Examination 2

A  social control.

B  status consistency.

C  class warfare.

D  structural mobility.

E  upward mobility.

A  A college campus with students who are very competitive.

B  A community where neighbors don’t know each other very well.True

C  A city with a large minority population.

D  A neighborhood with mostly elderly people.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  dysfunctional in most societies.

B  a published list of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.

C  a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

D  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

A  bureaucracy.

B  groupthink.

C  instrumental leadership.

D  conformity.

A  A hate crime never involves physical violence to the victim..

B  A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not.

C  A hate crime is based on the victim’s son’s race, religion, or other characteristics.

D  A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not.

A  the act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

B  social rewards for the violation of norms.

C  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

D  a violation of established norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law

A  social capital.

B  a bureaucracy.

C  a voluntary organization.

D  a social network.

A  Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS.

B  Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

C  Ed being given a “Teacher of the Year” award for her work as a high school English teacher.

D  Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

A  18 to 64 years old.

B  children under 18 years old.

C  65 years old or older.

D  single mothers.

A  an individual moves down the social class ladder.

B  a large group moves up or down due to societal change.

C  a member of a family belongs to a different social class than his/her/xir siblings.

D  an individual moves up the social class ladder.

A  when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

B  when negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek better behavioral choices.

C  when a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others.

D  when positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society’s expectations.

A  usually causes more economic damage.

B  involves more people.

C  is more likely to be violent.

D  is committed by higher-status people.

E  usually is more sophisticated.

A  ritualist.

B  retreatist.

C  rebel.

D  conformist.

E  innovator.

A  Symbolic interactionist.

B  Conflict.

C  Differential association.

D  Functionalist.

A  conspicuous consumption.

B  credit card populism.

C  popular consumption.

D  designer consumerism.

A  that people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself.

B  that Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.

C  that the more society values a particular profession, the more money the people in that profession will make.

D  that economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States.

A  influenced almost solely by economic factors.

B  determined almost entirely by religious factors.

C  not determined solely by economics but influenced also by social and political actors.

D  defined correctly according to Karl Marx.

A  anomic perspective.

B  functionalist perspective.

C  interactionist perspective.

D  evolutionary perspective.

E  conflict perspective.

A  a person’s social location based on all three dimensions of the stratification system.

B  the ranking of people into a hierarchy in which resources considered valuable are unequally distributed.

C  the movement to a higher position in the stratification hierarchy in contrast to the  position of one’s parents.

D  the movement of people from one social position to another in the stratification system.

A  modern societies only.

B  societies of moderate size only.

C  caste-based societies only.

D  all societies.

E  formal organizations only.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Control theory.

B  Labeling theory.

C  Conflict theory.

D  Strain theory.

E  Differential association theory.

A  a subculture.

B  a crime syndicate.

C  none of these.

D  a “hipster” culture.

E  a secondary group.

A  instrumental leaders

B  out-group

C  primary group

D  reference group

A  in-group

B  secondary group

C  social network

D  primary group

A  secondary group

B  out-group

C  in-group.

D  reference group.

A  the increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions

B  the country’s increasing dependence on fast food for daily meals.

C  the increaing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths all over the world.

D  the obesity epidemic that’s rapidly sweeping the United States.

A  is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

B  promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported

C  rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.

D  plays a musical instrument.

E  relies on degradation ceremonies.

A  Impersonality.

B  Clear division of labor .

C  Personality-based promotion.

D  Explicit rules .

A  reference group

B  dyad

C  out-group

D  in-group

E  aggregate

A  an emphasis on nature, rather than nurture

B  the belief that ideas about sex and gender roles are innate—we are born with them.

C  the idea that successful socialization occurs only in two-parent families

D  the idea that development/socialization occurs in a sequence of stages

A  morality of justice

B  morality of care

C  agents of socialization

D  generalized other

E  the looking-glass self

A  code of the west

B  generalized other

C  morality of care

D  morality of justice

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent

B  Knowing locker room etiquette.

C  Following a schedule.

D  Learning to read and write.

A  Gender.

B  Blood type.

C  Social class.

D  Race/ethnicity.

A  Freud’s theory of self-development.

B  Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

C  Nature vs. Nurture.

D  George Herbert Mead’s theory of self-development.

A  Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey”.

B  Encouraging Vicki to wear pants to school.

C  Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

D  Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.

A  an entry test that must be passed

B  a counterculture.

C  class consciousness

D  impression management.

E    

F  a degradation ceremony

A  they provide the only major socialization experience outside the realm of their families

B  their influence is higher in importance than the influence of parents

C  they protect adolescents from peer pressure

D  they help young individuals develop a sense of identity separate from their parents

A  moral reasoning

B  the sociological imagination

C  anticipatory socialization

D  the looking-glass self

E  the hidden curriculum