Chapter 9 Quiz

A    

B  Ghrelin, glycogen

C  Ketone, leptin

D  Ghrelin, leptin

E  Leptin, ghrelin

A  Establish positive consequences for inappropriate eating or sedentary behaviors.

B    

C  Diminish appropriate eating and activity cues.

D  Repeat the inappropriate eating and physical activity behaviors.

E  Strengthen the inappropriate eating cues you cannot eliminate.

F  Strengthen cues to appropriate eating and activities.

A  Surgery may help shift the makeup of the intestinal bacteria toward a healthier profile.

B  Depression and anxiety can improve after surgery.

C  After surgery, people can return to their previous lifestyle and food choices and not worry about regaining the weight.

D  After surgery, the stomach is smaller, forcing the person to eat smaller portions.

E  Diabetes, insulin resistance, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, and heart disease immediately improve.

A  Exercise reduces cortisol and gets rid of belly fat.

B  Working out weakens feelings of hunger; thus, active people generally eat less.

C  Physical activity decreases weight by promoting loss of bone density.

D  Working out builds muscle, and lean muscle tissue burns more calories per pound than fat does.

E  Working out requires extra sleep and getting extra sleep reduces food cravings and weight gain.

A  Obese people are more likely to use cocaine.

B  Obese people have too much dopamine.

C  Brain scans have shown that obese people are less likely to prefer fruit and vegetables.

D  Eating highly palatable food decreases energy expenditure.

E  Highly palatable food causes lasting changes in the brain’s reward system.

A  I, II, and III only

B  I and III only

C  I, II, III, and IV

D  I and V only

E  All are important strategies.

A  Fat loss suppresses leptin recognition.

B  It decreases energy expenditure.

C  It is a satiety hormone.

D  It is an appetite-stimulating hormone.

E  Obese people are often resistant to the effects of leptin.

A  All these groups are correct.

B  athletes

C  adults older than 65 years

D  pregnant and lactating women

E  children

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  three academic problems: poor test-taking skills, test anxiety, and fear of academic failure

B  three behaviors common in female athletes: perfectionism, anxiety, and depression

C  three associated medical problems: low energy availability, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis

D  three medical problems: heart disease, diabetes, and obesity

E  three athletic problems: impaired speed, loss of balance, and inflexibility

A  fatty acids

B  liver glycogen

C  muscle glycogen

D  ketone bodies

E  protein from lean tissue

A  hypothalamic weight-control theory

B  fluctuating metabolism theory

C  thermogenesis theory

D  set-point theory

E  microbiota theory

A  decreased basal metabolic rate

B  high body temperature

C  growth failure

D  kidney failure

E  weakened heart

A  thermogenesis theory

B  microbiota theory

C  hypothalamic weight-control theory

D  set-point theory

A  Thinking habits are just as important as eating habits to achieving a healthy body weight.

B  Cognitive skills, such as thinking habits, cannot be altered.

C  Only a trained psychotherapist should use behavior modification techniques.

D  Self-acceptance predicts failure, while self-loathing predicts success.

E  Many people succeed because their mental dialogue degrades their inappropriate habits.

A  muscle glycogen

B  liver glycogen

C  fatty acids

D  ketone bodies

E  protein from lean tissue

A  women over 50

B  athletes

C  adults between the ages of 19 and 50

D  pregnant women

E  the elderly

A  his or her body mass index (BMI)

B  his or her thermic effect of food

C  his or her energy expended through voluntary activities

D  his or her basal metabolic rate

E  his or her total energy output

A  Food C: weighs 50 grams and provides 100 calories

B  Food A: weighs 38 grams and provides 300 calories

C  Food D: weighs 600 grams and provides 1,000 calories

D  Food B: weighs 40 grams and provides 250 calories

E  Food E: weighs 200 grams and provides 750 calories

A  hang-gliding

B  horseback riding

C  smoking

D  drinking too much alcohol

E  having diabetes