Lecture Exam 3

A  bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells

B  axon

C  organ

D  nerve cell

E  organelle in nerve cells

A  D, B, C, E, A

B  B, D, C, A, E

C  B, C, D, E, A

D  D, B, E, A, C

A  The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact

B  At least half the length of the fiber intact

C  At least the entire axon and neurilemma intact

D  At least part of the neurosoma intact

E  All dendrites intact

A  A resting membrane potential is established

B  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

C  Repolarization of the membrane

D  A local potential develops

E  Threshold is reached

A  hyperpolarizing

B  exiting the threshold

C  depolarizing

D  reaching the threshold

E  repolarizing

A  Nodes of Ranvier

B  Ependymal cells

C  Oligodendrocytes

D  Satellite cells

E  Schwann cells

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Secretion

B  Excitablity

C  Conductivity

D  Permeability

A  calcium and sodium; IPSP

B  chloride; IPSP

C  calcium; IPSP

D  sodium; IPSP

E  potassium; EPSP

A  Hypopolarization of the membrane

B  Threshold is reached

C  The resting membrane potential is reinstated

D  Depolarization of the membrane

E  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

A  Visceral motor division

B  Somatic sensory division

C  Visceral sensory division

D  Somatic motor division

E  Central nervous system

A  There are more internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

B  Diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster.

C  Active transport of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

D  There are no internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

E  Facilitated diffusion of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

A  afferent

B  somatic sensory

C  somatic motor

D  visceral sensory

E  visceral motor

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The RMP would be unaffected.

B  It would become more negative.

C  It would become more positive.

D  It would hyperpolarize.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  By diffusion

B  Along microtubules

C  Through co-transport

D  Via cytoplasmic streaming

A  lipids

B  polysaccharides

C  carbohydrates

D  glycoproteins

E  proteins

A  Depolarization of the plasma membrane

B  Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

C  Repolarization of the plasma membrane

D  Neutralization of the plasma membrane

E  Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

A  somatic motor

B  motor afferent

C  parasympathetic

D  sympathetic

E  sensory afferent

A  The axon

B  The neurosoma

C  The axon hillock

D  The Schwann cell

E  The dendrites

A  Potassium ions are leaving the cell

B  Both sodium and potassium ions are leaving the cell

C  Sodium ions are leaving the cell

D  Sodium ions are entering the cells

E  Potassium ions are entering the cell

A  A voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV

B  A voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV

C  A voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV

D  A voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV

E  A voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV

A  Down the entire length of an unmyelinated fiber

B  Down the entire length of a myelinated fiber

C  From node to node in myelinated fibers

D  From node to node in unmyelinated fibers

A  The axon terminals

B  The neurosomas

C  The dendrites

D  The axons

E  The axon collaterals

A  cells

B  organs

C  tissues

D  organelles

E  organ systems

A  they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell

B  they are released in response to stimulation

C  they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron

D  they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell

E  they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell

A  chloride gates are partially open

B  sodium gates are partially open

C  chloride gates are fully open

D  sodium gates are fully open

E  potassium gates are fully open

A  neural summation

B  spatial summation

C  temporal summation

D  neuronal coding

E  recruitment

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers .

B  Satellite cells cluster around each axon to form a pseudo-myelin sheath.

C  A Schwann cells wraps its plasma membrane around each individual fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

D  An oligodendrocyte cells wraps its plasma membrane around each fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

A  Neurotransmitters are no longer released.

B  The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis.

C  Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis.

D  Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.

E  Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid.

A  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters between cells, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the blood.

B  The nervous system releases hormones into the blood, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters between cells.

C  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the blood, while the endocrine system releases hormones between cells.

D  The nervous system releases hormones between cells, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the blood.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

B  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle

C  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

D  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle

A  nociceptors

B  chemoreceptors

C  proprioceptors

D  pain receptors

E  visceral receptors

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  posterior column

B  posterior root ganglion

C  anterior horn

D  anterior column

E  posterior horn

A  anterior root of a spinal nerve

B  anterior horn

C  posterior horn

D  posterior root of a spinal nerve

E  spinal nerve

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  tendon

B  crossed extension

C  flexor (withdrawal)

D  painful

E  stretch

A  Taste

B  Hearing

C  Touch

D  Vision

E  Smell

A  24

B  35

C  12

D  62

E  31

A  A fracture of vertebra C6

B  A fracture of vertebra L4

C  A fracture of vertebra T5

D  A fracture of vertebra C2

E  A fracture of vertebra T12

A  nerve fiber; neurosomas

B  nerve; neurosomas

C  nerve; axons

D  nerve fiber; nerves

E  nerve fiber; axons

A  Reflex responses are very predictable.

B  Reflexes do not require a stimulus.

C  Reflexes are responses to sensory inputs.

D  Reflexes are not voluntary.

E  Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.