Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  chyle into pepsin.

B  proteins into lipids.

C  a bolus into chyme.

D  foodstuffs into bile.

E  food into chyle.

A  e, b, a, c, d, f

B  b, d, c, a, f, e

C  e, b, d, c, a, f

D  f, c, d, e, a, b

E  b, a, c, d, f, e

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

B  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

C  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

D  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

E  secretin; stomach to increase motility

A  amino acids within the stomach.

B  starch within the stomach.

C  peptides within the small intestine.

D  disaccharides within the duodenum.

E  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

A  osmodetectors.

B  omental neurons

C  bilireceptors.

D  mechanoreceptors.

E  chemoreceptors.

A  Pharynx

B  Salivary glands

C  Tongue

D  Pancreas

E  Teeth

A  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

B  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

C  in the peritoneal cavity.

D  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

E  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

A  pharynx.

B  stomach.

C  oral cavity.

D  esophagus.

E  small intestine.

A  Mesentery proper

B  Falciform ligament

C  Hepatic ligament

D  Intraperitoneal ligament

E  Coronary ligament

A  pulp.

B  cementum.

C  calcium phosphate.

D  dentin.

E  enamel.

A  fauces

B  conchae

C  glossus

D  choana

E  fossae

A  mucosa.

B  muscularis interna.

C  submucosa.

D  serosa.

E  adventitia.

A  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

B  Salivary amylase activity

C  Esophageal reflux

D  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

E  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

A  alimentary canal organ.

B  accessory digestive organ.

C  organ of mastication.

D  chemically digesting organ.

E  diffuse ingestive structure.

A  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

B  mucus secretion.

C  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

D  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

E  peristalsis.

A  papillae.

B  glossal spines.

C  rugae.

D  cilia.

E  tonsils.

A  Gastrin

B  Pancreatic amylase

C  Hydrochloric acid

D  Bile

A  Visceral peritoneum

B  Parietal peritoneum

C  Muscularis mucosa

D  Rectal peritoneum

E  Omental layer

A  high.

B  low.

A  Villi

B  Simple columnar epithelium

C  Lymphatic nodules

D  Goblet cells

E  Intestinal glands

A  Hepatic duct

B  Common bile duct

C  Cystic duct

D  Hepatopancreatic duct

E  Pancreatic duct

A  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

B  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

C  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

D  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

A  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

B  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

C  increase surface area in the small intestine.

D  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

E  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

A  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

B  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

C  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

D  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

A  Alveolar ducts

B  Trachea

C  Bronchioles

D  Esophagus

E  Pharynx

A  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

B  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

C  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

D  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

A  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

B  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

C  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

D  expands the rib cage.

E  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It has an esophageal depression.

B  It has a cardiac impression.

C  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

D  It has a cardiac notch.

E  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

A  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

D  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

A  Between the esophagus and the trachea

B  Between the larynx and the pharynx

C  Superior to the larynx

D  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

E  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

A  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

B  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

C  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

D  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

E  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  flexibility; posterior

B  rigidity; posterior

C  flexibility; anterior

D  rigidity; anterior

A  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

B  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

C  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

D  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

A  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

B  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

C  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

D  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

E  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

A  Dorsal respiratory group

B  Phrenic nucleus

C  Pontine respiratory center

D  Ventral respiratory group

A  calcium and carbon dioxide.

B  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

C  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

D  iron and albumin.

A  c, a, d, b

B  b, d, c, a

C  b, a, d, c

D  a, c, d, b

E  d, c, b, a

A  The alveoli of the lungs

B  The systemic cells

C  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

A  autonomic

B  somatic

C  enteric

A  Trachea

B  Nasal cavity

C  Larynx

D  Alveoli

E  Bronchi

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

B  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

C  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

D  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

E  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

A  Alveolar ducts

B  Alveolar sacs

C  Pulmonary alveoli

D  Terminal bronchioles

E  Respiratory bronchioles

A  inversely; inversely

B  directly; inversely

C  inversely; directly

D  directly; directly

A  The surrounding muscles

B  The internal epithelium

C  The internal air pressure within the trachea

D  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

A  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.

D  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.