptualization

D  hypothesis

A  deductive and inductive

B  deductive

C  inductive

D  none of the above

A  illogical reasoning

B  ecological fallacy

C  overgeneralization

D  Hawthorne effect

A  empricism

B  positivism

C  realism

D  post-modernism

A  empiricism

B  post-modernism

C  positivism

D  realism

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  ability to capture absolute truth about reality

B  audience appeal

C  systematic reduction of bias

D  clear criteria for evaluation

A  tradition, intuition, and mysticism

B  tradition

C  intuition and mysticism