Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A saddle

B hinge

C ball and socket

D pivot

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A There are three structural categories of articulations.

B An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

C Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

D Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

E All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A uniaxial

B ellipsoid

C multiaxial

D gliding

E biaxial

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A sliding

B eversion

C angular

D rotational

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A supination.

B hyperflexion.

C hyperextension.

D dislocation.

E hypertrophy.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A adduction; abduction

B flexion; extension

C extension; hyperextension

D extension; flexion

E abduction; adduction

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A adduction.

B extension.

C abduction.

D rotation.

E flexion.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A saddle

B plane

C hinge

D condyle

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Protraction and rotation

B Supination and extension

C Eversion and abduction

D Depression and flexion

E Pronation and adduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A dense regular connective tissue.

B fibrocartilage.

C dense irregular connective tissue.

D areolar connective tissue.

E articular cartilage.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Second sternocostal joint

B First sternocostal joint

C Second costochondral joint

D First costochondral joint

E Intervertebral joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Condylar

B Ball and socket

C Plane

D Pivot

E Saddle

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A protraction.

B supination.

C abduction.

D eversion.

E pronation.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A elevating

B rotating

C circumducting

D hyperextending

E flexing

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A fused.

B immobile.

C slightly mobile.

D dislocated.

E freely mobile.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synarthrosis.

B syndesmosis.

C synchondrosis.

D suture.

E synostosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A bursae.

B menisci.

C fat pads.

D diarthroses.

E articular discs.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

B Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

C Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

D Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

E Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Distal head of femur

B Phalanges

C Os coxa

D Distal humerus

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Nutrient foramina

B Epiphyseal line

C Red bone marrow

D Yellow bone marrow

E Endosteum

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Hemopoiesis

B Protection

C Body movement

D Mineral storage

E Hormone synthesis

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Canaliculi

B Perforating canals

C Concentric lamellae

D Interstitial lamellae

E Circumferential lamellae

Question #25

Flat bones

A have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

B protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

C have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

D include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

E are, by definition, not at all curved.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

B phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

C calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

D glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

E calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

B Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

C It is located deep to compact bone.

D It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

E It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A bone marrow to spongy bone.

B yellow marrow to red marrow.

C red marrow to yellow marrow.

D spongy bone to compact bone.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

B It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

C It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

D It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

E It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A bone.

B kidney.

C skin.

D liver.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A forms diploe in the cranial bones.

B is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C All of the choices are correct.

D contains no osteocytes.

E has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

B chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

C osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

D osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

B brain to produce serotonin.

C thyroid to produce calcitriol.

D liver to produce somatomedin.

E liver to produce calcitonin.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Trabeculae

B Elastic fibers

C Collagen fibers

D Yellow bone marrow

E Inorganic salts

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

B Matrix of protein fibers

C Avascular

D Gel-like ground substance

E Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Growth hormone

B Estrogen and testosterone

C Thyroid hormone

D Parathyroid hormone

E Calcitonin

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoclasts

B osteoid cells

C osteoprogenitor cells

D osteoblasts

E osteocytes

Question #43

Compact bone

A is avascular.

B is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

D has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteocytes

B Osteoprogenitor cells

C Bone-lining cells

D Osteoblasts

E Osteoclasts

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A endochondral ossification.

B bone remodeling.

C orthodontia.

D mesenchymal ossification.

E intramembranous ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Fibrocartilage

B Articular cartilage

C Reticular cartilage

D Elastic cartilage

E Hyaline cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A hyaline cartilage

B dense connective tissue

C membranous

D mesenchyme

E osteoid

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Provides flexibility for bending

B Supports soft tissues

C Forms articular surface

D Site of bone elongation and growth

E Provides passageway for blood vessels

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A sternum (breast bone).

B femur (of thigh).

C calcaneus (heel).

D trapezoid (of wrist).

E radius (of forearm).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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