Examination 2

A  social control.

B  upward mobility.

C  class warfare.

D  status consistency.

E  structural mobility.

A  A city with a large minority population.

B  A college campus with students who are very competitive.

C  A community where neighbors don’t know each other very well.True

D  A neighborhood with mostly elderly people.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

B  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

C  a published list of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.

D  dysfunctional in most societies.

A  bureaucracy.

B  conformity.

C  instrumental leadership.

D  groupthink.

A  A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not.

B  A hate crime is based on the victim’s son’s race, religion, or other characteristics.

C  A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not.

D  A hate crime never involves physical violence to the victim..

A  the regulation and enforcement of norms.

B  a violation of established norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law

C  the act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

D  social rewards for the violation of norms.

A  a social network.

B  a voluntary organization.

C  social capital.

D  a bureaucracy.

A  Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.

B  Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS.

C  Ed being given a “Teacher of the Year” award for her work as a high school English teacher.

D  Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.

A  children under 18 years old.

B  65 years old or older.

C  single mothers.

D  18 to 64 years old.

A  a large group moves up or down due to societal change.

B  an individual moves down the social class ladder.

C  an individual moves up the social class ladder.

D  a member of a family belongs to a different social class than his/her/xir siblings.

A  when negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek better behavioral choices.

B  when positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society’s expectations.

C  when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

D  when a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others.

A  involves more people.

B  usually causes more economic damage.

C  is more likely to be violent.

D  is committed by higher-status people.

E  usually is more sophisticated.

A  conformist.

B  retreatist.

C  innovator.

D  ritualist.

E  rebel.

A  Functionalist.

B  Conflict.

C  Differential association.

D  Symbolic interactionist.

A  popular consumption.

B  credit card populism.

C  designer consumerism.

D  conspicuous consumption.

A  that the more society values a particular profession, the more money the people in that profession will make.

B  that people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself.

C  that economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States.

D  that Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.

A  defined correctly according to Karl Marx.

B  determined almost entirely by religious factors.

C  influenced almost solely by economic factors.

D  not determined solely by economics but influenced also by social and political actors.

A  conflict perspective.

B  functionalist perspective.

C  evolutionary perspective.

D  anomic perspective.

E  interactionist perspective.

A  the movement of people from one social position to another in the stratification system.

B  the ranking of people into a hierarchy in which resources considered valuable are unequally distributed.

C  a person’s social location based on all three dimensions of the stratification system.

D  the movement to a higher position in the stratification hierarchy in contrast to the  position of one’s parents.

A  all societies.

B  societies of moderate size only.

C  caste-based societies only.

D  modern societies only.

E  formal organizations only.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Conflict theory.

B  Labeling theory.

C  Strain theory.

D  Differential association theory.

E  Control theory.

A  a crime syndicate.

B  a subculture.

C  a secondary group.

D  a “hipster” culture.

E  none of these.

A  instrumental leaders

B  reference group

C  primary group

D  out-group

A  secondary group

B  primary group

C  in-group

D  social network

A  secondary group

B  in-group.

C  out-group

D  reference group.

A  the country’s increasing dependence on fast food for daily meals.

B  the increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions

C  the obesity epidemic that’s rapidly sweeping the United States.

D  the increaing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths all over the world.

A  promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported

B  relies on degradation ceremonies.

C  plays a musical instrument.

D  is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

E  rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.

A  Clear division of labor .

B  Personality-based promotion.

C  Impersonality.

D  Explicit rules .

A  aggregate

B  reference group

C  dyad

D  out-group

E  in-group

A  the belief that ideas about sex and gender roles are innate—we are born with them.

B  the idea that successful socialization occurs only in two-parent families

C  the idea that development/socialization occurs in a sequence of stages

D  an emphasis on nature, rather than nurture

A  morality of justice

B  generalized other

C  the looking-glass self

D  agents of socialization

E  morality of care

A  code of the west

B  morality of justice

C  morality of care

D  generalized other

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Following a schedule.

B  Learning to read and write.

C  Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent

D  Knowing locker room etiquette.

A  Gender.

B  Blood type.

C  Social class.

D  Race/ethnicity.

A  Freud’s theory of self-development.

B  George Herbert Mead’s theory of self-development.

C  Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

D  Nature vs. Nurture.

A  Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey”.

B  Encouraging Vicki to wear pants to school.

C  Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.

D  Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.

A  class consciousness

B    

C  a counterculture.

D  impression management.

E  a degradation ceremony

F  an entry test that must be passed

A  they help young individuals develop a sense of identity separate from their parents

B  their influence is higher in importance than the influence of parents

C  they provide the only major socialization experience outside the realm of their families

D  they protect adolescents from peer pressure

A  anticipatory socialization

B  moral reasoning

C  the hidden curriculum

D  the looking-glass self

E  the sociological imagination