Exam 5

A  trophoblast

B  polyspermal

C  fertilization

D  polyspermy

A  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

B  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

C  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

D  It forms a blastula.

E  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

A  epiblast

B  hypoblast

C  fertilization.

D  blastopore

A    

B  develop into muscle tissue.

C  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

D  develop into epithelial tissue.

E  not develop if transplanted.

F  develop into connective tissue.

A  a slow block to polyspermy

B  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

C  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

D  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

E  a fast block to polyspermy

A  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

B  egg membrane depolarization.

C  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

D  fast block polyspermy.

E  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

A  to digest the jelly coat

B  to trigger the release of cortical granules

C  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

D  to nourish the oocyte

E  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

F  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

A  constant

B  fast

C  moderate

D  slow

A  fertilization

B  induction

C  specification

D  gastrulation

E  cleavage

A  The polar bodies bud from this region

B  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

C  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

D  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

E  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

A  to trigger the release of cortical granules

B  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

C  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

D  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

E  to digest the jelly coat

A  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

B  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

C  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

D  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

E  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

A  point of sperm entry

B  blastocoel

C  primitive streak

D  archenteron

E  blastopore

A  the cortical reaction

B  the acrosomal reaction

C  the slow block to polyspermy

D  fast block to polyspermy

E  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

A  IV, III, V, I, II

B  IV, V, I, III, II

C  V, III, IV, II, I

D  V, IV, II, III, I

E  III, V, II, IV, I

A  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

B  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

C  the cortical reaction

D  the fast block to polyspermy

E  the acrosomal reaction

A  the notochord in a mammal.

B  the archenteron in a frog.

C  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

D  neural crest cells in a mammal.

E  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

A  the blastocoel

B  digestive tract

C  heart and lungs

D  reproductive organs

E  brain and spinal cord

A  cleavage

B  specification

C  induction

D  fertilization

E  gastrulation

A  allantois

B  chorion

C  amnion

D  yolk sac

E  trophoblast

A  migrate to many different regions of the body.

B  differentiate into the brain.

C  form the notochord.

D  form the overlying ectoderm.

E  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

A  acrosome

B  protostome

C  blastopore

D  chromosome

A  preformation and epigenesis.

B  preformation and morphogenesis.

C    

D  cell division and differentiation.

E  preformation and cell differentiation.

F  differentiation and morphogenesis.

A  placental mammal.

B  reptile.

C  bird.

D  frog.

E  fish.

A  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

B  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

C  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

D  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

E  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Neural tube

B  Epidermis

C  Intestinal tract

D  Archenteron

E  Notochord

A  Notochord

B  Archenteron

C  Epidermis

D  Chorion

A  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

B  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

C  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

D  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

E  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

A  Sonic hedgehog

B  apical ectodermal ridge

C  zone of polarizing activity

D  HOX genes

E  cadherins

A  Fertilization

B  Gastrulation

C  Cleavage

D  Neurulation

E  Organogenesis

A  nucleus.

B  cytoskeleton.

C  extracellular matrix.

D  transport proteins.

A  amphibian

B  fish

C  bird

D  insect

E  sea urchin

A  histogenesis.

B  morphogenesis.

C  cell differentiation.

D  preformation.

E  fertilization.

A  fertilization.

B  gastrulation.

C  autonomous specification.

D  polar cap fusion.

E  organogenesis.

A  histogenesis.

B  hypoblast

C  gastrulation

D  preformation.

A  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

B  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

C  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

D  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

E  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  cell replication.

B  cell elasticity.

C  cell growth.

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  cell differentiation.

A  gastrulation.

B  fertilization.

C  neurulation.

D  organogenesis.

E  cleavage.

A  It maps the genes of an embryo.

B  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

C  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

D  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

E  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

A  Acrosome

B  blastopore

A  blastocoel.

B  endometrium.

C  blastopore

D  archenteron.

E  trophoblast.

A  nuclei in a zygote.

B  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

C  nuclei in an egg.

D  nuclei in an early embryo.

E  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

A  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

B  prevents gastrulation.

C  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

D  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

E  is concentrated at the animal pole.

A  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

B  the neural crest.

C  the central nervous system.

D  somites.

E  the archenteron.

A  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

B  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

C  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

D  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

E  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

A  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.

B  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.

C  Both cells will develop abnormally.

D  Both cells will die immediately.

E  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.