Exam 5

A  polyspermy

B  polyspermal

C  trophoblast

D  fertilization

A  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

B  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

C  It forms a blastula.

D  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

E  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

A  hypoblast

B  blastopore

C  epiblast

D  fertilization.

A  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

B    

C  develop into muscle tissue.

D  not develop if transplanted.

E  develop into connective tissue.

F  develop into epithelial tissue.

A  a slow block to polyspermy

B  a fast block to polyspermy

C  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

D  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

E  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

A  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

B  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

C  egg membrane depolarization.

D  fast block polyspermy.

E  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

A  to digest the jelly coat

B  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

C  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

D  to nourish the oocyte

E  to trigger the release of cortical granules

F  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

A  fast

B  moderate

C  constant

D  slow

A  fertilization

B  induction

C  specification

D  cleavage

E  gastrulation

A  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

B  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

C  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

D  The polar bodies bud from this region

E  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

A  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

B  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

C  to trigger the release of cortical granules

D  to digest the jelly coat

E  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

A  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

B  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

C  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

D  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

E  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

A  primitive streak

B  blastopore

C  archenteron

D  point of sperm entry

E  blastocoel

A  fast block to polyspermy

B  the slow block to polyspermy

C  the cortical reaction

D  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

E  the acrosomal reaction

A  IV, V, I, III, II

B  V, IV, II, III, I

C  IV, III, V, I, II

D  III, V, II, IV, I

E  V, III, IV, II, I

A  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

B  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

C  the fast block to polyspermy

D  the cortical reaction

E  the acrosomal reaction

A  the notochord in a mammal.

B  the archenteron in a frog.

C  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

D  neural crest cells in a mammal.

E  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

A  brain and spinal cord

B  digestive tract

C  reproductive organs

D  the blastocoel

E  heart and lungs

A  induction

B  cleavage

C  fertilization

D  specification

E  gastrulation

A  chorion

B  allantois

C  amnion

D  trophoblast

E  yolk sac

A  migrate to many different regions of the body.

B  form the overlying ectoderm.

C  differentiate into the brain.

D  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

E  form the notochord.

A  blastopore

B  acrosome

C  protostome

D  chromosome

A  preformation and morphogenesis.

B  cell division and differentiation.

C  preformation and cell differentiation.

D    

E  differentiation and morphogenesis.

F  preformation and epigenesis.

A  placental mammal.

B  bird.

C  frog.

D  fish.

E  reptile.

A  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

B  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

C  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

D  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

E  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Intestinal tract

B  Archenteron

C  Neural tube

D  Epidermis

E  Notochord

A  Notochord

B  Chorion

C  Epidermis

D  Archenteron

A  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

B  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

C  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

D  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

E  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

A  cadherins

B  zone of polarizing activity

C  apical ectodermal ridge

D  Sonic hedgehog

E  HOX genes

A  Cleavage

B  Neurulation

C  Fertilization

D  Gastrulation

E  Organogenesis

A  nucleus.

B  cytoskeleton.

C  transport proteins.

D  extracellular matrix.

A  amphibian

B  sea urchin

C  insect

D  fish

E  bird

A  histogenesis.

B  cell differentiation.

C  fertilization.

D  preformation.

E  morphogenesis.

A  gastrulation.

B  autonomous specification.

C  organogenesis.

D  polar cap fusion.

E  fertilization.

A  hypoblast

B  histogenesis.

C  preformation.

D  gastrulation

A  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

B  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

C  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

D  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

E  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  cell elasticity.

B  cell replication.

C  cell growth.

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  cell differentiation.

A  neurulation.

B  gastrulation.

C  fertilization.

D  cleavage.

E  organogenesis.

A  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

B  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

C  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

D  It maps the genes of an embryo.

E  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

A  blastopore

B  Acrosome

A  blastopore

B  trophoblast.

C  archenteron.

D  endometrium.

E  blastocoel.

A  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

B  nuclei in a zygote.

C  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

D  nuclei in an early embryo.

E  nuclei in an egg.

A  prevents gastrulation.

B  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

C  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

D  is concentrated at the animal pole.

E  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

A  the neural crest.

B  the central nervous system.

C  the archenteron.

D  somites.

E  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

A  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

B  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

C  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

D  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

E  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

A  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.

B  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.

C  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.

D  Both cells will develop abnormally.

E  Both cells will die immediately.