Exam 5

A  trophoblast

B  polyspermy

C  fertilization

D  polyspermal

A  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.

B  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.

C  It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.

D  It forms a blastula.

E  It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.

A  hypoblast

B  fertilization.

C  epiblast

D  blastopore

A  develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.

B  develop into muscle tissue.

C    

D  not develop if transplanted.

E  develop into connective tissue.

F  develop into epithelial tissue.

A  a slow block to polyspermy

B  hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome

C  a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes

D  the binding of a sperm cell to the egg

E  a fast block to polyspermy

A  the embryo to embed into the uterus.

B  egg membrane depolarization.

C  fast block polyspermy.

D  the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.

E  the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.

A  to digest the jelly coat

B  to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

C  to nourish the oocyte

D  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte

E  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

F  to trigger the release of cortical granules

A  moderate

B  fast

C  slow

D  constant

A  fertilization

B  cleavage

C  specification

D  induction

E  gastrulation

A  The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.

B  The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.

C  The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.

D  The polar bodies bud from this region

E  The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.

A  to digest the jelly coat

B  to trigger the release of cortical granules

C  to help propel the sperm toward the egg

D  to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm

E  to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell

A  induces blastulation of the developing embryo.

B  that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.

C  induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.

D  is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.

E  is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.

A  primitive streak

B  blastocoel

C  point of sperm entry

D  archenteron

E  blastopore

A  the entry of sperm DNA into the egg

B  the slow block to polyspermy

C  the acrosomal reaction

D  the cortical reaction

E  fast block to polyspermy

A  IV, III, V, I, II

B  V, III, IV, II, I

C  III, V, II, IV, I

D  IV, V, I, III, II

E  V, IV, II, III, I

A  both the acrosomal and cortical reactions

B  the acrosomal reaction

C  the cortical reaction

D  the fast block to polyspermy

E  both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy

A  the notochord in a mammal.

B  the archenteron in a frog.

C  polar bodies in a sea urchin.

D  the lip of the blastopore in the frog.

E  neural crest cells in a mammal.

A  reproductive organs

B  digestive tract

C  heart and lungs

D  brain and spinal cord

E  the blastocoel

A  fertilization

B  cleavage

C  specification

D  induction

E  gastrulation

A  chorion

B  allantois

C  yolk sac

D  trophoblast

E  amnion

A  migrate to many different regions of the body.

B  control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.

C  differentiate into the brain.

D  form the notochord.

E  form the overlying ectoderm.

A  blastopore

B  protostome

C  chromosome

D  acrosome

A  preformation and epigenesis.

B  differentiation and morphogenesis.

C    

D  cell division and differentiation.

E  preformation and cell differentiation.

F  preformation and morphogenesis.

A  bird.

B  placental mammal.

C  reptile.

D  fish.

E  frog.

A  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

B  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

C  acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium

D  acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

E  binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Notochord

B  Neural tube

C  Intestinal tract

D  Epidermis

E  Archenteron

A  Chorion

B  Epidermis

C  Archenteron

D  Notochord

A  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

B  Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.

C  Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

D  The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.

E  Discovery of Spemann’s organizer.

A  zone of polarizing activity

B  Sonic hedgehog

C  HOX genes

D  apical ectodermal ridge

E  cadherins

A  Cleavage

B  Organogenesis

C  Neurulation

D  Fertilization

E  Gastrulation

A  extracellular matrix.

B  transport proteins.

C  nucleus.

D  cytoskeleton.

A  insect

B  sea urchin

C  amphibian

D  fish

E  bird

A  morphogenesis.

B  fertilization.

C  cell differentiation.

D  histogenesis.

E  preformation.

A  organogenesis.

B  polar cap fusion.

C  fertilization.

D  gastrulation.

E  autonomous specification.

A  preformation.

B  gastrulation

C  hypoblast

D  histogenesis.

A  produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.

B  is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.

C  occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.

D  occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

E  proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  cell elasticity.

B  cell differentiation.

C  cell growth.

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  cell replication.

A  neurulation.

B  organogenesis.

C  cleavage.

D  gastrulation.

E  fertilization.

A  It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.

B  It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.

C  It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.

D  It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.

E  It maps the genes of an embryo.

A  blastopore

B  Acrosome

A  archenteron.

B  blastopore

C  trophoblast.

D  blastocoel.

E  endometrium.

A  cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.

B  nuclei in an egg.

C  cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

D  nuclei in a zygote.

E  nuclei in an early embryo.

A  impedes the formation of a primitive streak.

B  can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.

C  is homogeneously arranged in the egg.

D  is concentrated at the animal pole.

E  prevents gastrulation.

A  cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.

B  the neural crest.

C  somites.

D  the archenteron.

E  the central nervous system.

A  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation

B  fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis

C  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis

D  fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis

E  fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation

A  Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.

B  Both cells will develop abnormally.

C  Both cells will die immediately.

D  Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.

E  The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.