Chapter 5 Post Test

A  the Twentieth, Twenty-First, and Twenty-Second amendments

B  the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments

C  the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh amendments

D  the First, Second, and Third amendments

A  the burden of proof is on the plaintiff to show that there is no rational basis, whatsoever, for the government’s rules.

B  government classification schemes are enacted only when a cost-benefit analysis proves that they will help more people than they will hurt.

C  courts determine whether to uphold government policies based on a “rational” interpretation of the Constitution.

D  courts use a points-based formula for calculating whether the plaintiff or the government bears the burden of proof.

A  Japanese

B  Chinese

C  Mexicans

D  Russians

A  asserted that there was a constitutional right to privacy for consensual homosexual activity.

B  asserted that there was no constitutional right to privacy for consensual homosexual activity.

C  upheld the constitutionality of state-level bans on same-sex marriage.

D  guaranteed same-sex couples the right to marry in all states.

A  three-tiered system Congress uses in determining which groups will receive funding from the federal government.

B  four-step system the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission uses to investigate workplace discrimination complaints.

C  three-tiered system federal courts use in determining the government’s burden of proof during challenges to state-imposed systems of classification.

D  four-step system the Department of Justice uses to investigate claims of voter intimidation and disenfranchisement.

A  the Equal Rights Amendment

B  Section 5 of the 1965 Voting Rights Act

C  the Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act

D  Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

A  asserted that violations of Title IX of the 1972 Education Act could be remedied with monetary damages.

B  permitted public schools to experiment with gender segregation.

C  ruled that busing was unconstitutional.

D  narrowed the free speech rights that students enjoyed at school.

A  ruled that gays and lesbians should be allowed to marry.

B  Extended the right to privacy to sexual minorities.

C  denied that homosexuals were a protected class under the Fourteenth Amendment.

D  upheld a state law banning private homosexual activity.

A  Civil Rights Act of 1964.

B  Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

C  federal courts, not laws passed by Congress.

D  amended Civil Rights Act of 1991.

A  Russian

B  Chinese

C  Mexican

D  Italian

A  makes the deportation of undocumented children a top priority for federal immigration officials.

B  provides citizenship to any undocumented immigrant who came to the United States as a young child if he or she graduates from high school.

C  instructs immigration officials to take no action to deport law-abiding individuals who entered the United States illegally as children.

D  requires universities to make admissions decisions about the applications of undocumented students after all other applications have been evaluated.

A  Guadalupe Hidalgo

B  Martin Luther King, Jr.,

C  Gonzalo Mendez

D  César Chávez

A  shift the burden of proof away from the accused and toward the accuser in cases of sexual assault and harassment on campus.

B  institute affirmative action policies that take race, gender, and sexual orientation into account during the admissions process.

C  end all affirmative action programs.

D  shift the burden of proof away from the accuser and toward the accused in cases of sexual assault and harassment on campus.

A  the Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act

B  the Declaration of Independence

C  the Fourteenth Amendment

D  the Equal Rights Amendment

A  intermediate scrutiny

B  loose scrutiny

C  stare decisis

D  strict scrutiny

A  The Court upheld the “separate but equal” doctrine.

B  The Court outlawed de facto segregation.

C  The Court outlawed de jure segregation.

D  The Court allowed school systems to desegregate on a case-by-case basis.

A  Dred Scott was a free citizen.

B  the Missouri Compromise was constitutional in all aspects.

C  enslaved people were not citizens of the United States.

D  African Americans had a right to “equal protection” under the U.S. Constitution.

A  the 1963 March on Washington.

B  the southern states’ strategy of “massive resistance” to federal attempts at desegregation.

C  the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson.

D  revelations of Nazi racial atrocities during World War II.

A  the Supreme Court ruled that federal troops could not be stationed in southern states.

B  northern Republicans agreed to end federal occupation of the South if southern Democrats allowed Rutherford B. Hayes to become president.

C  in 1876, state legislatures in the South passed laws forcing the federal government to remove all troops immediately.

D  African Americans had been granted full social, political, and economic equality in the South.

A  marked the starting point of the modern women’s movement.

B  marked the starting point of the abolitionist movement.

C  marked the end of the modern women’s movement.

D  led to the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments.

A  logrolling

B  reapportionment

C  gerrymandering

D  redlining

A  opening numerous private schools and academies.

