Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  chyle into pepsin.

B  a bolus into chyme.

C  food into chyle.

D  proteins into lipids.

E  foodstuffs into bile.

A  f, c, d, e, a, b

B  e, b, d, c, a, f

C  b, a, c, d, f, e

D  b, d, c, a, f, e

E  e, b, a, c, d, f

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

B  secretin; stomach to increase motility

C  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

D  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

E  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

A  starch within the stomach.

B  peptides within the small intestine.

C  disaccharides within the duodenum.

D  amino acids within the stomach.

E  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

A  omental neurons

B  chemoreceptors.

C  mechanoreceptors.

D  bilireceptors.

E  osmodetectors.

A  Salivary glands

B  Tongue

C  Pancreas

D  Pharynx

E  Teeth

A  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

B  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

C  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

D  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

E  in the peritoneal cavity.

A  oral cavity.

B  esophagus.

C  pharynx.

D  small intestine.

E  stomach.

A  Coronary ligament

B  Mesentery proper

C  Intraperitoneal ligament

D  Falciform ligament

E  Hepatic ligament

A  dentin.

B  cementum.

C  pulp.

D  enamel.

E  calcium phosphate.

A  conchae

B  fauces

C  choana

D  glossus

E  fossae

A  mucosa.

B  adventitia.

C  submucosa.

D  serosa.

E  muscularis interna.

A  Salivary amylase activity

B  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

C  Esophageal reflux

D  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

E  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

A  chemically digesting organ.

B  alimentary canal organ.

C  organ of mastication.

D  diffuse ingestive structure.

E  accessory digestive organ.

A  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

B  mucus secretion.

C  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

D  peristalsis.

E  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

A  papillae.

B  tonsils.

C  glossal spines.

D  cilia.

E  rugae.

A  Bile

B  Hydrochloric acid

C  Pancreatic amylase

D  Gastrin

A  Rectal peritoneum

B  Muscularis mucosa

C  Visceral peritoneum

D  Omental layer

E  Parietal peritoneum

A  high.

B  low.

A  Simple columnar epithelium

B  Intestinal glands

C  Lymphatic nodules

D  Villi

E  Goblet cells

A  Common bile duct

B  Cystic duct

C  Pancreatic duct

D  Hepatic duct

E  Hepatopancreatic duct

A  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

B  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

C  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

D  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

A  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

B  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

C  increase surface area in the small intestine.

D  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

E  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

A  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

B  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

C  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

D  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

A  Alveolar ducts

B  Trachea

C  Esophagus

D  Pharynx

E  Bronchioles

A  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

B  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

C  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

D  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

A  expands the rib cage.

B  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

C  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

D  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

E  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

B  It has a cardiac impression.

C  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

D  It has an esophageal depression.

E  It has a cardiac notch.

A  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

C  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

A  Superior to the larynx

B  Between the larynx and the pharynx

C  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

D  Between the esophagus and the trachea

E  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

A  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

B  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

C  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

D  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

E  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  flexibility; posterior

B  flexibility; anterior

C  rigidity; anterior

D  rigidity; posterior

A  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

B  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

C  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

D  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

A  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

B  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

C  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

D  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

E  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

A  Dorsal respiratory group

B  Ventral respiratory group

C  Pontine respiratory center

D  Phrenic nucleus

A  calcium and carbon dioxide.

B  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

C  iron and albumin.

D  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

A  b, d, c, a

B  d, c, b, a

C  b, a, d, c

D  c, a, d, b

E  a, c, d, b

A  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

B  The systemic cells

C  The alveoli of the lungs

A  autonomic

B  enteric

C  somatic

A  Larynx

B  Alveoli

C  Nasal cavity

D  Bronchi

E  Trachea

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

B  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

C  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

D  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

E  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

A  Alveolar ducts

B  Alveolar sacs

C  Terminal bronchioles

D  Respiratory bronchioles

E  Pulmonary alveoli

A  inversely; directly

B  directly; directly

C  directly; inversely

D  inversely; inversely

A  The internal air pressure within the trachea

B  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

C  The internal epithelium

D  The surrounding muscles

A  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.