Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A hinge

B pivot

C ball and socket

D saddle

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A There are three structural categories of articulations.

B All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

C Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

D Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

E An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A multiaxial

B uniaxial

C biaxial

D gliding

E ellipsoid

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A angular

B eversion

C sliding

D rotational

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A hyperextension.

B supination.

C hypertrophy.

D dislocation.

E hyperflexion.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A extension; flexion

B extension; hyperextension

C flexion; extension

D adduction; abduction

E abduction; adduction

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A extension.

B abduction.

C adduction.

D flexion.

E rotation.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A saddle

B condyle

C hinge

D plane

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Supination and extension

B Eversion and abduction

C Depression and flexion

D Pronation and adduction

E Protraction and rotation

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A areolar connective tissue.

B dense regular connective tissue.

C articular cartilage.

D dense irregular connective tissue.

E fibrocartilage.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Second costochondral joint

B First costochondral joint

C Second sternocostal joint

D Intervertebral joint

E First sternocostal joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Condylar

B Pivot

C Saddle

D Plane

E Ball and socket

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A supination.

B pronation.

C abduction.

D eversion.

E protraction.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A flexing

B rotating

C hyperextending

D elevating

E circumducting

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A fused.

B dislocated.

C immobile.

D freely mobile.

E slightly mobile.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synostosis.

B synchondrosis.

C synarthrosis.

D syndesmosis.

E suture.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A fat pads.

B diarthroses.

C menisci.

D articular discs.

E bursae.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

B Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

C Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

D Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

E Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Distal humerus

B Distal head of femur

C Phalanges

D Os coxa

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Endosteum

B Nutrient foramina

C Red bone marrow

D Epiphyseal line

E Yellow bone marrow

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Hormone synthesis

B Protection

C Mineral storage

D Body movement

E Hemopoiesis

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Concentric lamellae

B Interstitial lamellae

C Circumferential lamellae

D Perforating canals

E Canaliculi

Question #25

Flat bones

A have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

B have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

C include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

D protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

E are, by definition, not at all curved.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

B glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

C calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

D phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

E steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

B It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C It is located deep to compact bone.

D It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

E Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A bone marrow to spongy bone.

B spongy bone to compact bone.

C red marrow to yellow marrow.

D yellow marrow to red marrow.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

B It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

C It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

D It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

E It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A skin.

B kidney.

C bone.

D liver.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A contains no osteocytes.

B has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

C All of the choices are correct.

D is composed of tubular units called osteons.

E forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

B osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

C chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

D osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

B liver to produce calcitonin.

C brain to produce serotonin.

D thyroid to produce calcitriol.

E liver to produce somatomedin.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Inorganic salts

B Trabeculae

C Elastic fibers

D Yellow bone marrow

E Collagen fibers

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

B Matrix of protein fibers

C Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

D Avascular

E Gel-like ground substance

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Growth hormone

B Parathyroid hormone

C Calcitonin

D Estrogen and testosterone

E Thyroid hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoprogenitor cells

B osteoid cells

C osteocytes

D osteoblasts

E osteoclasts

Question #43

Compact bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B is avascular.

C is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

D has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteoprogenitor cells

B Osteocytes

C Osteoblasts

D Bone-lining cells

E Osteoclasts

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A orthodontia.

B mesenchymal ossification.

C endochondral ossification.

D bone remodeling.

E intramembranous ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Hyaline cartilage

B Articular cartilage

C Elastic cartilage

D Reticular cartilage

E Fibrocartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A mesenchyme

B dense connective tissue

C membranous

D hyaline cartilage

E osteoid

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Site of bone elongation and growth

B Forms articular surface

C Provides flexibility for bending

D Provides passageway for blood vessels

E Supports soft tissues

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A radius (of forearm).

B femur (of thigh).

C trapezoid (of wrist).

D calcaneus (heel).

E sternum (breast bone).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A high

B low

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