B  busing children from poor urban school districts to wealthier suburban ones.

C  providing White parents with tax credits if they enrolled their children in all-Black schools.

D  attracting more Black students to White schools by hiring only African American teachers.

A  challenge the Justice Department efforts to segregate schools.

B  segregate Black and White children in separate schools.

C  desegregate schools that were racially segregated.

D  expand federal aid to segregated schools across the South.

A  the NAACP’s efforts to use the federal judiciary to challenge segregation in southern states during the 1930s.

B  the movement of White southerners opposing the Reconstruction policies of the federal government during the 1870s.

C  attempts by White southerners during the 1950s to block the federal government’s school desegregation efforts.

D  the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott of the 1950s.

A  Ferguson, Missouri.

B  New York City, New York.

C  Chicago, Illinois.

D  Baltimore, Maryland.

A  In Loving v. Virginia, the Court established that marriage was a basic civil right.

B  Loving v. Virginia extended the right to privacy to sexual minorities.

C  In 1967, the Court ruled that same-sex marriage was unconstitutional in some states.

D  In 1967, the Court ruled that interracial marriage was not necessary for people’s existence and survival.

A  Minority turnout would likely not be affected one way or another

B  Minority turnout would be the same as non-minority turnout.

C  Minority turnout would likely be higher after voter ID laws than before.

D  Minority turnout would likely be lower after voter ID laws than before.

A  Rosa Parks

B  Lucretia Mott

C  Elizabeth Cady Stanton

D  Orbal Faubus

A  de facto segregation.

B  separate but equal segregation.

C  de jure segregation.

D  in loco parentis segregation.

A  civil disobedience.

B  radio and television advertising.

C  mass marches and protests.

D  lawsuits.

A  the State Department

B  the President

C  the Supreme Court

D  Congress

A  established the “separate but equal” rule.

B  declared that segregation by race was unconstitutional.

C  upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1875.

D  ruled that the equal protection clause applied only to the federal government and not to state governments

A  protect formerly enslaved people from discrimination in public accommodations such as hotels and theaters.

B  protect women against disenfranchisement in the voting booth.

C  protect African Americans against disenfranchisement in the voting booth.

D  expand the protections of the Fourteenth Amendment to recent Asian immigrants.

A  the convention where leaders of the Confederacy and the Union negotiated the end of the Civil War

B  a meeting in upstate New York during the mid-nineteenth century regarding women’s rights

C  the convention that wrote and debated the Fourteenth Amendment

D  an important gathering that initiated the abolitionist movement

A  It established the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments, which the Confederacy had rejected.

B  It reinforced the institution of slavery and denied the rights of citizenship to all Black Americans, either free or enslaved.

C  It weakened the institution of slavery by granting the rights of citizenship to all Black Americans, either free or enslaved.

D  It declared that slavery unconstitutional.

A  “liberty” had historically been represented as a male figure, not a female figure.

B  it was in New York—a state that had prohibited women from owning property throughout its history.

C  the statue wore clothes that were inappropriate for women during the time.

D  it was supposed to represent “liberty,” yet women could not vote in the United States.

A  the Fourteenth Amendment

B  the commerce clause

C  the Thirteenth Amendment

D  the Tenth Amendment

A  intermediate

B  strict

C  low

D  full

A  does not discriminate against any individual on the basis of race, gender, or national origin.

B  eliminates all “negative externalities” in its attempt to achieve a “constitutionally defined imperative.”

C  is “broadly construed” to achieve a “constitutionally defined imperative.”

D  serves a “compelling interest,” is “narrowly tailored to achieve that goal,” and that the government has used the “least restrictive means” for achieving its compelling interest.

A  the decision to uphold policies that created separate schools for Mexican Americans in California was eventually overturned by Brown v. Board of Education.

B  the decision to overturn school segregation of Mexican American students in California served as a precursor to Brown v. Board of Education.

C  it was the first court case in American history to rule on the issue of segregation.

D  it overturned state laws on who can become an American citizen.

A  significantly hurt the women’s movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it only outlawed discrimination on the basis of race.

B  was a valuable tool for the women’s movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it prohibited gender discrimination.

C  significantly hurt the women’s movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it required the government to treat men and women differently in many areas of public policy.

