Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A pivot

B saddle

C hinge

D ball and socket

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

B Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

C There are three structural categories of articulations.

D Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

E All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A biaxial

B gliding

C multiaxial

D ellipsoid

E uniaxial

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A sliding

B eversion

C rotational

D angular

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A hypertrophy.

B hyperflexion.

C supination.

D hyperextension.

E dislocation.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A extension; flexion

B adduction; abduction

C extension; hyperextension

D abduction; adduction

E flexion; extension

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A adduction.

B flexion.

C rotation.

D extension.

E abduction.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A condyle

B hinge

C saddle

D plane

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Depression and flexion

B Eversion and abduction

C Supination and extension

D Protraction and rotation

E Pronation and adduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A dense irregular connective tissue.

B areolar connective tissue.

C fibrocartilage.

D dense regular connective tissue.

E articular cartilage.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Second costochondral joint

B Second sternocostal joint

C First costochondral joint

D First sternocostal joint

E Intervertebral joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Condylar

B Pivot

C Saddle

D Plane

E Ball and socket

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A abduction.

B eversion.

C pronation.

D protraction.

E supination.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A circumducting

B flexing

C hyperextending

D rotating

E elevating

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A fused.

B freely mobile.

C immobile.

D dislocated.

E slightly mobile.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synarthrosis.

B synchondrosis.

C suture.

D synostosis.

E syndesmosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A menisci.

B diarthroses.

C articular discs.

D fat pads.

E bursae.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

B Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

C Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

D Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

E Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Phalanges

B Distal head of femur

C Os coxa

D Distal humerus

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Endosteum

B Red bone marrow

C Epiphyseal line

D Yellow bone marrow

E Nutrient foramina

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Hormone synthesis

B Body movement

C Protection

D Mineral storage

E Hemopoiesis

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Perforating canals

B Interstitial lamellae

C Circumferential lamellae

D Concentric lamellae

E Canaliculi

Question #25

Flat bones

A include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

B have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

C are, by definition, not at all curved.

D protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

E have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

B steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

C calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

D calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

E phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It is located deep to compact bone.

B It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

C It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

D Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

E It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A spongy bone to compact bone.

B red marrow to yellow marrow.

C yellow marrow to red marrow.

D bone marrow to spongy bone.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

B It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

C It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

D It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

E It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A skin.

B bone.

C kidney.

D liver.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A All of the choices are correct.

B contains no osteocytes.

C forms diploe in the cranial bones.

D is composed of tubular units called osteons.

E has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

B chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

C osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

D osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A brain to produce serotonin.

B thyroid to produce calcitriol.

C liver to produce calcitonin.

D liver to produce somatomedin.

E parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Elastic fibers

B Collagen fibers

C Inorganic salts

D Yellow bone marrow

E Trabeculae

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Matrix of protein fibers

B Gel-like ground substance

C Avascular

D Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

E Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Growth hormone

B Estrogen and testosterone

C Calcitonin

D Thyroid hormone

E Parathyroid hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoid cells

B osteoprogenitor cells

C osteoblasts

D osteoclasts

E osteocytes

Question #43

Compact bone

A All of the choices are correct.

B is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

C has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

D is composed of tubular units called osteons.

E is avascular.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteoblasts

B Osteocytes

C Bone-lining cells

D Osteoprogenitor cells

E Osteoclasts

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A intramembranous ossification.

B mesenchymal ossification.

C bone remodeling.

D endochondral ossification.

E orthodontia.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Fibrocartilage

B Articular cartilage

C Hyaline cartilage

D Reticular cartilage

E Elastic cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A hyaline cartilage

B membranous

C dense connective tissue

D osteoid

E mesenchyme

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Provides flexibility for bending

B Forms articular surface

C Provides passageway for blood vessels

D Supports soft tissues

E Site of bone elongation and growth

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A trapezoid (of wrist).

B calcaneus (heel).

C sternum (breast bone).

D radius (of forearm).

E femur (of thigh).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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