Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A ball and socket

B pivot

C hinge

D saddle

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

B All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

C Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

D Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

E There are three structural categories of articulations.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A gliding

B ellipsoid

C uniaxial

D multiaxial

E biaxial

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A angular

B sliding

C eversion

D rotational

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A hyperflexion.

B hyperextension.

C supination.

D hypertrophy.

E dislocation.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A abduction; adduction

B extension; hyperextension

C adduction; abduction

D extension; flexion

E flexion; extension

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A adduction.

B abduction.

C flexion.

D extension.

E rotation.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A hinge

B saddle

C plane

D condyle

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Depression and flexion

B Protraction and rotation

C Eversion and abduction

D Supination and extension

E Pronation and adduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A articular cartilage.

B dense regular connective tissue.

C fibrocartilage.

D dense irregular connective tissue.

E areolar connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A First sternocostal joint

B Intervertebral joint

C Second costochondral joint

D First costochondral joint

E Second sternocostal joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Ball and socket

B Pivot

C Plane

D Condylar

E Saddle

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A supination.

B eversion.

C pronation.

D abduction.

E protraction.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A elevating

B rotating

C flexing

D hyperextending

E circumducting

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A immobile.

B freely mobile.

C fused.

D dislocated.

E slightly mobile.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synchondrosis.

B synostosis.

C syndesmosis.

D suture.

E synarthrosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A articular discs.

B fat pads.

C diarthroses.

D menisci.

E bursae.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

B Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

C Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

D Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

E Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Os coxa

B Distal head of femur

C Distal humerus

D Phalanges

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Endosteum

B Yellow bone marrow

C Red bone marrow

D Nutrient foramina

E Epiphyseal line

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Hormone synthesis

B Mineral storage

C Hemopoiesis

D Body movement

E Protection

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Interstitial lamellae

B Concentric lamellae

C Canaliculi

D Perforating canals

E Circumferential lamellae

Question #25

Flat bones

A are, by definition, not at all curved.

B protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

C have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

D have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

E include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

B glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

C steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

D phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

E calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

B It is located deep to compact bone.

C It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

D It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

E It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A bone marrow to spongy bone.

B spongy bone to compact bone.

C red marrow to yellow marrow.

D yellow marrow to red marrow.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

B It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

C It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

D It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

E It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A bone.

B liver.

C skin.

D kidney.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B contains no osteocytes.

C forms diploe in the cranial bones.

D has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

B osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

C osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

D osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A decrease.

B increase.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A liver to produce somatomedin.

B thyroid to produce calcitriol.

C parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

D liver to produce calcitonin.

E brain to produce serotonin.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Elastic fibers

B Trabeculae

C Yellow bone marrow

D Collagen fibers

E Inorganic salts

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Gel-like ground substance

B Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

C Avascular

D Matrix of protein fibers

E Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Growth hormone

B Estrogen and testosterone

C Parathyroid hormone

D Thyroid hormone

E Calcitonin

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoblasts

B osteoid cells

C osteoclasts

D osteoprogenitor cells

E osteocytes

Question #43

Compact bone

A is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

B is avascular.

C is composed of tubular units called osteons.

D has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

E All of the choices are correct.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteocytes

B Osteoprogenitor cells

C Osteoblasts

D Osteoclasts

E Bone-lining cells

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A orthodontia.

B bone remodeling.

C intramembranous ossification.

D mesenchymal ossification.

E endochondral ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Fibrocartilage

B Hyaline cartilage

C Articular cartilage

D Reticular cartilage

E Elastic cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A osteoid

B mesenchyme

C dense connective tissue

D membranous

E hyaline cartilage

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Forms articular surface

B Site of bone elongation and growth

C Supports soft tissues

D Provides flexibility for bending

E Provides passageway for blood vessels

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A sternum (breast bone).

B calcaneus (heel).

C femur (of thigh).

D trapezoid (of wrist).

E radius (of forearm).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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