Lecture Exam 3 (2)

A  chyle into pepsin.

B  proteins into lipids.

C  foodstuffs into bile.

D  food into chyle.

E  a bolus into chyme.

A  e, b, d, c, a, f

B  e, b, a, c, d, f

C  b, d, c, a, f, e

D  b, a, c, d, f, e

E  f, c, d, e, a, b

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  CCK; gallbladder to release bile

B  secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice

C  CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion

D  secretin; stomach to increase motility

E  gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution

A  peptides within the small intestine.

B  disaccharides within the duodenum.

C  complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.

D  amino acids within the stomach.

E  starch within the stomach.

A  mechanoreceptors.

B  bilireceptors.

C  chemoreceptors.

D  omental neurons

E  osmodetectors.

A  Pancreas

B  Tongue

C  Teeth

D  Salivary glands

E  Pharynx

A  posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

B  deep to the visceral peritoneum.

C  in the peritoneal cavity.

D  between folds of the parietal peritoneum.

E  between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.

A  stomach.

B  small intestine.

C  pharynx.

D  oral cavity.

E  esophagus.

A  Intraperitoneal ligament

B  Hepatic ligament

C  Mesentery proper

D  Falciform ligament

E  Coronary ligament

A  calcium phosphate.

B  cementum.

C  enamel.

D  pulp.

E  dentin.

A  conchae

B  choana

C  fossae

D  glossus

E  fauces

A  adventitia.

B  muscularis interna.

C  submucosa.

D  mucosa.

E  serosa.

A  Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH

B  Esophageal reflux

C  “Sweet” taste receptors are slower to respond than others

D  Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet

E  Salivary amylase activity

A  organ of mastication.

B  accessory digestive organ.

C  diffuse ingestive structure.

D  chemically digesting organ.

E  alimentary canal organ.

A  passage of chyme into the duodenum.

B  peristalsis.

C  mucus secretion.

D  passage of a bolus into the stomach.

E  passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

A  rugae.

B  glossal spines.

C  cilia.

D  papillae.

E  tonsils.

A  Hydrochloric acid

B  Gastrin

C  Bile

D  Pancreatic amylase

A  Visceral peritoneum

B  Rectal peritoneum

C  Omental layer

D  Muscularis mucosa

E  Parietal peritoneum

A  high.

B  low.

A  Intestinal glands

B  Goblet cells

C  Villi

D  Lymphatic nodules

E  Simple columnar epithelium

A  Pancreatic duct

B  Cystic duct

C  Hepatic duct

D  Common bile duct

E  Hepatopancreatic duct

A  salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

B  glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.

C  basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.

D  salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

E  basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.

A  contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

B  increase surface area in the small intestine.

C  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

D  are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

E  generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

A  active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

B  inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

C  active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

D  inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

A  Bronchioles

B  Alveolar ducts

C  Trachea

D  Esophagus

E  Pharynx

A  its large surface area and minimal thickness.

B  its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.

C  the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.

D  its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.

A  increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

B  stimulates the phrenic nerve.

C  flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.

D  expands the rib cage.

E  increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has a cardiac notch.

B  It is slightly smaller than the right lung.

C  It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.

D  It has an esophageal depression.

E  It has a cardiac impression.

A  atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

A  Between the trachea and the diaphragm

B  Between the larynx and the pharynx

C  Superior to the larynx

D  Between the esophagus and the trachea

E  Between the esophagus and the diaphragm

A  peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs

B  central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2

C  peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+

D  central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2

E  peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  rigidity; posterior

B  flexibility; anterior

C  flexibility; posterior

D  rigidity; anterior

A  decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.

B  decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

C  increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.

D  increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.

A  serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.

B  is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.

C  is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.

D  is the point of entrance for inhaled air.

E  is the point of exit of exhaled air.

A  Pontine respiratory center

B  Dorsal respiratory group

C  Phrenic nucleus

D  Ventral respiratory group

A  carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.

B  calcium and carbon dioxide.

C  iron and albumin.

D  carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.

A  d, c, b, a

B  b, d, c, a

C  c, a, d, b

D  b, a, d, c

E  a, c, d, b

A  The systemic cells

B  The blood circulating in systemic arteries

C  The alveoli of the lungs

A  somatic

B  enteric

C  autonomic

A  Trachea

B  Alveoli

C  Larynx

D  Nasal cavity

E  Bronchi

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Each lung has four secondary bronchi.

B  The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

C  Each lung has two secondary bronchi.

D  The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

E  Each lung has three secondary bronchi.

A  Terminal bronchioles

B  Alveolar sacs

C  Pulmonary alveoli

D  Respiratory bronchioles

E  Alveolar ducts

A  directly; inversely

B  inversely; directly

C  inversely; inversely

D  directly; directly

A  The surrounding muscles

B  The internal epithelium

C  The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

D  The internal air pressure within the trachea

A  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

B  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

C  Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.

D  Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.

A  intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.

B  intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

C  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

D  intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.