Chapter 6 Quiz

A  regulating gene expression

B  serving as antibodies

C  maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

D  maintaining acid-base balance

E  providing an unlimited supply of energy

A  I, II, IV, and V

B  I, III, and IV only

C  I, III, IV, and V

D  I and V only

A  Yes; Taking amino acid supplements helps keep the digestive system from overworking while you recover from illness.

B  No; Extra carbohydrate and fat, but not extra protein, are needed for recovery from illness.

C  No; Whole protein is better handled by the digestive system and will promote muscle mass gain better than amino acid supplements.

D  Yes; Amino acid supplements are an excellent way to quickly provide energy to muscles for rebuilding.

E  Yes; But, one should also do plenty of exercise to promote muscle regain.

A  a vegan

B  a lacto-ovo vegetarian

C  a carnivore

D  an omnivore

E  a pregnant woman

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The gluten-free diet will help relieve any digestive symptoms she may have.

B  Gluten-free weight-loss diets offer no advantages over other low-calorie diets.

C  Even if she does not have celiac disease, she will benefit from removing gluten from her diet.

D  Gluten-free diets are useful because they also help prevent cancer.

E  She should be successful because it is an excellent way to lose weight.

A  fertilizer

B  UV light

C  genetic modification

D  bacteria

E  crop rotation

A  RNA

B  DNA

A  It provides more antioxidant nutrients and fiber.

B  It provides more phytochemicals.

C  It provides more saturated fat.

D  It reduces the risk of cancer.

E  It promotes a leaner body type.

A  black beans

B  peanuts

C  eggs

D  peppers

E  pasta

A  It is used to make the brown pigment melanin.

B  It is a precursor of vitamin C.

C  It is used to make the neurotransmitter serotonin.

D  It is converted into the hormone insulin.

E  It is used to make the vitamin niacin.

A  Cells in the small intestine possess different sites for absorbing different types of amino acids, which causes competition among amino acids at the absorption sites.

B  Amino acids need a carrier in the bloodstream because they do not transport very well alone.

C  Protein digestion and absorption require some form of carbohydrate.

D  Larger peptide molecules must be completely broken down into amino acids to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestine.

E  Proteins are broken down into individual amino acids and absorbed by all intestinal cells at an equal rate.

A  annual replacement of old cells with new protein that has entered the body in food

B  conversion of half the protein we eat to glucose for energy

C  excretion of intracellular working proteins as old cells wear out

D  loss of amino acids by excretion through the kidneys when cells die

E  use of amino acids that have been conserved from the breakdown of old cells

A  almonds

B  eggs

C  margarine

D  flaxseeds

E  kidney beans

A  negative nitrogen balance

B  impaired brain and kidney function

C  a weakened immune system

D  increased nutrient absorption from the digestive tract

E  slow growth in children

A  blood stream

B  small intestines

C  stomach

D  mouth

A  antibodies

B  insulin

C  collagen

D  glycogen

A  freezing

B  radiation

C  heat

D  mercury

E  stomach

A  acid group

B  amino group

C  carbon bond

D  side chain

E  backbone

A  vitamin C

B  Iron

C  zinc

D  phytochemicals

E  B12