Examination 2

A  class warfare.

B  social control.

C  upward mobility.

D  structural mobility.

E  status consistency.

A  A city with a large minority population.

B  A college campus with students who are very competitive.

C  A community where neighbors don’t know each other very well.True

D  A neighborhood with mostly elderly people.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

B  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

C  dysfunctional in most societies.

D  a published list of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.

A  conformity.

B  instrumental leadership.

C  groupthink.

D  bureaucracy.

A  A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not.

B  A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not.

C  A hate crime is based on the victim’s son’s race, religion, or other characteristics.

D  A hate crime never involves physical violence to the victim..

A  social rewards for the violation of norms.

B  the act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

C  a violation of established norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law

D  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

A  a bureaucracy.

B  a social network.

C  social capital.

D  a voluntary organization.

A  Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

B  Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

C  Ed being given a “Teacher of the Year” award for her work as a high school English teacher.

D  Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS.

A  single mothers.

B  65 years old or older.

C  18 to 64 years old.

D  children under 18 years old.

A  a large group moves up or down due to societal change.

B  a member of a family belongs to a different social class than his/her/xir siblings.

C  an individual moves up the social class ladder.

D  an individual moves down the social class ladder.

A  when negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek better behavioral choices.

B  when positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society’s expectations.

C  when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

D  when a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others.

A  usually is more sophisticated.

B  involves more people.

C  is committed by higher-status people.

D  is more likely to be violent.

E  usually causes more economic damage.

A  rebel.

B  ritualist.

C  innovator.

D  retreatist.

E  conformist.

A  Differential association.

B  Symbolic interactionist.

C  Conflict.

D  Functionalist.

A  designer consumerism.

B  popular consumption.

C  conspicuous consumption.

D  credit card populism.

A  that economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States.

B  that people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself.

C  that the more society values a particular profession, the more money the people in that profession will make.

D  that Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.

A  defined correctly according to Karl Marx.

B  influenced almost solely by economic factors.

C  determined almost entirely by religious factors.

D  not determined solely by economics but influenced also by social and political actors.

A  interactionist perspective.

B  conflict perspective.

C  evolutionary perspective.

D  anomic perspective.

E  functionalist perspective.

A  the movement of people from one social position to another in the stratification system.

B  the ranking of people into a hierarchy in which resources considered valuable are unequally distributed.

C  a person’s social location based on all three dimensions of the stratification system.

D  the movement to a higher position in the stratification hierarchy in contrast to the  position of one’s parents.

A  caste-based societies only.

B  societies of moderate size only.

C  all societies.

D  formal organizations only.

E  modern societies only.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Conflict theory.

B  Labeling theory.

C  Differential association theory.

D  Control theory.

E  Strain theory.

A  a subculture.

B  a crime syndicate.

C  none of these.

D  a secondary group.

E  a “hipster” culture.

A  primary group

B  out-group

C  instrumental leaders

D  reference group

A  social network

B  in-group

C  primary group

D  secondary group

A  in-group.

B  reference group.

C  out-group

D  secondary group

A  the obesity epidemic that’s rapidly sweeping the United States.

B  the increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions

C  the country’s increasing dependence on fast food for daily meals.

D  the increaing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths all over the world.

A  is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

B  relies on degradation ceremonies.

C  rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.

D  promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported

E  plays a musical instrument.

A  Explicit rules .

B  Impersonality.

C  Personality-based promotion.

D  Clear division of labor .

A  dyad

B  aggregate

C  in-group

D  reference group

E  out-group

A  the idea that successful socialization occurs only in two-parent families

B  an emphasis on nature, rather than nurture

C  the belief that ideas about sex and gender roles are innate—we are born with them.

D  the idea that development/socialization occurs in a sequence of stages

A  the looking-glass self

B  agents of socialization

C  morality of care

D  morality of justice

E  generalized other

A  generalized other

B  morality of care

C  code of the west

D  morality of justice

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Following a schedule.

B  Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent

C  Knowing locker room etiquette.

D  Learning to read and write.

A  Blood type.

B  Social class.

C  Gender.

D  Race/ethnicity.

A  Nature vs. Nurture.

B  Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

C  George Herbert Mead’s theory of self-development.

D  Freud’s theory of self-development.

A  Encouraging Vicki to wear pants to school.

B  Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

C  Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.

D  Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey”.

A  class consciousness

B    

C  a counterculture.

D  a degradation ceremony

E  impression management.

F  an entry test that must be passed

A  they help young individuals develop a sense of identity separate from their parents

B  they provide the only major socialization experience outside the realm of their families

C  they protect adolescents from peer pressure

D  their influence is higher in importance than the influence of parents

A  anticipatory socialization

B  the looking-glass self

C  the hidden curriculum

D  the sociological imagination

E  moral reasoning