Final Exam

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Question #1

What describes the theoretical direction of Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere?

A In the same direction as the wind

B 90° to the left of wind direction

C 90° to the right of wind direction

D 45° to the right of wind direction

E 45° to the left of wind direction

Question #2

Active margins are also referred to as

A Hot spots

B Fracture zones

C Atlantic-type margins

D Spreading centers

E Pacific-type margins

Question #3

Where on the seafloor would you expect to find the thickest piles of sediment?

A At a mid-ocean ridge

B In a submarine canyon

C Along the continental margin

D Around hot spot volcanoes

E In a deep ocean trench

Question #4

As sediment accumulates in a continental margin, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust behave?

A It will be uplifted

B It will grow thicker

C It will subside

D It will stay the same

E It will spread out

Question #5

Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?

A Perfectly spherical orbit

B Toxic atmosphere

C Few moons

D Low gravity

E Optimum distance from a star

Question #6

Only 10% of the energy is passed along from one trophic level to the next.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #7

El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #8

The seafloor is oldest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #10

An eastern boundary current is slower and colder than a western boundary current.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

In one hour, the Earth rotates through 15 degrees.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #12

Land has a greater heat capacity than water.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #13

The average salinity of the world’s ocean in about 3.5%

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #14

Lines of latitude are parallel to one another.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #15

During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #16

Petroleum most likely formed from which organic substrate?

A Water column debris

B Fossilized fish

C Planktonic organisms and bacteria

D Sea grasses

E Whale falls

Question #17

What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?

A nitrogen

B oxygen

C nitrous oxide

D hydrogen

E carbon dioxide

Question #18

What is an example of symbiosis?

A commensalism

B succession

C progression

D environmental resistance

E carrying capacity

Question #19

Which area is most likely to have the most populous and diverse community of organisms?

A deep ocean

B intertidal zone

C cobble beaches

D surface of a polar ocean

E surface of temperate ocean

Question #20

Which of the following is a ring-shaped island of coral?

A Atoll

B Fringing reef

C Barrier reef

E Drumlin

F Mangrove

Question #21

What type of tidal patterns exists on the west coast of the United States, which receives two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day?

A spring tides

B neap tides

C diurnal tides

D semidiurnal mixed tides

E semidiurnal tides

Question #22

How fast does a wave with wavelength of 20 meters and period of 20 seconds travel?

A 20 meters per second

B 10 meters per second

C 400 meters per second

D There is not enough information to tell

E 1 meter per second

Question #23

An air mass pausing above a warm ocean surface will have what characteristics?

A Cold, dry air with zones of low pressure

B Cold, dry air with zones of high pressure

C Warm, humid air with zones of low pressure

D Warm, dry air with zones of high pressure

E Warm, humid air with zones of high pressure

Question #24

Why can seawater hold many times more carbon dioxide than either nitrogen or oxygen at saturation?

A Carbon dioxide is used by plankton for energy

B Carbon dioxide is used in mineral formation.

C Carbon dioxide is more reactive.

D Carbon dioxide combines chemically with water to form carbonic acid.

E Carbon dioxide is not used in photosynthesis.

Question #25

An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sediment?

A siliceous ooze

B calcareous ooze

C evaporitic sediment

D diatomaceous earth

E turbidic sediment

Question #26

What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?

A Spreading

B Subduction

C Turbidity

D Volcanic eruptions

E Erosion

Question #27

As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth’s crust beneath the mountain to behave?

A Subduct

B Sink

C Spread out

D Rise

E Stay the same

Question #28

Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?

A polar sea ice

B hydrothermal vents

C estuarine bays

D rainforest sediments

E dry mountain rocky outcrops

Question #29

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Trenches

A Divergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boundary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #30

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Seafloor spreading

A Divergent plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boundary

Question #31

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Magnetic “stripes” on the seafloor

A Divergent plate boundary

B Transform plate boundary

C Convergent plate boundary

Question #32

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Fracture zones

A Divergent plate boundary

B Convergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boundary

Question #33

Match feature with the appropriate plate boundary. Island arc

A Convergent plate boundary

B Divergent plate boundary

C Transform plate boundary

Question #34

Which of the following statements about coastal waters is CORRECT?

A Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean.

B Coastal waters have limited opportunities for oil production and recreational activities.

C Coastal waters receive land-derived pollutants after they pass through the open ocean.

D Coastal waters only support about 15% of the total mass of life in the oceans.

E Coastal waters are of minor importance for shipping because they traverse the open ocean.

Question #35

Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?

A North Atlantic Current

B California Current

C Brazil Current

D North Equatorial Current

E Gulf Stream

Question #36

Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?

A Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.

B An apparent force resulting from Earth’s rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected.

C A density-driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and salinity.

D The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses.

E West Wind Drift

Question #37

The strength of a hurricane stems from water’s ________.

A latent heat of deposition

B latent heat of melting

C latent heat of fusion

D latent heat of sublimation

E latent heat of condensation

Question #38

A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________.

A not enough information to tell

B dry and warm

C wet and warm

D dry and cold

E wet and cold

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