D  was a valuable tool for the women’s movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it added the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution.

A  had the same legal status as any other citizen of the United States.

B  were federal citizens but not citizens of the states in which they lived.

C  were considered to be unauthorized immigrants, unless they lived on reservations.

D  were considered to be foreigners because their tribes were regarded as separate nations.

A  that undocumented immigrants cannot apply for jobs that receive federal subsidies

B  that local police check the immigration status of a detained individual

C  that immigrants carry identity papers

D  that police can stop persons they suspect of being undocumented immigrants

A  NCAA, MLB, and NFL

B  NRDC, NAACP, and ACLU

C  NOW, NARAL, and Emily’s List

D  G.I. Forum, LULAC, and MALDEF

A  won approval in the House but not in the Senate.

B  was vetoed by President Ronald Reagan.

C  was not ratified by the necessary 38 states.

D  won approval in the Senate but not in the House.

A  Taft

B  Burger

C  Rehnquist

D  Warren

A  States that segregate must spend more money to make African American schools equal.

B  School segregation is unethical but does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.

C  Racially segregated schools can never be equal.

D  States that segregate must spend less money on all-White schools in order to make them equal with African American schools.

A  1910s.

B  1960s.

C  1930s.

D  1890s.

A  The NAACP was legally prohibited from contacting elected officials at the state and local levels and therefore had no other alternative than a strategy of litigation.

B  The NAACP was composed of five members and, due to the fact that they were all lawyers, the strategy of litigation seemed to be the most logical choice.

C  Many judges were African American and therefore more sympathetic than legislators to the claims of the NAACP.

D  The northern African American vote was too small to bring about policy change at the legislative level, so the NAACP chose a strategy of litigation.

A  struck down an Arizona law requiring that individuals produce proof of U.S. citizenship in order to register to vote.

B  struck down the 1965 Voting Rights Act’s formula for determining whether a jurisdiction needed federal preclearance before making any changes to its voting laws or practices.

C  upheld the 1965 Voting Rights Act’s formula for determining whether a jurisdiction needed federal preclearance before making any changes to its voting laws or practices.

D  struck down all state laws that required voters to show photo identification before casting a ballot.

A  prevented state governments from denying “any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”

B  granted women the right to vote.

C  lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.

D  abolished the poll tax.

A  created an independent circuit of federal courts devoted entirely to school desegregation litigation.

B  eliminated the Department of Justice and replaced it with the Department of Civil Rights.

C  authorized the Justice Department to implement federal court orders to desegregate schools without having to wait for individual parents to bring complaints.

D  prohibited the Justice Department from implementing federal court orders to desegregate schools unless at least three individual parents filed formal complaints.

A  end school segregation in the Southern states.

B  discourage police departments to adopt new rules regarding police behavior.

C  end discriminatory treatment of African Americans by the police.

D  launch a large campaign against segregationists across the United States.

A  sequestering.

B  de facto segregation.

C  predatory lending.

D  redlining.

A  a test used by the Supreme Court that places the burden of proof partially on the government and partially on the challengers to show that the law in question is unconstitutional.

B  the apportionment of voters in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one racial or ethnic group or political party.

C  a set of regulations determining which schools receive grants-in-aid from the federal government.

D  a test used by the Supreme Court that places the burden of proof on the government rather than on the challengers to show that the law in question is constitutional.

A  de jure.

B  libertarian.

C  organic.

D  de facto.

A  contract clauses added by the seller of a home that required the buyer to agree never to sell the home to any non-Caucasian.

B  policies enacted by the U.S. military during World War II that segregated soldiers on the basis of race.

C  agreements between state and local governments to provide higher levels of funding for all White schools than for all Black schools.

D  state-level bans on interracial marriage.

A  not implemented because of a lack of tax revenue.

B  severely limited in scope by the Supreme Court.

C  more strongly defended by individual states than by the federal government.

D  ruled unconstitutional.

A  no person may be held in involuntary servitude, that is to say, slavery.

B  equal pay for all races.

C  African American men the right to vote.

D  due process of law to all citizens of the United States.

A  The Court’s decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford expanded rights for African Americans.

B  Opposition to slavery influenced the abolitionist movement.

C  Slavery was vital to the economy of the South.

D  Southerners broke into post offices to destroy antislavery literature.