Final Exam

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Question #1

What describes the theoretical direction of Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere?

A 45° to the right of wind direction

B In the same direction as the wind

C 45° to the left of wind direction

D 90° to the right of wind direction

E 90° to the left of wind direction

Question #2

Active margins are also referred to as

A Atlantic-type margins

B Pacific-type margins

C Fracture zones

D Spreading centers

E Hot spots

Question #3

Where on the seafloor would you expect to find the thickest piles of sediment?

A In a deep ocean trench

B Along the continental margin

C At a mid-ocean ridge

D In a submarine canyon

E Around hot spot volcanoes

Question #4

As sediment accumulates in a continental margin, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust behave?

A It will grow thicker

B It will spread out

C It will be uplifted

D It will subside

E It will stay the same

Question #5

Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?

A Few moons

B Low gravity

C Optimum distance from a star

D Toxic atmosphere

E Perfectly spherical orbit

Question #6

Only 10% of the energy is passed along from one trophic level to the next.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #7

El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #8

The seafloor is oldest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #10

An eastern boundary current is slower and colder than a western boundary current.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

In one hour, the Earth rotates through 15 degrees.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #12

Land has a greater heat capacity than water.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #13

The average salinity of the world’s ocean in about 3.5%

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #14

Lines of latitude are parallel to one another.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #15

During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #16

Petroleum most likely formed from which organic substrate?

A Water column debris

B Whale falls

C Sea grasses

D Planktonic organisms and bacteria

E Fossilized fish

Question #17

What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?

A oxygen

B hydrogen

C nitrogen

D carbon dioxide

E nitrous oxide

Question #18

What is an example of symbiosis?

A progression

B carrying capacity

C environmental resistance

D succession

E commensalism

Question #19

Which area is most likely to have the most populous and diverse community of organisms?

A cobble beaches

B deep ocean

C surface of temperate ocean

D surface of a polar ocean

E intertidal zone

Question #20

Which of the following is a ring-shaped island of coral?

B Fringing reef

C Barrier reef

D Drumlin

E Mangrove

F Atoll

Question #21

What type of tidal patterns exists on the west coast of the United States, which receives two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day?

A semidiurnal mixed tides

B neap tides

C spring tides

D diurnal tides

E semidiurnal tides

Question #22

How fast does a wave with wavelength of 20 meters and period of 20 seconds travel?

A 10 meters per second

B 1 meter per second

C 400 meters per second

D There is not enough information to tell

E 20 meters per second

Question #23

An air mass pausing above a warm ocean surface will have what characteristics?

A Warm, humid air with zones of low pressure

B Cold, dry air with zones of low pressure

C Warm, humid air with zones of high pressure

D Warm, dry air with zones of high pressure

E Cold, dry air with zones of high pressure

Question #24

Why can seawater hold many times more carbon dioxide than either nitrogen or oxygen at saturation?

A Carbon dioxide is not used in photosynthesis.

B Carbon dioxide is more reactive.

C Carbon dioxide combines chemically with water to form carbonic acid.

D Carbon dioxide is used in mineral formation.

E Carbon dioxide is used by plankton for energy

Question #25

An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sediment?

A diatomaceous earth

B turbidic sediment

C evaporitic sediment

D calcareous ooze

E siliceous ooze

Question #26

What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?

A Spreading

B Volcanic eruptions

C Turbidity

D Erosion

E Subduction

Question #27

As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust beneath the mountain to behave?

A Subduct

B Spread out

C Stay the same

D Sink

E Rise

Question #28

Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?

A estuarine bays

B rainforest sediments

C hydrothermal vents

D dry mountain rocky outcrops

E polar sea ice

Question #29

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Trenches

A Convergent plate boundary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boundary

Question #30

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Seafloor spreading

A Transform plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Divergent plate boundary

Question #31

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Magnetic “stripes” on the seafloor

A Convergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boundary

C Divergent plate boundary

Question #32

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Fracture zones

A Transform plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Divergent plate boundary

Question #33

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Island arc

A Transform plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Divergent plate boundary

Question #34

Which of the following statements about coastal waters is CORRECT?

A Coastal waters only support about 15% of the total mass of life in the oceans.

B Coastal waters have limited opportunities for oil production and recreational activities.

C Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean.

D Coastal waters are of minor importance for shipping because they traverse the open ocean.

E Coastal waters receive land-derived pollutants after they pass through the open ocean.

Question #35

Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?

A North Equatorial Current

B North Atlantic Current

C Brazil Current

D California Current

E Gulf Stream

Question #36

Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?

A An apparent force resulting from Earth’s rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected.

B West Wind Drift

C A density-driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and salinity.

D The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses.

E Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.

Question #37

The strength of a hurricane stems from water’s ________.

A latent heat of sublimation

B latent heat of condensation

C latent heat of deposition

D latent heat of fusion

E latent heat of melting

Question #38

A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________.

A dry and warm

B wet and warm

C dry and cold

D wet and cold

E not enough information to tell

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