Examination 2

A  class warfare.

B  structural mobility.

C  status consistency.

D  upward mobility.

E  social control.

A  A college campus with students who are very competitive.

B  A neighborhood with mostly elderly people.

C  A city with a large minority population.

D  A community where neighbors don’t know each other very well.True

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  dysfunctional in most societies.

B  a published list of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.

C  a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

D  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

A  conformity.

B  instrumental leadership.

C  groupthink.

D  bureaucracy.

A  A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not.

B  A hate crime is based on the victim’s son’s race, religion, or other characteristics.

C  A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not.

D  A hate crime never involves physical violence to the victim..

A  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

B  a violation of established norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law

C  social rewards for the violation of norms.

D  the act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

A  a social network.

B  social capital.

C  a voluntary organization.

D  a bureaucracy.

A  Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS.

B  Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

C  Ed being given a “Teacher of the Year” award for her work as a high school English teacher.

D  Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

A  65 years old or older.

B  children under 18 years old.

C  18 to 64 years old.

D  single mothers.

A  a large group moves up or down due to societal change.

B  a member of a family belongs to a different social class than his/her/xir siblings.

C  an individual moves down the social class ladder.

D  an individual moves up the social class ladder.

A  when a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others.

B  when negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek better behavioral choices.

C  when positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society’s expectations.

D  when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

A  is committed by higher-status people.

B  usually causes more economic damage.

C  usually is more sophisticated.

D  is more likely to be violent.

E  involves more people.

A  rebel.

B  innovator.

C  ritualist.

D  retreatist.

E  conformist.

A  Differential association.

B  Symbolic interactionist.

C  Conflict.

D  Functionalist.

A  credit card populism.

B  popular consumption.

C  designer consumerism.

D  conspicuous consumption.

A  that economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States.

B  that people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself.

C  that the more society values a particular profession, the more money the people in that profession will make.

D  that Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.

A  not determined solely by economics but influenced also by social and political actors.

B  defined correctly according to Karl Marx.

C  determined almost entirely by religious factors.

D  influenced almost solely by economic factors.

A  evolutionary perspective.

B  anomic perspective.

C  interactionist perspective.

D  functionalist perspective.

E  conflict perspective.

A  the movement of people from one social position to another in the stratification system.

B  a person’s social location based on all three dimensions of the stratification system.

C  the ranking of people into a hierarchy in which resources considered valuable are unequally distributed.

D  the movement to a higher position in the stratification hierarchy in contrast to the  position of one’s parents.

A  modern societies only.

B  formal organizations only.

C  caste-based societies only.

D  all societies.

E  societies of moderate size only.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Conflict theory.

B  Labeling theory.

C  Strain theory.

D  Control theory.

E  Differential association theory.

A  a secondary group.

B  a “hipster” culture.

C  none of these.

D  a crime syndicate.

E  a subculture.

A  reference group

B  primary group

C  instrumental leaders

D  out-group

A  social network

B  in-group

C  primary group

D  secondary group

A  secondary group

B  out-group

C  in-group.

D  reference group.

A  the obesity epidemic that’s rapidly sweeping the United States.

B  the country’s increasing dependence on fast food for daily meals.

C  the increaing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths all over the world.

D  the increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions

A  is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

B  plays a musical instrument.

C  rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.

D  relies on degradation ceremonies.

E  promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported

A  Explicit rules .

B  Clear division of labor .

C  Personality-based promotion.

D  Impersonality.

A  out-group

B  aggregate

C  dyad

D  reference group

E  in-group

A  the idea that development/socialization occurs in a sequence of stages

B  the idea that successful socialization occurs only in two-parent families

C  the belief that ideas about sex and gender roles are innate—we are born with them.

D  an emphasis on nature, rather than nurture

A  agents of socialization

B  morality of justice

C  the looking-glass self

D  generalized other

E  morality of care

A  generalized other

B  morality of care

C  morality of justice

D  code of the west

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent

B  Following a schedule.

C  Learning to read and write.

D  Knowing locker room etiquette.

A  Gender.

B  Social class.

C  Blood type.

D  Race/ethnicity.

A  Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

B  Freud’s theory of self-development.

C  George Herbert Mead’s theory of self-development.

D  Nature vs. Nurture.

A  Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey”.

B  Encouraging Vicki to wear pants to school.

C  Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.

D  Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

A  impression management.

B    

C  a degradation ceremony

D  a counterculture.

E  an entry test that must be passed

F  class consciousness

A  they provide the only major socialization experience outside the realm of their families

B  they help young individuals develop a sense of identity separate from their parents

C  they protect adolescents from peer pressure

D  their influence is higher in importance than the influence of parents

A  the hidden curriculum

B  moral reasoning

C  anticipatory socialization

D  the looking-glass self

E  the sociological imagination