Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  food into chyle.

B  a bolus into chyme.

C  chyle into pepsin.

D  foodstuffs into bile.

E  proteins into lipids.

A  b, d, c, a, f, e

B  b, a, c, d, f, e

C  e, b, a, c, d, f

D  e, b, d, c, a, f

E  f, c, d, e, a, b

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

B  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

C  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

D  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

E  secretin; stomach to increase motility

A  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

B  starch within the stomach.

C  amino acids within the stomach.

D  peptides within the small intestine.

E  disaccharides within the duodenum.

A  chemoreceptors.

B  mechanoreceptors.

C  omental neurons

D  bilireceptors.

E  osmodetectors.

A  Pancreas

B  Tongue

C  Salivary glands

D  Teeth

E  Pharynx

A  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

B  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

C  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

D  in the peritoneal cavity.

E  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

A  pharynx.

B  small intestine.

C  esophagus.

D  stomach.

E  oral cavity.

A  Coronary ligament

B  Intraperitoneal ligament

C  Falciform ligament

D  Hepatic ligament

E  Mesentery proper

A  dentin.

B  pulp.

C  calcium phosphate.

D  cementum.

E  enamel.

A  choana

B  glossus

C  fossae

D  fauces

E  conchae

A  serosa.

B  adventitia.

C  submucosa.

D  mucosa.

E  muscularis interna.

A  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

B  Esophageal reflux

C  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

D  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

E  Salivary amylase activity

A  chemically digesting organ.

B  organ of mastication.

C  accessory digestive organ.

D  diffuse ingestive structure.

E  alimentary canal organ.

A  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

B  peristalsis.

C  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

D  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

E  mucus secretion.

A  papillae.

B  cilia.

C  glossal spines.

D  tonsils.

E  rugae.

A  Bile

B  Pancreatic amylase

C  Hydrochloric acid

D  Gastrin

A  Muscularis mucosa

B  Omental layer

C  Parietal peritoneum

D  Rectal peritoneum

E  Visceral peritoneum

A  low.

B  high.

A  Goblet cells

B  Intestinal glands

C  Simple columnar epithelium

D  Villi

E  Lymphatic nodules

A  Hepatopancreatic duct

B  Pancreatic duct

C  Hepatic duct

D  Common bile duct

E  Cystic duct

A  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

B  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

C  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

D  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

A  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

B  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

C  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

D  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

E  increase surface area in the small intestine.

A  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

B  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

C  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

D  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

A  Alveolar ducts

B  Esophagus

C  Trachea

D  Pharynx

E  Bronchioles

A  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

B  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

C  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

D  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

A  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

B  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

C  expands the rib cage.

D  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

E  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has a cardiac notch.

B  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

C  It has an esophageal depression.

D  It has a cardiac impression.

E  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

A  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

B  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

A  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

B  Between the esophagus and the trachea

C  Between the larynx and the pharynx

D  Superior to the larynx

E  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

A  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

B  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

C  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

D  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

E  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  flexibility; anterior

B  rigidity; anterior

C  rigidity; posterior

D  flexibility; posterior

A  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

B  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

C  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

D  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

A  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

B  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

C  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

D  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

E  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

A  Phrenic nucleus

B  Pontine respiratory center

C  Ventral respiratory group

D  Dorsal respiratory group

A  iron and albumin.

B  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

C  calcium and carbon dioxide.

D  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

A  b, d, c, a

B  a, c, d, b

C  b, a, d, c

D  d, c, b, a

E  c, a, d, b

A  The systemic cells

B  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

C  The alveoli of the lungs

A  autonomic

B  enteric

C  somatic

A  Larynx

B  Nasal cavity

C  Trachea

D  Alveoli

E  Bronchi

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

B  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

C  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

D  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

E  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

A  Alveolar ducts

B  Alveolar sacs

C  Pulmonary alveoli

D  Respiratory bronchioles

E  Terminal bronchioles

A  inversely; directly

B  inversely; inversely

C  directly; directly

D  directly; inversely

A  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

B  The internal air pressure within the trachea

C  The internal epithelium

D  The surrounding muscles

A  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.

B  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.