Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A hinge

B saddle

C pivot

D ball and socket

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

B Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

C There are three structural categories of articulations.

D Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

E An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A biaxial

B multiaxial

C uniaxial

D gliding

E ellipsoid

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A eversion

B angular

C rotational

D sliding

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A dislocation.

B hyperextension.

C hyperflexion.

D supination.

E hypertrophy.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A abduction; adduction

B extension; flexion

C extension; hyperextension

D flexion; extension

E adduction; abduction

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A rotation.

B extension.

C abduction.

D adduction.

E flexion.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A plane

B condyle

C hinge

D saddle

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Depression and flexion

B Protraction and rotation

C Supination and extension

D Pronation and adduction

E Eversion and abduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A dense regular connective tissue.

B fibrocartilage.

C areolar connective tissue.

D articular cartilage.

E dense irregular connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Second costochondral joint

B Second sternocostal joint

C First sternocostal joint

D First costochondral joint

E Intervertebral joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Pivot

B Plane

C Saddle

D Ball and socket

E Condylar

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A pronation.

B eversion.

C abduction.

D protraction.

E supination.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A flexing

B circumducting

C hyperextending

D rotating

E elevating

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A slightly mobile.

B freely mobile.

C dislocated.

D immobile.

E fused.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A syndesmosis.

B suture.

C synchondrosis.

D synostosis.

E synarthrosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A articular discs.

B diarthroses.

C menisci.

D fat pads.

E bursae.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

B Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

C Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

D Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

E Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Distal humerus

B Phalanges

C Os coxa

D Distal head of femur

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Nutrient foramina

B Red bone marrow

C Yellow bone marrow

D Epiphyseal line

E Endosteum

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Body movement

B Hormone synthesis

C Mineral storage

D Hemopoiesis

E Protection

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Perforating canals

B Canaliculi

C Circumferential lamellae

D Interstitial lamellae

E Concentric lamellae

Question #25

Flat bones

A have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

B are, by definition, not at all curved.

C have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

D protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

E include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

B phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

C calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

D glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

E steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It is located deep to compact bone.

B It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

D It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

E It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A bone marrow to spongy bone.

B yellow marrow to red marrow.

C red marrow to yellow marrow.

D spongy bone to compact bone.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

B It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

C It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

D It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

E It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A liver.

B kidney.

C skin.

D bone.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B contains no osteocytes.

C All of the choices are correct.

D has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

E forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

B osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

C osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

D chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A decrease.

B increase.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A brain to produce serotonin.

B liver to produce somatomedin.

C thyroid to produce calcitriol.

D liver to produce calcitonin.

E parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Collagen fibers

B Inorganic salts

C Elastic fibers

D Yellow bone marrow

E Trabeculae

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Gel-like ground substance

B Avascular

C Matrix of protein fibers

D Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

E Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Thyroid hormone

B Growth hormone

C Estrogen and testosterone

D Calcitonin

E Parathyroid hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoblasts

B osteocytes

C osteoclasts

D osteoprogenitor cells

E osteoid cells

Question #43

Compact bone

A All of the choices are correct.

B is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

C is composed of tubular units called osteons.

D has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

E is avascular.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteoprogenitor cells

B Bone-lining cells

C Osteoclasts

D Osteoblasts

E Osteocytes

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A mesenchymal ossification.

B intramembranous ossification.

C orthodontia.

D endochondral ossification.

E bone remodeling.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Articular cartilage

B Reticular cartilage

C Hyaline cartilage

D Elastic cartilage

E Fibrocartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A hyaline cartilage

B dense connective tissue

C membranous

D osteoid

E mesenchyme

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Provides flexibility for bending

B Supports soft tissues

C Forms articular surface

D Provides passageway for blood vessels

E Site of bone elongation and growth

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A radius (of forearm).

B trapezoid (of wrist).

C sternum (breast bone).

D calcaneus (heel).

E femur (of thigh).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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