Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  a bolus into chyme.

B  foodstuffs into bile.

C  food into chyle.

D  proteins into lipids.

E  chyle into pepsin.

A  b, a, c, d, f, e

B  b, d, c, a, f, e

C  f, c, d, e, a, b

D  e, b, a, c, d, f

E  e, b, d, c, a, f

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  secretin; stomach to increase motility

B  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

C  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

D  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

E  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

A  disaccharides within the duodenum.

B  starch within the stomach.

C  amino acids within the stomach.

D  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

E  peptides within the small intestine.

A  chemoreceptors.

B  bilireceptors.

C  omental neurons

D  osmodetectors.

E  mechanoreceptors.

A  Pharynx

B  Teeth

C  Tongue

D  Pancreas

E  Salivary glands

A  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

B  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

C  in the peritoneal cavity.

D  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

E  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

A  oral cavity.

B  small intestine.

C  pharynx.

D  stomach.

E  esophagus.

A  Coronary ligament

B  Falciform ligament

C  Mesentery proper

D  Hepatic ligament

E  Intraperitoneal ligament

A  calcium phosphate.

B  pulp.

C  cementum.

D  enamel.

E  dentin.

A  glossus

B  fossae

C  fauces

D  choana

E  conchae

A  serosa.

B  submucosa.

C  mucosa.

D  adventitia.

E  muscularis interna.

A  Esophageal reflux

B  Salivary amylase activity

C  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

D  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

E  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

A  accessory digestive organ.

B  diffuse ingestive structure.

C  chemically digesting organ.

D  organ of mastication.

E  alimentary canal organ.

A  mucus secretion.

B  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

C  peristalsis.

D  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

E  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

A  papillae.

B  cilia.

C  tonsils.

D  glossal spines.

E  rugae.

A  Bile

B  Pancreatic amylase

C  Gastrin

D  Hydrochloric acid

A  Rectal peritoneum

B  Muscularis mucosa

C  Omental layer

D  Parietal peritoneum

E  Visceral peritoneum

A  high.

B  low.

A  Intestinal glands

B  Simple columnar epithelium

C  Goblet cells

D  Villi

E  Lymphatic nodules

A  Pancreatic duct

B  Hepatic duct

C  Common bile duct

D  Hepatopancreatic duct

E  Cystic duct

A  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

B  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

C  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

D  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

E  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

A  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

B  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

C  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

D  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

E  increase surface area in the small intestine.

A  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

B  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

C  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

D  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

A  Trachea

B  Alveolar ducts

C  Pharynx

D  Bronchioles

E  Esophagus

A  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

B  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

C  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

D  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

A  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

B  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

C  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

D  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

E  expands the rib cage.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has a cardiac impression.

B  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

C  It has an esophageal depression.

D  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

E  It has a cardiac notch.

A  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

D  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

A  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

B  Between the larynx and the pharynx

C  Between the esophagus and the trachea

D  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

E  Superior to the larynx

A  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

B  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

C  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

D  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

E  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  flexibility; posterior

B  rigidity; posterior

C  rigidity; anterior

D  flexibility; anterior

A  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

B  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

C  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

D  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

A  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

B  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

C  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

D  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

E  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

A  Ventral respiratory group

B  Dorsal respiratory group

C  Pontine respiratory center

D  Phrenic nucleus

A  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

B  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

C  iron and albumin.

D  calcium and carbon dioxide.

A  c, a, d, b

B  d, c, b, a

C  b, d, c, a

D  b, a, d, c

E  a, c, d, b

A  The systemic cells

B  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

C  The alveoli of the lungs

A  somatic

B  autonomic

C  enteric

A  Bronchi

B  Alveoli

C  Larynx

D  Nasal cavity

E  Trachea

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

B  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

C  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

D  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

E  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

A  Alveolar ducts

B  Terminal bronchioles

C  Respiratory bronchioles

D  Pulmonary alveoli

E  Alveolar sacs

A  inversely; directly

B  directly; inversely

C  directly; directly

D  inversely; inversely

A  The internal air pressure within the trachea

B  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

C  The surrounding muscles

D  The internal epithelium

A  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.