Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A pivot

B saddle

C ball and socket

D hinge

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A There are three structural categories of articulations.

B An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

C Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

D Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

E All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A multiaxial

B uniaxial

C gliding

D biaxial

E ellipsoid

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A sliding

B angular

C rotational

D eversion

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A dislocation.

B hyperflexion.

C hypertrophy.

D supination.

E hyperextension.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A adduction; abduction

B flexion; extension

C extension; flexion

D abduction; adduction

E extension; hyperextension

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A rotation.

B extension.

C abduction.

D flexion.

E adduction.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A saddle

B condyle

C hinge

D plane

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Supination and extension

B Pronation and adduction

C Protraction and rotation

D Eversion and abduction

E Depression and flexion

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A dense regular connective tissue.

B dense irregular connective tissue.

C articular cartilage.

D fibrocartilage.

E areolar connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Second costochondral joint

B First costochondral joint

C Intervertebral joint

D First sternocostal joint

E Second sternocostal joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Ball and socket

B Plane

C Saddle

D Condylar

E Pivot

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A abduction.

B pronation.

C protraction.

D supination.

E eversion.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A flexing

B hyperextending

C elevating

D circumducting

E rotating

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A dislocated.

B slightly mobile.

C fused.

D freely mobile.

E immobile.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A syndesmosis.

B synarthrosis.

C synchondrosis.

D synostosis.

E suture.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A fat pads.

B menisci.

C articular discs.

D bursae.

E diarthroses.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

B Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

C Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

D Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

E Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Distal humerus

B Phalanges

C Os coxa

D Distal head of femur

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Epiphyseal line

B Endosteum

C Nutrient foramina

D Red bone marrow

E Yellow bone marrow

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Hormone synthesis

B Hemopoiesis

C Body movement

D Protection

E Mineral storage

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Circumferential lamellae

B Canaliculi

C Concentric lamellae

D Perforating canals

E Interstitial lamellae

Question #25

Flat bones

A protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

B have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

C have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

D include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

E are, by definition, not at all curved.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

B calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

C glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

D calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

E steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

B It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C It is located deep to compact bone.

D Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

E It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A red marrow to yellow marrow.

B spongy bone to compact bone.

C bone marrow to spongy bone.

D yellow marrow to red marrow.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

B It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

C It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

D It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

E It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A kidney.

B liver.

C skin.

D bone.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B forms diploe in the cranial bones.

C All of the choices are correct.

D has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

E contains no osteocytes.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

B osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

C osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

D chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A brain to produce serotonin.

B parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

C liver to produce calcitonin.

D liver to produce somatomedin.

E thyroid to produce calcitriol.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Elastic fibers

B Collagen fibers

C Trabeculae

D Yellow bone marrow

E Inorganic salts

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Gel-like ground substance

B Matrix of protein fibers

C Avascular

D Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

E Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Parathyroid hormone

B Calcitonin

C Growth hormone

D Estrogen and testosterone

E Thyroid hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoblasts

B osteoprogenitor cells

C osteoid cells

D osteoclasts

E osteocytes

Question #43

Compact bone

A is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

B All of the choices are correct.

C is avascular.

D is composed of tubular units called osteons.

E has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteocytes

B Bone-lining cells

C Osteoprogenitor cells

D Osteoblasts

E Osteoclasts

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A intramembranous ossification.

B endochondral ossification.

C orthodontia.

D mesenchymal ossification.

E bone remodeling.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Reticular cartilage

B Fibrocartilage

C Articular cartilage

D Elastic cartilage

E Hyaline cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A dense connective tissue

B hyaline cartilage

C osteoid

D membranous

E mesenchyme

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Forms articular surface

B Provides passageway for blood vessels

C Supports soft tissues

D Provides flexibility for bending

E Site of bone elongation and growth

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A radius (of forearm).

B trapezoid (of wrist).

C sternum (breast bone).

D femur (of thigh).

E calcaneus (heel).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A high

B low

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