Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  food into chyle.

B  proteins into lipids.

C  foodstuffs into bile.

D  chyle into pepsin.

E  a bolus into chyme.

A  f, c, d, e, a, b

B  e, b, a, c, d, f

C  e, b, d, c, a, f

D  b, a, c, d, f, e

E  b, d, c, a, f, e

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

B  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

C  secretin; stomach to increase motility

D  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

E  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

A  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

B  disaccharides within the duodenum.

C  starch within the stomach.

D  peptides within the small intestine.

E  amino acids within the stomach.

A  bilireceptors.

B  chemoreceptors.

C  mechanoreceptors.

D  omental neurons

E  osmodetectors.

A  Pharynx

B  Pancreas

C  Teeth

D  Tongue

E  Salivary glands

A  in the peritoneal cavity.

B  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

C  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

D  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

E  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

A  small intestine.

B  stomach.

C  oral cavity.

D  pharynx.

E  esophagus.

A  Coronary ligament

B  Falciform ligament

C  Hepatic ligament

D  Intraperitoneal ligament

E  Mesentery proper

A  pulp.

B  dentin.

C  enamel.

D  calcium phosphate.

E  cementum.

A  conchae

B  fossae

C  choana

D  fauces

E  glossus

A  mucosa.

B  submucosa.

C  serosa.

D  adventitia.

E  muscularis interna.

A  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

B  Salivary amylase activity

C  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

D  Esophageal reflux

E  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

A  organ of mastication.

B  accessory digestive organ.

C  diffuse ingestive structure.

D  alimentary canal organ.

E  chemically digesting organ.

A  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

B  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

C  mucus secretion.

D  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

E  peristalsis.

A  rugae.

B  tonsils.

C  cilia.

D  papillae.

E  glossal spines.

A  Pancreatic amylase

B  Gastrin

C  Hydrochloric acid

D  Bile

A  Visceral peritoneum

B  Muscularis mucosa

C  Parietal peritoneum

D  Rectal peritoneum

E  Omental layer

A  high.

B  low.

A  Goblet cells

B  Intestinal glands

C  Simple columnar epithelium

D  Lymphatic nodules

E  Villi

A  Hepatic duct

B  Hepatopancreatic duct

C  Pancreatic duct

D  Cystic duct

E  Common bile duct

A  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

B  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

C  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

D  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

A  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

B  increase surface area in the small intestine.

C  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

D  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

E  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

A  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

B  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

C  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

D  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

A  Esophagus

B  Bronchioles

C  Trachea

D  Pharynx

E  Alveolar ducts

A  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

B  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

C  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

D  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

A  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

B  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

C  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

D  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

E  expands the rib cage.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has a cardiac impression.

B  It has an esophageal depression.

C  It has a cardiac notch.

D  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

E  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

A  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

A  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

B  Superior to the larynx

C  Between the esophagus and the trachea

D  Between the larynx and the pharynx

E  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

A  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

B  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

C  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

D  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

E  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  rigidity; posterior

B  flexibility; anterior

C  flexibility; posterior

D  rigidity; anterior

A  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

B  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

C  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

D  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

A  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

B  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

C  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

D  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

E  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

A  Phrenic nucleus

B  Dorsal respiratory group

C  Pontine respiratory center

D  Ventral respiratory group

A  calcium and carbon dioxide.

B  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

C  iron and albumin.

D  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

A  b, a, d, c

B  c, a, d, b

C  b, d, c, a

D  d, c, b, a

E  a, c, d, b

A  The systemic cells

B  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

C  The alveoli of the lungs

A  enteric

B  somatic

C  autonomic

A  Nasal cavity

B  Larynx

C  Trachea

D  Bronchi

E  Alveoli

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

B  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

C  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

D  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

E  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

A  Alveolar sacs

B  Pulmonary alveoli

C  Terminal bronchioles

D  Alveolar ducts

E  Respiratory bronchioles

A  directly; directly

B  directly; inversely

C  inversely; inversely

D  inversely; directly

A  The internal air pressure within the trachea

B  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

C  The internal epithelium

D  The surrounding muscles

A  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.