Lecture Exam 3

A  organelle in nerve cells

B  axon

C  organ

D  bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells

E  nerve cell

A  B, C, D, E, A

B  D, B, E, A, C

C  D, B, C, E, A

D  B, D, C, A, E

A  All dendrites intact

B  At least part of the neurosoma intact

C  At least half the length of the fiber intact

D  The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact

E  At least the entire axon and neurilemma intact

A  A resting membrane potential is established

B  A local potential develops

C  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

D  Repolarization of the membrane

E  Threshold is reached

A  reaching the threshold

B  exiting the threshold

C  repolarizing

D  hyperpolarizing

E  depolarizing

A  Schwann cells

B  Oligodendrocytes

C  Ependymal cells

D  Nodes of Ranvier

E  Satellite cells

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Conductivity

B  Secretion

C  Excitablity

D  Permeability

A  chloride; IPSP

B  calcium; IPSP

C  calcium and sodium; IPSP

D  potassium; EPSP

E  sodium; IPSP

A  Threshold is reached

B  Depolarization of the membrane

C  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

D  The resting membrane potential is reinstated

E  Hypopolarization of the membrane

A  Somatic sensory division

B  Visceral sensory division

C  Central nervous system

D  Somatic motor division

E  Visceral motor division

A  There are no internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

B  Active transport of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

C  There are more internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

D  Facilitated diffusion of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

E  Diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster.

A  visceral motor

B  somatic motor

C  somatic sensory

D  visceral sensory

E  afferent

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The RMP would be unaffected.

B  It would hyperpolarize.

C  It would become more negative.

D  It would become more positive.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Through co-transport

B  Via cytoplasmic streaming

C  By diffusion

D  Along microtubules

A  proteins

B  glycoproteins

C  polysaccharides

D  lipids

E  carbohydrates

A  Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

B  Neutralization of the plasma membrane

C  Repolarization of the plasma membrane

D  Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

E  Depolarization of the plasma membrane

A  sympathetic

B  sensory afferent

C  parasympathetic

D  motor afferent

E  somatic motor

A  The Schwann cell

B  The axon hillock

C  The dendrites

D  The neurosoma

E  The axon

A  Potassium ions are leaving the cell

B  Both sodium and potassium ions are leaving the cell

C  Sodium ions are entering the cells

D  Sodium ions are leaving the cell

E  Potassium ions are entering the cell

A  A voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV

B  A voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV

C  A voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV

D  A voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV

E  A voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV

A  Down the entire length of an unmyelinated fiber

B  From node to node in myelinated fibers

C  From node to node in unmyelinated fibers

D  Down the entire length of a myelinated fiber

A  The axons

B  The axon collaterals

C  The axon terminals

D  The dendrites

E  The neurosomas

A  organelles

B  cells

C  organs

D  tissues

E  organ systems

A  they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell

B  they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell

C  they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell

D  they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron

E  they are released in response to stimulation

A  chloride gates are partially open

B  sodium gates are fully open

C  sodium gates are partially open

D  chloride gates are fully open

E  potassium gates are fully open

A  recruitment

B  temporal summation

C  neuronal coding

D  spatial summation

E  neural summation

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  An oligodendrocyte cells wraps its plasma membrane around each fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

B  A Schwann cells wraps its plasma membrane around each individual fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

C  A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers .

D  Satellite cells cluster around each axon to form a pseudo-myelin sheath.

A  Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis.

B  Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid.

C  Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.

D  The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis.

E  Neurotransmitters are no longer released.

A  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the blood, while the endocrine system releases hormones between cells.

B  The nervous system releases hormones into the blood, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters between cells.

C  The nervous system releases hormones between cells, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the blood.

D  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters between cells, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the blood.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

B  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

C  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle

D  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle

A  pain receptors

B  visceral receptors

C  nociceptors

D  chemoreceptors

E  proprioceptors

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  anterior horn

B  posterior root ganglion

C  posterior column

D  anterior column

E  posterior horn

A  posterior root of a spinal nerve

B  posterior horn

C  anterior root of a spinal nerve

D  spinal nerve

E  anterior horn

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  crossed extension

B  flexor (withdrawal)

C  tendon

D  painful

E  stretch

A  Hearing

B  Touch

C  Vision

D  Smell

E  Taste

A  31

B  24

C  62

D  35

E  12

A  A fracture of vertebra C6

B  A fracture of vertebra L4

C  A fracture of vertebra C2

D  A fracture of vertebra T5

E  A fracture of vertebra T12

A  nerve fiber; axons

B  nerve fiber; neurosomas

C  nerve; neurosomas

D  nerve fiber; nerves

E  nerve; axons

A  Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.

B  Reflexes are not voluntary.

C  Reflex responses are very predictable.

D  Reflexes are responses to sensory inputs.

E  Reflexes do not require a stimulus.