Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  a bolus into chyme.

B  food into chyle.

C  proteins into lipids.

D  foodstuffs into bile.

E  chyle into pepsin.

A  b, d, c, a, f, e

B  e, b, a, c, d, f

C  f, c, d, e, a, b

D  e, b, d, c, a, f

E  b, a, c, d, f, e

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

B  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

C  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

D  secretin; stomach to increase motility

E  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

A  starch within the stomach.

B  disaccharides within the duodenum.

C  peptides within the small intestine.

D  amino acids within the stomach.

E  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

A  bilireceptors.

B  chemoreceptors.

C  omental neurons

D  mechanoreceptors.

E  osmodetectors.

A  Pancreas

B  Tongue

C  Teeth

D  Pharynx

E  Salivary glands

A  in the peritoneal cavity.

B  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

C  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

D  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

E  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

A  small intestine.

B  esophagus.

C  pharynx.

D  oral cavity.

E  stomach.

A  Hepatic ligament

B  Mesentery proper

C  Intraperitoneal ligament

D  Coronary ligament

E  Falciform ligament

A  dentin.

B  cementum.

C  calcium phosphate.

D  enamel.

E  pulp.

A  fossae

B  choana

C  glossus

D  fauces

E  conchae

A  serosa.

B  submucosa.

C  mucosa.

D  muscularis interna.

E  adventitia.

A  Esophageal reflux

B  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

C  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

D  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

E  Salivary amylase activity

A  organ of mastication.

B  accessory digestive organ.

C  alimentary canal organ.

D  diffuse ingestive structure.

E  chemically digesting organ.

A  peristalsis.

B  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

C  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

D  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

E  mucus secretion.

A  papillae.

B  rugae.

C  glossal spines.

D  tonsils.

E  cilia.

A  Gastrin

B  Bile

C  Pancreatic amylase

D  Hydrochloric acid

A  Visceral peritoneum

B  Rectal peritoneum

C  Omental layer

D  Parietal peritoneum

E  Muscularis mucosa

A  high.

B  low.

A  Simple columnar epithelium

B  Villi

C  Goblet cells

D  Lymphatic nodules

E  Intestinal glands

A  Hepatic duct

B  Common bile duct

C  Pancreatic duct

D  Hepatopancreatic duct

E  Cystic duct

A  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

B  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

C  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

D  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

A  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

B  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

C  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

D  increase surface area in the small intestine.

E  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

A  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

B  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

C  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

D  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

A  Pharynx

B  Trachea

C  Alveolar ducts

D  Esophagus

E  Bronchioles

A  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

B  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

C  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

D  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

A  expands the rib cage.

B  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

C  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

D  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

E  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

B  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

C  It has an esophageal depression.

D  It has a cardiac impression.

E  It has a cardiac notch.

A  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

A  Between the larynx and the pharynx

B  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

C  Between the esophagus and the trachea

D  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

E  Superior to the larynx

A  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

B  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

C  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

D  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

E  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  rigidity; anterior

B  rigidity; posterior

C  flexibility; posterior

D  flexibility; anterior

A  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

B  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

C  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

D  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

A  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

B  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

C  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

D  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

E  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

A  Ventral respiratory group

B  Pontine respiratory center

C  Phrenic nucleus

D  Dorsal respiratory group

A  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

B  calcium and carbon dioxide.

C  iron and albumin.

D  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

A  c, a, d, b

B  b, d, c, a

C  b, a, d, c

D  d, c, b, a

E  a, c, d, b

A  The alveoli of the lungs

B  The systemic cells

C  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

A  autonomic

B  enteric

C  somatic

A  Bronchi

B  Trachea

C  Alveoli

D  Nasal cavity

E  Larynx

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

B  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

C  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

D  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

E  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

A  Pulmonary alveoli

B  Alveolar sacs

C  Terminal bronchioles

D  Respiratory bronchioles

E  Alveolar ducts

A  inversely; inversely

B  inversely; directly

C  directly; inversely

D  directly; directly

A  The internal epithelium

B  The surrounding muscles

C  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

D  The internal air pressure within the trachea

A  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.