Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A saddle

B ball and socket

C hinge

D pivot

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

B All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

C Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

D There are three structural categories of articulations.

E Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A multiaxial

B ellipsoid

C uniaxial

D gliding

E biaxial

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A rotational

B angular

C eversion

D sliding

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A hyperflexion.

B dislocation.

C supination.

D hyperextension.

E hypertrophy.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A extension; flexion

B flexion; extension

C extension; hyperextension

D abduction; adduction

E adduction; abduction

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A adduction.

B rotation.

C abduction.

D flexion.

E extension.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A condyle

B plane

C hinge

D saddle

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Eversion and abduction

B Protraction and rotation

C Depression and flexion

D Pronation and adduction

E Supination and extension

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A articular cartilage.

B fibrocartilage.

C areolar connective tissue.

D dense irregular connective tissue.

E dense regular connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Second costochondral joint

B First sternocostal joint

C Intervertebral joint

D First costochondral joint

E Second sternocostal joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Pivot

B Condylar

C Saddle

D Ball and socket

E Plane

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A abduction.

B pronation.

C protraction.

D eversion.

E supination.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A hyperextending

B elevating

C circumducting

D flexing

E rotating

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A immobile.

B fused.

C freely mobile.

D slightly mobile.

E dislocated.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synarthrosis.

B syndesmosis.

C suture.

D synchondrosis.

E synostosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A bursae.

B diarthroses.

C fat pads.

D menisci.

E articular discs.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

B Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

C Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

D Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

E Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Phalanges

B Distal head of femur

C Distal humerus

D Os coxa

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Endosteum

B Red bone marrow

C Nutrient foramina

D Yellow bone marrow

E Epiphyseal line

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Hemopoiesis

B Hormone synthesis

C Protection

D Body movement

E Mineral storage

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Perforating canals

B Interstitial lamellae

C Concentric lamellae

D Circumferential lamellae

E Canaliculi

Question #25

Flat bones

A include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

B have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

C are, by definition, not at all curved.

D have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

E protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

B calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

C glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

D calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

E steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

B Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

C It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

D It is located deep to compact bone.

E It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A bone marrow to spongy bone.

B spongy bone to compact bone.

C yellow marrow to red marrow.

D red marrow to yellow marrow.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

B It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

C It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

D It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

E It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A kidney.

B bone.

C liver.

D skin.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A All of the choices are correct.

B is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C contains no osteocytes.

D has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

E forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

B chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

C osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

D osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

B thyroid to produce calcitriol.

C brain to produce serotonin.

D liver to produce calcitonin.

E liver to produce somatomedin.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Elastic fibers

B Inorganic salts

C Collagen fibers

D Trabeculae

E Yellow bone marrow

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

B Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

C Matrix of protein fibers

D Gel-like ground substance

E Avascular

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Estrogen and testosterone

B Calcitonin

C Growth hormone

D Parathyroid hormone

E Thyroid hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoid cells

B osteocytes

C osteoblasts

D osteoprogenitor cells

E osteoclasts

Question #43

Compact bone

A All of the choices are correct.

B has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

C is composed of tubular units called osteons.

D is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

E is avascular.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Bone-lining cells

B Osteocytes

C Osteoprogenitor cells

D Osteoclasts

E Osteoblasts

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A mesenchymal ossification.

B endochondral ossification.

C orthodontia.

D bone remodeling.

E intramembranous ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Articular cartilage

B Fibrocartilage

C Elastic cartilage

D Reticular cartilage

E Hyaline cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A hyaline cartilage

B mesenchyme

C membranous

D osteoid

E dense connective tissue

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Provides passageway for blood vessels

B Forms articular surface

C Provides flexibility for bending

D Site of bone elongation and growth

E Supports soft tissues

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A trapezoid (of wrist).

B calcaneus (heel).

C sternum (breast bone).

D femur (of thigh).

E radius (of forearm).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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