Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A saddle

B hinge

C ball and socket

D pivot

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

B There are three structural categories of articulations.

C Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

D All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

E An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A uniaxial

B ellipsoid

C multiaxial

D biaxial

E gliding

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A sliding

B rotational

C eversion

D angular

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A hyperflexion.

B hyperextension.

C dislocation.

D hypertrophy.

E supination.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A flexion; extension

B extension; flexion

C extension; hyperextension

D abduction; adduction

E adduction; abduction

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A extension.

B rotation.

C adduction.

D flexion.

E abduction.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A saddle

B hinge

C plane

D condyle

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Protraction and rotation

B Supination and extension

C Depression and flexion

D Eversion and abduction

E Pronation and adduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A areolar connective tissue.

B dense regular connective tissue.

C fibrocartilage.

D articular cartilage.

E dense irregular connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Second sternocostal joint

B First sternocostal joint

C Intervertebral joint

D Second costochondral joint

E First costochondral joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Saddle

B Plane

C Pivot

D Ball and socket

E Condylar

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A abduction.

B supination.

C eversion.

D protraction.

E pronation.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A hyperextending

B flexing

C rotating

D elevating

E circumducting

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A slightly mobile.

B dislocated.

C immobile.

D fused.

E freely mobile.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synostosis.

B suture.

C synchondrosis.

D synarthrosis.

E syndesmosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A diarthroses.

B menisci.

C fat pads.

D articular discs.

E bursae.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

B Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

C Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

D Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

E Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Phalanges

B Distal humerus

C Os coxa

D Distal head of femur

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Epiphyseal line

B Red bone marrow

C Endosteum

D Nutrient foramina

E Yellow bone marrow

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Body movement

B Protection

C Mineral storage

D Hemopoiesis

E Hormone synthesis

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Canaliculi

B Circumferential lamellae

C Perforating canals

D Concentric lamellae

E Interstitial lamellae

Question #25

Flat bones

A have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

B are, by definition, not at all curved.

C protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

D have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

E include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

B calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

C calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

D phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

E glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

B It is located deep to compact bone.

C It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

D It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

E Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A yellow marrow to red marrow.

B spongy bone to compact bone.

C bone marrow to spongy bone.

D red marrow to yellow marrow.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

B It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

C It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

D It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

E It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A skin.

B liver.

C bone.

D kidney.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

C forms diploe in the cranial bones.

D contains no osteocytes.

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

B chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

C osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

D osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A decrease.

B increase.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A brain to produce serotonin.

B liver to produce calcitonin.

C thyroid to produce calcitriol.

D liver to produce somatomedin.

E parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Yellow bone marrow

B Elastic fibers

C Trabeculae

D Collagen fibers

E Inorganic salts

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

B Avascular

C Matrix of protein fibers

D Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

E Gel-like ground substance

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Parathyroid hormone

B Calcitonin

C Estrogen and testosterone

D Growth hormone

E Thyroid hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteocytes

B osteoprogenitor cells

C osteoclasts

D osteoblasts

E osteoid cells

Question #43

Compact bone

A All of the choices are correct.

B has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

C is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

D is avascular.

E is composed of tubular units called osteons.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteoprogenitor cells

B Osteocytes

C Osteoblasts

D Osteoclasts

E Bone-lining cells

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A endochondral ossification.

B bone remodeling.

C orthodontia.

D intramembranous ossification.

E mesenchymal ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Fibrocartilage

B Elastic cartilage

C Hyaline cartilage

D Reticular cartilage

E Articular cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A mesenchyme

B osteoid

C membranous

D hyaline cartilage

E dense connective tissue

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Supports soft tissues

B Forms articular surface

C Site of bone elongation and growth

D Provides passageway for blood vessels

E Provides flexibility for bending

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A sternum (breast bone).

B femur (of thigh).

C radius (of forearm).

D trapezoid (of wrist).

E calcaneus (heel).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A high

B low

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