Final Exam

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Question #1

What describes the theoretical direction of Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere?

A 45° to the left of wind direction

B In the same direction as the wind

C 90° to the right of wind direction

D 45° to the right of wind direction

E 90° to the left of wind direction

Question #2

Active margins are also referred to as

A Hot spots

B Atlantic-type margins

C Spreading centers

D Pacific-type margins

E Fracture zones

Question #3

Where on the seafloor would you expect to find the thickest piles of sediment?

A At a mid-ocean ridge

B Along the continental margin

C In a submarine canyon

D Around hot spot volcanoes

E In a deep ocean trench

Question #4

As sediment accumulates in a continental margin, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust behave?

A It will be uplifted

B It will spread out

C It will subside

D It will grow thicker

E It will stay the same

Question #5

Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?

A Few moons

B Perfectly spherical orbit

C Toxic atmosphere

D Low gravity

E Optimum distance from a star

Question #6

Only 10% of the energy is passed along from one trophic level to the next.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #7

El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #8

The seafloor is oldest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #10

An eastern boundary current is slower and colder than a western boundary current.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

In one hour, the Earth rotates through 15 degrees.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #12

Land has a greater heat capacity than water.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #13

The average salinity of the world’s ocean in about 3.5%

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #14

Lines of latitude are parallel to one another.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #15

During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #16

Petroleum most likely formed from which organic substrate?

A Planktonic organisms and bacteria

B Fossilized fish

C Whale falls

D Sea grasses

E Water column debris

Question #17

What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?

A nitrous oxide

B nitrogen

C carbon dioxide

D hydrogen

E oxygen

Question #18

What is an example of symbiosis?

A carrying capacity

B progression

C commensalism

D environmental resistance

E succession

Question #19

Which area is most likely to have the most populous and diverse community of organisms?

A surface of a polar ocean

B surface of temperate ocean

C deep ocean

D cobble beaches

E intertidal zone

Question #20

Which of the following is a ring-shaped island of coral?

A Barrier reef

B Mangrove

C Atoll

D Fringing reef

F Drumlin

Question #21

What type of tidal patterns exists on the west coast of the United States, which receives two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day?

A spring tides

B diurnal tides

C semidiurnal tides

D neap tides

E semidiurnal mixed tides

Question #22

How fast does a wave with wavelength of 20 meters and period of 20 seconds travel?

A 1 meter per second

B 20 meters per second

C 400 meters per second

D 10 meters per second

E There is not enough information to tell

Question #23

An air mass pausing above a warm ocean surface will have what characteristics?

A Cold, dry air with zones of high pressure

B Warm, humid air with zones of low pressure

C Warm, dry air with zones of high pressure

D Warm, humid air with zones of high pressure

E Cold, dry air with zones of low pressure

Question #24

Why can seawater hold many times more carbon dioxide than either nitrogen or oxygen at saturation?

A Carbon dioxide combines chemically with water to form carbonic acid.

B Carbon dioxide is not used in photosynthesis.

C Carbon dioxide is used by plankton for energy

D Carbon dioxide is used in mineral formation.

E Carbon dioxide is more reactive.

Question #25

An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sediment?

A calcareous ooze

B diatomaceous earth

C siliceous ooze

D turbidic sediment

E evaporitic sediment

Question #26

What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?

A Subduction

B Turbidity

C Spreading

D Erosion

E Volcanic eruptions

Question #27

As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust beneath the mountain to behave?

A Subduct

B Stay the same

C Spread out

D Sink

E Rise

Question #28

Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?

A hydrothermal vents

B polar sea ice

C estuarine bays

D dry mountain rocky outcrops

E rainforest sediments

Question #29

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Trenches

A Divergent plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boundary

Question #30

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Seafloor spreading

A Divergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boundary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #31

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Magnetic “stripes” on the seafloor

A Divergent plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boundary

Question #32

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Fracture zones

A Transform plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Divergent plate boundary

Question #33

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Island arc

A Transform plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Divergent plate boundary

Question #34

Which of the following statements about coastal waters is CORRECT?

A Coastal waters are of minor importance for shipping because they traverse the open ocean.

B Coastal waters have limited opportunities for oil production and recreational activities.

C Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean.

D Coastal waters receive land-derived pollutants after they pass through the open ocean.

E Coastal waters only support about 15% of the total mass of life in the oceans.

Question #35

Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?

A Brazil Current

B Gulf Stream

C California Current

D North Atlantic Current

E North Equatorial Current

Question #36

Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?

A A density-driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and salinity.

B West Wind Drift

C The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses.

D An apparent force resulting from Earth’s rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected.

E Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.

Question #37

The strength of a hurricane stems from water’s ________.

A latent heat of sublimation

B latent heat of fusion

C latent heat of deposition

D latent heat of condensation

E latent heat of melting

Question #38

A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________.

A not enough information to tell

B wet and cold

C dry and warm

D dry and cold

E wet and warm

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