Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A saddle

B pivot

C hinge

D ball and socket

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A There are three structural categories of articulations.

B All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

C Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

D Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

E An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A multiaxial

B uniaxial

C gliding

D ellipsoid

E biaxial

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A sliding

B rotational

C angular

D eversion

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A hyperflexion.

B supination.

C hypertrophy.

D dislocation.

E hyperextension.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A flexion; extension

B extension; hyperextension

C abduction; adduction

D adduction; abduction

E extension; flexion

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A flexion.

B rotation.

C adduction.

D abduction.

E extension.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A saddle

B hinge

C plane

D condyle

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Eversion and abduction

B Pronation and adduction

C Supination and extension

D Depression and flexion

E Protraction and rotation

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A articular cartilage.

B dense regular connective tissue.

C dense irregular connective tissue.

D areolar connective tissue.

E fibrocartilage.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A First sternocostal joint

B Second costochondral joint

C Intervertebral joint

D Second sternocostal joint

E First costochondral joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Plane

B Ball and socket

C Pivot

D Saddle

E Condylar

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A eversion.

B protraction.

C supination.

D abduction.

E pronation.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A rotating

B hyperextending

C circumducting

D elevating

E flexing

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A freely mobile.

B dislocated.

C slightly mobile.

D immobile.

E fused.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synchondrosis.

B synostosis.

C synarthrosis.

D suture.

E syndesmosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A diarthroses.

B menisci.

C fat pads.

D articular discs.

E bursae.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

B Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

C Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

D Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

E Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Distal head of femur

B Phalanges

C Distal humerus

D Os coxa

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Endosteum

B Red bone marrow

C Yellow bone marrow

D Nutrient foramina

E Epiphyseal line

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Hormone synthesis

B Mineral storage

C Body movement

D Hemopoiesis

E Protection

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Canaliculi

B Interstitial lamellae

C Perforating canals

D Concentric lamellae

E Circumferential lamellae

Question #25

Flat bones

A protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

B are, by definition, not at all curved.

C have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

D include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

E have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

B steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

C calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

D phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

E calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

B Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

C It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

D It is located deep to compact bone.

E It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A spongy bone to compact bone.

B bone marrow to spongy bone.

C yellow marrow to red marrow.

D red marrow to yellow marrow.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

B It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

C It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

D It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

E It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A bone.

B kidney.

C skin.

D liver.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B All of the choices are correct.

C contains no osteocytes.

D has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

E forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

B osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

C chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

D osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A brain to produce serotonin.

B liver to produce somatomedin.

C parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

D thyroid to produce calcitriol.

E liver to produce calcitonin.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Elastic fibers

B Collagen fibers

C Trabeculae

D Yellow bone marrow

E Inorganic salts

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Avascular

B Gel-like ground substance

C Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

D Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

E Matrix of protein fibers

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Calcitonin

B Parathyroid hormone

C Thyroid hormone

D Growth hormone

E Estrogen and testosterone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoblasts

B osteoprogenitor cells

C osteoid cells

D osteoclasts

E osteocytes

Question #43

Compact bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

C has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

D is avascular.

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteocytes

B Osteoclasts

C Bone-lining cells

D Osteoprogenitor cells

E Osteoblasts

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A bone remodeling.

B endochondral ossification.

C mesenchymal ossification.

D intramembranous ossification.

E orthodontia.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Articular cartilage

B Hyaline cartilage

C Reticular cartilage

D Fibrocartilage

E Elastic cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A mesenchyme

B osteoid

C hyaline cartilage

D dense connective tissue

E membranous

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Supports soft tissues

B Provides passageway for blood vessels

C Forms articular surface

D Provides flexibility for bending

E Site of bone elongation and growth

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A femur (of thigh).

B calcaneus (heel).

C sternum (breast bone).

D radius (of forearm).

E trapezoid (of wrist).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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