Test 2

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Question #1

Federal law now requires the employers of fifty or more employees to provide:

A retirement counseling.

B pension plans.

C paid family leave for six months.

D unpaid family leave for up to twelve weeks.

E on-site child care.

Question #2

Mr. Ostrowski’s suggestion to Malcolm X that he become a carpenter instead of a lawyer is an example of

A pragmatic job counseling.

B occupational guidance.

C early job socialization.

D occupational steering.

E lateral mobility.

Question #3

Assembly-line work is typically thought to be alienating because

A it is repetitive.

B the tasks are too difficult.

C it requires more manual dexterity than many workers possess.

D it is poorly paid.

E new technologies have created too many stressful intellectual demands.

Question #4

Maslow is to self-actualization as Marx is to __________.

A boredom

B self-estrangement

C powerlessness

D revolution

E alienation

Question #5

The income squeeze refers to

A the difference between increasing family expenses across the life cycle and relatively stable earnings.

B the difference between the average earnings of new workers and experienced workers.

C the difference between the income of workers and the needs of their aged parents.

D the difference between the average earnings of adult children and their parents.

E the difference between the average earnings of husbands and wives.

Question #6

Which of the following work rule changes is most likely to increase the alienation of the workers?

A requiring that all promotion possibilities be posted for three weeks before the job is filled

B requiring workers to keep track of their expenses while traveling on company business

C requiring workers to eat only in the company cafeteria

D forbidding workers to talk with their co-workers

E installing a hot-line for anonymous complaints about safety concerns

Question #7

Home production would include all of the following EXCEPT

A writing freelance articles for publication.

B preparing meals.

C buying groceries.

D washing laundry.

E taking children to sports lessons.

Question #8

Strikes involving several trades simultaneously are called

A mass strikes.

B secondary boycotts.

C general strikes.

D sit-down strikes.

E gridlock strikes.

Question #9

The legal basis for the elimination of employment discrimination is

A the bill of rights.

B Brown v. Board of Education.

C the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

D the Executive Order of 1962.

E Title VII of the U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question #10

Mass-production workers used sit-down strikes as means of resistance. They could not withhold their labor because

A strikes were illegal.

B they were not unionized yet.

C family members employed by the same company would be fired.

D their wage was too cheap to stop working.

E they were considered to be easily replaceable.

Question #11

Which of the following is NOT true of the Knights of Labor?

A The Knights favored social and political reform.

B Like many early unions, it excluded working women.

C The Knights officially opposed strikes.

D It was basically a self-improvement and social reform society.

E It was a general union.

Question #12

In assessing the effects of alienation and self-actualization upon workers’ lives off the job, we may conclude that

A both self-actualization and alienation may have an effect outside the workplace.

B technology mediates the effects of alienation and self-actualization upon workers’ families.

C only self-actualization has an effect outside the workplace.

D alcohol, drug abuse, and family problems have no connection with workers’ job experiences.

E only alienation has an effect outside the workplace.

Question #13

Refer to the following set of facts: Lakeisha works in a medium-sized firm in Chicago. Her husband Michael works for a large firm and was recently transferred to Salt Lake City. Lakeisha and Michael have one daughter, Yvonne, who is two years old. Yvonne lives with her mother in Chicago. Which of the following fringe benefits could be most helpful in this situation?

A retirement counseling, defined contribution plans, and health care

B job sharing, paid leave, and elder care

C on-site child care, relocation counseling, and flextime

D maternal leave, health care, and education benefits

E elder care, a defined benefit plan, and health care

Question #14

The existence of a large proletariat is most consistent with the work of

A William Julius Wilson

B Barbara Reskin

C Karl Marx

D Max Weber

E Charles Tilly

Question #15

How does organizational structure affect job satisfaction?

A Opportunities for promotion appear to be unrelated to job satisfaction.

B Workers prefer small companies to large corporations.

C Job satisfaction increases as division of labor increases.

D The nature of the job tasks is unrelated to job satisfaction.

E Workers in very small companies report low job satisfaction due to limited job complexity.

Question #16

“Solidarity Forever,” a union inspirational song, was used

A as an ineffective organizing tool.

B to persuade employers to recognize unions.

C to persuade political parties to support unions.

D as an illegal labor practice.

E to convince workers that their problems are shared by others.

Question #17

Sociologists have suggested that the following are significant job characteristics in promoting healthy mental functioning among workers:

A job security, job rotation, and training

B job flexibility and diversity

C job rotation, close supervision, and flexibility

D job autonomy, complexity, and diversity

E job complexity and security

Question #18

A group that has often experienced upward mobility is

A the children of immigrants.

B part-time workers.

C the underclass.

D unskilled workers.

E divorced women.

Question #19

A contemporary successor of Marx, Seeman says alienation is subjectively experienced as:

A dissatisfaction, powerlessness, anger, self-estrangement, isolation

B dissatisfaction, powerlessness, meaninglessness, isolation, normlessness

C powerlessness, self-estrangement, meaninglessness, isolation, normlessness

D dissatisfaction, meaninglessness, powerlessness, isolation, anger, normlessness, self-estrangement

E anger, self-estrangement, meaninglessness, isolation, normlessness

Question #20

Which of the following is an intrinsic reward?

A fringe benefits

B job security

C positive relations with co-workers

D pay

E craft and machine tending.

Question #21

Which of the following is part of the ‘hidden curriculum’ of the kindergarten?

A learning how to use a pencil properly.

B learning to distinguish different colors.

C learning the letters of the alphabet.

D learning to raise one’s hand before speaking.

E learning to count to one hundred.

Question #22

A fast food worker may experience ____ because of the conflicting expectations to sell as much food as possible and to have pleasant interactions with customers.

A job angst

B self-actualization

C alienation

D bullying

E role strain

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