Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  proteins into lipids.

B  a bolus into chyme.

C  food into chyle.

D  chyle into pepsin.

E  foodstuffs into bile.

A  b, a, c, d, f, e

B  e, b, a, c, d, f

C  b, d, c, a, f, e

D  e, b, d, c, a, f

E  f, c, d, e, a, b

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

B  secretin; stomach to increase motility

C  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

D  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

E  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

A  disaccharides within the duodenum.

B  amino acids within the stomach.

C  peptides within the small intestine.

D  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

E  starch within the stomach.

A  omental neurons

B  chemoreceptors.

C  osmodetectors.

D  bilireceptors.

E  mechanoreceptors.

A  Pancreas

B  Salivary glands

C  Pharynx

D  Tongue

E  Teeth

A  in the peritoneal cavity.

B  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

C  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

D  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

E  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

A  small intestine.

B  esophagus.

C  pharynx.

D  oral cavity.

E  stomach.

A  Intraperitoneal ligament

B  Mesentery proper

C  Hepatic ligament

D  Falciform ligament

E  Coronary ligament

A  dentin.

B  enamel.

C  calcium phosphate.

D  cementum.

E  pulp.

A  conchae

B  fauces

C  choana

D  fossae

E  glossus

A  adventitia.

B  mucosa.

C  muscularis interna.

D  submucosa.

E  serosa.

A  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

B  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

C  Salivary amylase activity

D  Esophageal reflux

E  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

A  accessory digestive organ.

B  organ of mastication.

C  alimentary canal organ.

D  diffuse ingestive structure.

E  chemically digesting organ.

A  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

B  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

C  peristalsis.

D  mucus secretion.

E  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

A  tonsils.

B  cilia.

C  rugae.

D  glossal spines.

E  papillae.

A  Bile

B  Gastrin

C  Hydrochloric acid

D  Pancreatic amylase

A  Visceral peritoneum

B  Rectal peritoneum

C  Muscularis mucosa

D  Parietal peritoneum

E  Omental layer

A  low.

B  high.

A  Lymphatic nodules

B  Goblet cells

C  Simple columnar epithelium

D  Intestinal glands

E  Villi

A  Cystic duct

B  Pancreatic duct

C  Hepatic duct

D  Common bile duct

E  Hepatopancreatic duct

A  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

B  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

C  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

D  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

E  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

A  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

B  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

C  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

D  increase surface area in the small intestine.

E  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

A  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

B  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

C  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

D  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

A  Pharynx

B  Esophagus

C  Alveolar ducts

D  Trachea

E  Bronchioles

A  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

B  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

C  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

D  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

A  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

B  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

C  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

D  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

E  expands the rib cage.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has an esophageal depression.

B  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

C  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

D  It has a cardiac notch.

E  It has a cardiac impression.

A  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

D  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

A  Between the esophagus and the trachea

B  Superior to the larynx

C  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

D  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

E  Between the larynx and the pharynx

A  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

B  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

C  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

D  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

E  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  rigidity; posterior

B  flexibility; posterior

C  flexibility; anterior

D  rigidity; anterior

A  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

B  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

C  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

D  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

A  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

B  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

C  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

D  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

E  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

A  Dorsal respiratory group

B  Ventral respiratory group

C  Phrenic nucleus

D  Pontine respiratory center

A  iron and albumin.

B  calcium and carbon dioxide.

C  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

D  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

A  b, a, d, c

B  b, d, c, a

C  d, c, b, a

D  a, c, d, b

E  c, a, d, b

A  The systemic cells

B  The alveoli of the lungs

C  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

A  autonomic

B  enteric

C  somatic

A  Alveoli

B  Bronchi

C  Trachea

D  Nasal cavity

E  Larynx

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

B  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

C  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

D  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

E  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

A  Terminal bronchioles

B  Alveolar sacs

C  Pulmonary alveoli

D  Respiratory bronchioles

E  Alveolar ducts

A  inversely; inversely

B  directly; directly

C  inversely; directly

D  directly; inversely

A  The surrounding muscles

B  The internal epithelium

C  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

D  The internal air pressure within the trachea

A  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.