Exam 2

A  metapopulations, meta-populations, metapopulation, or meta-population

B  multipopulations, multi-populations, multipopulation, or multi-population

A  the middle of the “Precambrian” time

B  the end of the Paleozoic era

C  the beginning of the Paleozoic era

D  the end of the Cenozoic era

E  the end of the Mesozoic era

A  during the beginning of Earth’s history, at the start of the Hadeon eon.

B  throughout the Mesozoic era.

C  throughout the Paleozoic era.

D  at the end of the Mesozoic era

E  at the end of the Paleozoic era

A  The death rate equals the birth rate and immigration is equal to emigration.

B  The birth rate exceeds the death rate and immigration exceeds emigration.

C  Emigration exceeds immigration and the birth rate equals the death rate.

D  The birth rate and the death rate are equal.

E  The carrying capacity is exceeded.

A  30north, 30, 30 south, 30 north and south, 30N, thirty, 30N/S, 30 S, 30 north, or 30northandsouth

B  20north, 20, 20 south, 20 north and south, 20N, twenty, 20N/S, 20 S, 20 north, or 20northandsouth

C  60north, 60, 60 south, 60 north and south, 60N, sixty, 60N/S, 60 S, 60 north, or 60northandsouth

A  flood

B  algal blooms

C  coral bleaching

D  decline in limiting nutrient levels

E  zooplankton blooms

A  One of the carnivore species in this community will eventually competitively exclude the others.

B  The realized and the fundamental niches are the same for all of the carnivore species in this community.

C  The differences in skull morphology are due to character displacement.

D  The carnivores in this community all occupy the same realized niche.

E  There is a high degree of overlap in prey preference between the carnivores in this community.

A  Mesozoic era

B  Cenozoic era

C  Proterozoic eon

D  Paleozoic era

A  Paleozoic era

B  Cenozoic era

C  Proterozoic eon

D  Mesozoic era

A  Paleozoic era

B  Cenozoic era

C  Proterozoic eon

D  Mesozoic era

A  1,000J

B  90,000J

C  10,000J

D  100J

E  900J

F  9,000J

A  The origin of life

B  The origin of multicellularity

C  The Cambrian Explosion

D  The evolution of photosynthesis

E  The formation of Earth’s oceans

A  similar

B  independent

C  relevant

D  dependent

A  Endoparasite

B  Predator

C  Ectoparasite

D  Commensalist

E  Mutualist

A  photosynthesis

B  respiration

C  decomposition

D  combustion

A  fossil fuel use

B  wood burning

C  agricultural practices

D  land management

A  differential

B  exponential

C  high rate of

A  The prediction was wrong; human populations can grow indefinitely.

B  Humans continue to find ways to enhance environmental quality, thus enabling more people to be supported.

C  The two world wars and the AIDS crisis caused such massive mortality that the human population has stabilized.

D  Technological advances unforeseen at that time increased the carrying capacity to a greater extent and faster than predicted.

E  Dramatic reductions in fertility rates ended population growth before the crisis point was reached.

A  that they would have high survivorship.

B  that they would likely be large in size.

C  that they would likely be small in size.

D  that they would require a large amount of parental care.

A  The pattern of movement in the Ferrel cells drives the increased levels of biodiversity.

B  The polar regions receive more light than the other latitudes due to the curvature of the globe.

C  The latitudes tilted towards the Sun are able to support the highest amount of biodiversity.

D  The equator receives the highest concentration of light per unit area.

A  parasitism, commensalism

B  commensalism, parasitism

C  predation, commensalism

D  commensalism, mutualism

A  eutrophication

B  nitrogen fixation

C  leaching

D  denitrification

A  heterotrophs

B  autotrophs

C  detritivores

D  herbivores

A  intense heat in the summer months

B  territory marking behavior with urine

C  salinity levels of drinking water

D  parasitic worms in the digestive tract and salinity levels of drinking water

E  territory marking behavior with urine and parasitic worms in the digestive tract

A  removal of predators

B  favorable climatic conditions

C  decreased death rate

D  competition for resources

A  One with very high species diversity

B  One where the keystone species has been removed

C  One with relatively high species richness

D  One with uniformly spaced vegetation

E  One with relatively low species richness

F  One that lacks decomposers

A  dominant

B  clump, clumped

C  unity

D  pelagic

A  C. taxifolia will have a hard time establishing itself because it will have to compete against native species of sea grasses, which are better adapted to the environment.

B  Because it is not in the Indian Ocean, its natural environment, C. taxifolia will not be able to grow efficiently.

C  C. taxifolia will grow rapidly, leading to an increase in diversity of producers.

D  Without natural herbivores or competitors, C. taxifolia will grow rapidly and crowd out native species of producers.

