Module 1 Exam

A  cohort effect

B  selective survival

C  selective sampling

D  attrition

A  gender effect

B  cohort effect

C  time of measurement effect

D  age effect

A  independent; dependent

B  correlational; quasi-experimental

C  dependent; independent

D  quasi-experimental; correlational

A  longitudinal research

B  cross-sectional research

C  quasi-experimental research

D  ethnographic research

A  experiment

B  correlation

C  theory

D  quasi-experiment

A  a cross-sectional design

B  a semi-reliable design

C  a longitudinal design

D  a quasi-experimental design

A  Validity; reliability

B  Reliability; validity

C  Variance from the mean; standardization

D  Standardization; variance from the mean

A  reliable; valid

B  informed consent; debriefing

C  non-numerical; numerical

D  internally measured; externally measured

A  Subjects are told what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation.

B  Subjects must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for any deception that may have been part of the study.

C  Personal information will not be shared with anyone outside the immediate research group and any results from the research will not identify any of the participants by name.

D  They are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines.

A  Subjects are told what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation.

B  They are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines.

C  Subjects must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for any deception that may have been part of the study.

D  Personal information will not be shared with anyone outside the immediate research group and any results from the research will not identify any of the participants by name.

A  They are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines.

B  Subjects are told what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation.

C  Personal information will not be shared with anyone outside the immediate research group and any results from the research will not identify any of the participants by name.

D  Subjects must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for any deception that may have been part of the study.

A  Reliability; confidentiality

B  Informed consent; debriefing

C  Debriefing; informed consent

D  Confidentiality; reliability

A  Ethical Standard Board

B  Institutional Review Board

C  Department of Research

D  University Research Sponsorship Department

A  validity

B  reliability

C  generalizability

D  standardization

A  theory

B  hypothesis

C  population

D  variable

A  a framework that presents a set of interconnected ideas in an original way and inspires further research

B  a group of people who participate in a research study

C  the way the study is conducted and the data are collected

D  a statement indicating that participation in the study is voluntary, and that persons may withdraw from participation in the study at any time

A  collect data to test a theory; manipulate variables within a laboratory setting; conduct a statistical analysis of the data; synthesize the results; and publish the findings

B  generate a conclusion; isolate variables; determine how variables are related to the conclusion; conduct the research study; and published the findings

C  identify a question to be investigated; form a hypothesis; choose a research method and a research design; collect data to test the hypothesis; and draw conclusions that lead to new questions and hypotheses

D  observe the environment; generate a theory of the phenomenon to be studied; generate possible hypotheses; systematically vary variables; and conduct an experiment

A  selecting a research method and a research design

B  identifying a question of scientific interest

C  collecting data

D  forming a hypothesis

A  culture should be factored out to determine what really influences development

B  culture is damaging and can be devastating to a young child’s development

C  nearly everyone lives in a very similar culture

D  cultural beliefs are the basis for many other conditions of children’s development

A  chronosystem

B  macrosystem

C  exosystem

D  mesosystem

A  macrosystem

B  exosystem

C  mesosystem

D  chronosystem

A  schools, religious institutions, and the media

B  parents, siblings, peers and friends, and teachers

C  time and historical change

D  cultural beliefs and values, and economic and governmental systems

A  mesosystem

B  microsystem

C  macrosystem

D  exosystem

A  microsystem

B  mesosystem

C  macrosystem

D  exosystem

A  Freud

B  Piaget

C  Erikson

D  Bronfenbrenner

A  fixation

B  critical period

C  crisis

D  sensitivity

A  biological factors were more important in terms of development, and Freud believed that culture was more important

B  personality was set at birth, while Freud thought that it was completed by age 6

C  sexuality was even more important than Freud did

D  development continued throughout the lifespan, and Freud believed that only the early years were important

A  real self, fear self, future self

B  conscious, collective unconscious, subcortical unconscious

C  id, ego, superego

D  the self, the shadow, the anima

A  psychosexual

B  psychosocial

C  psychocognitive

D  psychobiological

A  behavioral therapy

B  psychosocial moratorium

C  psychoanalysis

D  humanistic psychology

A  middle-SES; low-SES; middle-SES mothers are more likely to live in rural parts of the country

B  middle-SES; high-SES; middle-SES fathers are more likely to be absent from the family

C  high-SES; low-SES; high-SES mothers are not likely to consume fluoride in their drinking water

D  low-SES; high-SES; low-SES mothers are less likely to receive prenatal care

A  high; low

B  high; moderate

C  low; high

D  moderate; low

A  social class status

B  education status

C  tax bracket status

D  socioeconomic status

A  minority culture

B  ethnic populace

C  majority culture

D  subcultural groups

A  traditional cultures

B  agrarian cultures

C  rural cultures

D  conventional cultures

A  most of the population

B  the wealthy elite

C  about one fourth of the middle class

D  about half of the middle class

A  30%

B  70%

C  90%

D  50%

A  40%

B  60%

C  20%

D  80%

A  20%

B  40%

C  60%

D  80%

A  developing country

B  individualistic culture

C  developed country

D  collective culture

A  Japan

B  Canada

C  Germany

D  the United States

A  27%, 73%

B  47%, 57%

C  37%, 63%

D  18%, 82%

A  Collective cultures

B  Developing countries

C  Developed countries

D  Individualistic cultures

A  population-rich countries

B  developing countries

C  impoverished countries

D  developed countries

A  decrease

B  remain stable in population

C  increase more than developing countries

D  increase slowly

A  emerging countries

B  developing countries

C  South American countries

D  developed countries

A  births per woman

B  women on fertility drugs

C  fetuses that were spontaneously aborted

D  conceptions per woman

A  small world syndrome

B  globalization

C  the Internet

D  social networks

A  the expression of their phenotype

B  their genetic lineage

C  their culture

D  the strength of their id

A  development

B  growth

C  change

D  evolution