Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A saddle

B hinge

C ball and socket

D pivot

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A There are three structural categories of articulations.

B Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

C All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

D An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

E Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A multiaxial

B biaxial

C gliding

D ellipsoid

E uniaxial

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A sliding

B eversion

C rotational

D angular

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A hypertrophy.

B supination.

C hyperflexion.

D dislocation.

E hyperextension.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A extension; flexion

B abduction; adduction

C flexion; extension

D adduction; abduction

E extension; hyperextension

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A flexion.

B adduction.

C rotation.

D extension.

E abduction.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A condyle

B plane

C saddle

D hinge

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Eversion and abduction

B Pronation and adduction

C Protraction and rotation

D Supination and extension

E Depression and flexion

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A articular cartilage.

B dense regular connective tissue.

C fibrocartilage.

D areolar connective tissue.

E dense irregular connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A First costochondral joint

B First sternocostal joint

C Second sternocostal joint

D Intervertebral joint

E Second costochondral joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Pivot

B Saddle

C Condylar

D Plane

E Ball and socket

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A eversion.

B protraction.

C supination.

D pronation.

E abduction.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A rotating

B elevating

C circumducting

D hyperextending

E flexing

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A slightly mobile.

B dislocated.

C fused.

D freely mobile.

E immobile.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A syndesmosis.

B synarthrosis.

C synostosis.

D suture.

E synchondrosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A fat pads.

B bursae.

C diarthroses.

D articular discs.

E menisci.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

B Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

C Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

D Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

E Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Os coxa

B Phalanges

C Distal humerus

D Distal head of femur

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Red bone marrow

B Endosteum

C Nutrient foramina

D Epiphyseal line

E Yellow bone marrow

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Protection

B Body movement

C Mineral storage

D Hormone synthesis

E Hemopoiesis

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Interstitial lamellae

B Canaliculi

C Concentric lamellae

D Perforating canals

E Circumferential lamellae

Question #25

Flat bones

A include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

B have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

C are, by definition, not at all curved.

D protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

E have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

B glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

C steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

D phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

E calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It is located deep to compact bone.

B It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

C Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

D It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

E It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A red marrow to yellow marrow.

B bone marrow to spongy bone.

C yellow marrow to red marrow.

D spongy bone to compact bone.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

B It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

C It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

D It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

E It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A kidney.

B skin.

C bone.

D liver.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

C contains no osteocytes.

D forms diploe in the cranial bones.

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

B osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

C osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

D chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A brain to produce serotonin.

B thyroid to produce calcitriol.

C liver to produce calcitonin.

D liver to produce somatomedin.

E parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Trabeculae

B Yellow bone marrow

C Elastic fibers

D Collagen fibers

E Inorganic salts

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Gel-like ground substance

B Matrix of protein fibers

C Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

D Avascular

E Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Parathyroid hormone

B Thyroid hormone

C Calcitonin

D Growth hormone

E Estrogen and testosterone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteocytes

B osteoclasts

C osteoprogenitor cells

D osteoblasts

E osteoid cells

Question #43

Compact bone

A All of the choices are correct.

B is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

D is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

E is avascular.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Bone-lining cells

B Osteocytes

C Osteoclasts

D Osteoblasts

E Osteoprogenitor cells

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A intramembranous ossification.

B orthodontia.

C mesenchymal ossification.

D bone remodeling.

E endochondral ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Fibrocartilage

B Elastic cartilage

C Reticular cartilage

D Hyaline cartilage

E Articular cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A hyaline cartilage

B dense connective tissue

C osteoid

D mesenchyme

E membranous

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Site of bone elongation and growth

B Provides flexibility for bending

C Forms articular surface

D Provides passageway for blood vessels

E Supports soft tissues

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A femur (of thigh).

B calcaneus (heel).

C trapezoid (of wrist).

D radius (of forearm).

E sternum (breast bone).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A high

B low

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