A  Coriolis, coroilis, coreolis, corialis, corilis, corioles, coriolus, or corolis

B  aphotic

C  gravity

A  K-selected

B  Keystone

C  r-selected

D  Dominant

E  Pioneer

A  eutrophication

B  denitrification

C  nitrification

D  bioremediation

A  Pelagic

B  Littoral

C  Aphotic

D  Intertidal

A  Aphotic

B  Pelagic

C  Littoral

D  Intertidal

A  Intertidal

B  Pelagic

C  Littoral

D  Aphotic

A  Aphotic

B  Pelagic

C  Littoral

D  Intertidal

A  Type II

B  Type III

C  Type IV

D  Type I

A  two species will stop reproducing until one species leaves the habitat

B  species will work together to exclude invaders

C  competition between two species always causes extinction of one species

D  two species cannot share the same niche in a habitat

E  only the strong survive

A  energy invested in finding a mate

B  energy consumers invest in finding prey

C  energy stored in new biomass of producers

D  energy invested in any offspring

A  The warm, moist Pacific air rises and cools, releasing precipitation as it moves up the windward side of the range. This cool, now dry air mass heats up as it descends on the leeward side of the range.

B  These air masses are blocked by the mountain ranges, producing high annual amounts of precipitation on the windward sides of these mountain ranges.

C  The cool, moist Pacific air heats up as it rises, releasing its precipitation as it passes the tops of the mountains. This warm, now dry air cools as it descends on the leeward side of the range.

D  The cool, dry Pacific air heats up and picks up moisture from evaporation of the snowcapped peaks of the mountain range, releasing this moisture as precipitation when the air cools while descending on the leeward side of the range.

A  Most carnivores function at more than one trophic level.

B  Top carnivores are too few in number to prey effectively.

C  The ecosystem contains too much biomass.

D  Trophic levels above this number contain too many individuals.

E  Energy is lost from each trophic level.

A  precipitation

B  upwelling

C  turnover or seasonal turnover

A  ecosystem ecology

B  estuary, estuaries

C  marine biome

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Its age structure will change, but its growth rate will remain unchanged.

B  First, its death rate will decrease, followed by its birth rate.

C  First, its birth rate will decrease, followed by its death rate.

D  Its birth and death rates will decrease simultaneously.

E  Its growth rate will first fall, but later recover.

A  a hybridization of species

B  a mutualistic symbiotic relationship

C  intraspecific competition

D  interspecific competition

E  a predator-prey relationship

A  Background extinction can result from particularly strong competition or predation.

B  Mass extinction is the term used when 25% of the species present are wiped out.

C  The largest mass extinction event is considered the end-Cretaceous extinction.

D  There have been 5 or 6 documented background extinction events in the current eon.

A  ecosystem ecology

B  population ecology

C  community ecology

D  none of these options considers abiotic factors

E  organismal ecology

A  warm all year round with extended drought periods

B  the largest terrestrial biome

C  contains the highest amount of biodiversity per unit area

D  the plant life here goes dormant, dropping leaves, during winter

E  cointains permafrost in the soil impacting plant life

A  the plant life here goes dormant, dropping leaves, during winter

B  warm all year round with extended drought periods

C  contains the highest amount of biodiversity per unit area

D  the largest terrestrial biome

E  cointains permafrost in the soil impacting plant life

A  cointains permafrost in the soil impacting plant life

B  the plant life here goes dormant, dropping leaves, during winter

C  contains the highest amount of biodiversity per unit area

D  the largest terrestrial biome

E  warm all year round with extended drought periods

A  contains the highest amount of biodiversity per unit area

B  warm all year round with extended drought periods

C  the largest terrestrial biome

D  cointains permafrost in the soil impacting plant life

E  the plant life here goes dormant, dropping leaves, during winter

A  Dandelions, which disperse small seeds long distances on wind currents

B  Oak trees, which produce many offspring and mature late

C  Jellyfish, which produce many offspring that do not receive parental care

A  resiliency

B  demography

C  primary succession

D  secondary succession

A  Volcanic activity

B  Soil pH

C  Depth

D  Correct. Precipitation is a key abiotic factor influencing the distribution of biomes.

E  Precipitation

A  cryptic coloration

B  warning coloration

C  mechanical defence

A  mechanical defence

B  warning coloration

C  cryptic coloration

A  warning coloration

B  cryptic coloration

C  mechanical defence

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  30

B  36

C  33

A  0.06

B  .06

C  -0.06

A  shark

B  tuna

C  shrimp

D  eel

E  phytoplankton

A  phytoplankton

B  shark

C  tuna

D  shrimp

E  eel

A  Energy is converted to dissipated heat from cellular respiration reactions.
Energy lost in undigested feces.
Biomass is not consumed.

B  Energy is converted to dissipated heat from cellular respiration reactions.

C  Energy lost in undigested feces and energy returns to the lower trophic level.

D  Energy returns to the lower trophic level.

E  Biomass is not consumed.

A  The fundamental and realized niches of the small bluegills are the same.

B  The fundamental niche of the medium bluegills has decreased in the presence of predators.
The fundamental niche of the large bluegills has decreased in the presence of predators.

C  The fundamental and realized niches of the large bluegills are different.

D  The fundamental and realized niches of the small bluegills are different.
The fundamental and realized niches of the medium bluegills are different.
The fundamental and realized niches of the large bluegills are the same.
The three sizes of bluegills all have the same fundamental niche as each other.

E  The fundamental and realized niches of the small bluegills are different.

F  The fundamental niche of the small bluegills has decreased in the presence of predators.