Exam 5

A  polyspermy

B  polyspermal

C  fertilization

D  trophoblast

A  It forms a blastula.

B  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

C  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

D  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

E  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

A  blastopore

B  hypoblast

C  epiblast

D  fertilization.

A  develop into epithelial tissue.

B  develop into muscle tissue.

C  not develop if transplanted.

D  develop into connective tissue.

E    

F  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

A  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

B  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

C  a slow block to polyspermy

D  a fast block to polyspermy

E  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

A  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

B  fast block polyspermy.

C  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

D  egg membrane depolarization.

E  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

A  to digest the jelly coat

B  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

C  to trigger the release of cortical granules

D  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

E  to nourish the oocyte

F  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

A  constant

B  fast

C  moderate

D  slow

A  gastrulation

B  cleavage

C  induction

D  specification

E  fertilization

A  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

B  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

C  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

D  The polar bodies bud from this region

E  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

A  to digest the jelly coat

B  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

C  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

D  to trigger the release of cortical granules

E  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

A  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

B  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

C  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

D  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

E  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

A  point of sperm entry

B  blastopore

C  blastocoel

D  archenteron

E  primitive streak

A  the cortical reaction

B  fast block to polyspermy

C  the slow block to polyspermy

D  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

E  the acrosomal reaction

A  IV, III, V, I, II

B  III, V, II, IV, I

C  V, IV, II, III, I

D  IV, V, I, III, II

E  V, III, IV, II, I

A  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

B  the cortical reaction

C  the acrosomal reaction

D  the fast block to polyspermy

E  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

A  the archenteron in a frog.

B  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

C  neural crest cells in a mammal.

D  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

E  the notochord in a mammal.

A  reproductive organs

B  brain and spinal cord

C  heart and lungs

D  the blastocoel

E  digestive tract

A  cleavage

B  induction

C  fertilization

D  gastrulation

E  specification

A  yolk sac

B  amnion

C  allantois

D  chorion

E  trophoblast

A  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

B  migrate to many different regions of the body.

C  differentiate into the brain.

D  form the notochord.

E  form the overlying ectoderm.

A  protostome

B  blastopore

C  chromosome

D  acrosome

A  preformation and cell differentiation.

B  preformation and epigenesis.

C  preformation and morphogenesis.

D    

E  differentiation and morphogenesis.

F  cell division and differentiation.

A  fish.

B  placental mammal.

C  bird.

D  frog.

E  reptile.

A  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

B  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

C  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

D  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

E  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Epidermis

B  Neural tube

C  Intestinal tract

D  Archenteron

E  Notochord

A  Archenteron

B  Chorion

C  Epidermis

D  Notochord

A  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

B  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

C  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

D  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

E  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

A  Sonic hedgehog

B  HOX genes

C  apical ectodermal ridge

D  zone of polarizing activity

E  cadherins

A  Gastrulation

B  Fertilization

C  Organogenesis

D  Cleavage

E  Neurulation

A  transport proteins.

B  nucleus.

C  extracellular matrix.

D  cytoskeleton.

A  bird

B  amphibian

C  sea urchin

D  insect

E  fish

A  histogenesis.

B  fertilization.

C  morphogenesis.

D  cell differentiation.

E  preformation.

A  gastrulation.

B  autonomous specification.

C  fertilization.

D  polar cap fusion.

E  organogenesis.

A  histogenesis.

B  gastrulation

C  hypoblast

D  preformation.

A  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

B  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

C  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

D  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

E  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  cell elasticity.

B  cell replication.

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  cell differentiation.

E  cell growth.

A  fertilization.

B  organogenesis.

C  neurulation.

D  gastrulation.

E  cleavage.

A  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

B  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

C  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

D  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

E  It maps the genes of an embryo.

A  Acrosome

B  blastopore

A  blastocoel.

B  archenteron.

C  trophoblast.

D  endometrium.

E  blastopore

A  nuclei in a zygote.

B  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

C  nuclei in an early embryo.

D  nuclei in an egg.

E  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

A  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

B  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

C  is concentrated at the animal pole.

D  prevents gastrulation.

E  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

A  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

B  somites.

C  the neural crest.

D  the central nervous system.

E  the archenteron.

A  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

B  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

C  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

D  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

E  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

A  Both cells will die immediately.

B  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.

C  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.

D  Both cells will develop abnormally.

E  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.