Lecture Exam 3

A  organelle in nerve cells

B  axon

C  bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells

D  nerve cell

E  organ

A  B, D, C, A, E

B  D, B, E, A, C

C  B, C, D, E, A

D  D, B, C, E, A

A  The neurosoma and at least some neurilemma intact

B  All dendrites intact

C  At least the entire axon and neurilemma intact

D  At least part of the neurosoma intact

E  At least half the length of the fiber intact

A  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

B  A resting membrane potential is established

C  Threshold is reached

D  A local potential develops

E  Repolarization of the membrane

A  exiting the threshold

B  depolarizing

C  reaching the threshold

D  repolarizing

E  hyperpolarizing

A  Schwann cells

B  Ependymal cells

C  Nodes of Ranvier

D  Oligodendrocytes

E  Satellite cells

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Conductivity

B  Permeability

C  Secretion

D  Excitablity

A  chloride; IPSP

B  potassium; EPSP

C  calcium and sodium; IPSP

D  sodium; IPSP

E  calcium; IPSP

A  Threshold is reached

B  Hyperpolarization of the membrane

C  Depolarization of the membrane

D  Hypopolarization of the membrane

E  The resting membrane potential is reinstated

A  Somatic sensory division

B  Visceral motor division

C  Somatic motor division

D  Central nervous system

E  Visceral sensory division

A  Active transport of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

B  There are more internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

C  Facilitated diffusion of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers.

D  Diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster.

E  There are no internodes in unmyelinated fibers.

A  somatic motor

B  somatic sensory

C  visceral sensory

D  visceral motor

E  afferent

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The RMP would be unaffected.

B  It would become more positive.

C  It would hyperpolarize.

D  It would become more negative.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Through co-transport

B  Along microtubules

C  By diffusion

D  Via cytoplasmic streaming

A  lipids

B  proteins

C  polysaccharides

D  carbohydrates

E  glycoproteins

A  Depolarization of the plasma membrane

B  Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

C  Neutralization of the plasma membrane

D  Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

E  Repolarization of the plasma membrane

A  somatic motor

B  sympathetic

C  parasympathetic

D  sensory afferent

E  motor afferent

A  The neurosoma

B  The Schwann cell

C  The axon

D  The axon hillock

E  The dendrites

A  Both sodium and potassium ions are leaving the cell

B  Potassium ions are entering the cell

C  Potassium ions are leaving the cell

D  Sodium ions are leaving the cell

E  Sodium ions are entering the cells

A  A voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV

B  A voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV

C  A voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV

D  A voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV

E  A voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV

A  From node to node in myelinated fibers

B  From node to node in unmyelinated fibers

C  Down the entire length of a myelinated fiber

D  Down the entire length of an unmyelinated fiber

A  The axons

B  The axon collaterals

C  The axon terminals

D  The neurosomas

E  The dendrites

A  cells

B  tissues

C  organs

D  organelles

E  organ systems

A  they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell

B  they are released in response to stimulation

C  they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell

D  they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell

E  they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron

A  sodium gates are partially open

B  chloride gates are partially open

C  sodium gates are fully open

D  chloride gates are fully open

E  potassium gates are fully open

A  temporal summation

B  neuronal coding

C  spatial summation

D  recruitment

E  neural summation

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A Schwann cell folds its plasma membrane around several fibers .

B  Satellite cells cluster around each axon to form a pseudo-myelin sheath.

C  An oligodendrocyte cells wraps its plasma membrane around each fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

D  A Schwann cells wraps its plasma membrane around each individual fiber as it does with myelinated fibers.

A  Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis.

B  Neurotransmitters are no longer released.

C  Enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.

D  The axon terminal reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis.

E  Neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid.

A  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters between cells, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the blood.

B  The nervous system releases hormones into the blood, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters between cells.

C  The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the blood, while the endocrine system releases hormones between cells.

D  The nervous system releases hormones between cells, while the endocrine system releases neurotransmitters into the blood.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

B  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle

C  Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle

D  Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

A  chemoreceptors

B  proprioceptors

C  visceral receptors

D  pain receptors

E  nociceptors

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  posterior root ganglion

B  posterior column

C  anterior horn

D  posterior horn

E  anterior column

A  spinal nerve

B  posterior horn

C  anterior root of a spinal nerve

D  posterior root of a spinal nerve

E  anterior horn

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  crossed extension

B  tendon

C  stretch

D  flexor (withdrawal)

E  painful

A  Smell

B  Taste

C  Hearing

D  Touch

E  Vision

A  24

B  35

C  31

D  12

E  62

A  A fracture of vertebra C2

B  A fracture of vertebra L4

C  A fracture of vertebra T5

D  A fracture of vertebra C6

E  A fracture of vertebra T12

A  nerve fiber; axons

B  nerve fiber; nerves

C  nerve fiber; neurosomas

D  nerve; axons

E  nerve; neurosomas

A  Reflexes are responses to sensory inputs.

B  Reflexes are not voluntary.

C  Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.

D  Reflexes do not require a stimulus.

E  Reflex responses are very predictable.