Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A ball and socket

B pivot

C hinge

D saddle

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

B Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

C There are three structural categories of articulations.

D An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

E Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A ellipsoid

B biaxial

C multiaxial

D gliding

E uniaxial

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A sliding

B eversion

C angular

D rotational

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A supination.

B dislocation.

C hyperflexion.

D hyperextension.

E hypertrophy.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A adduction; abduction

B extension; flexion

C extension; hyperextension

D abduction; adduction

E flexion; extension

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A abduction.

B adduction.

C rotation.

D extension.

E flexion.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A saddle

B plane

C hinge

D condyle

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Depression and flexion

B Protraction and rotation

C Supination and extension

D Eversion and abduction

E Pronation and adduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A areolar connective tissue.

B dense irregular connective tissue.

C dense regular connective tissue.

D articular cartilage.

E fibrocartilage.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A First sternocostal joint

B First costochondral joint

C Second sternocostal joint

D Intervertebral joint

E Second costochondral joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Plane

B Pivot

C Condylar

D Ball and socket

E Saddle

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A supination.

B protraction.

C eversion.

D pronation.

E abduction.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A hyperextending

B elevating

C rotating

D flexing

E circumducting

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A dislocated.

B freely mobile.

C immobile.

D slightly mobile.

E fused.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synarthrosis.

B syndesmosis.

C synchondrosis.

D suture.

E synostosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A bursae.

B articular discs.

C fat pads.

D diarthroses.

E menisci.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

B Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

C Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

D Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

E Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Os coxa

B Phalanges

C Distal head of femur

D Distal humerus

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Epiphyseal line

B Endosteum

C Nutrient foramina

D Yellow bone marrow

E Red bone marrow

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Body movement

B Mineral storage

C Hormone synthesis

D Protection

E Hemopoiesis

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Concentric lamellae

B Canaliculi

C Circumferential lamellae

D Interstitial lamellae

E Perforating canals

Question #25

Flat bones

A have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

B include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

C have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

D are, by definition, not at all curved.

E protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

B glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

C calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

D calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

E phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

B It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

C It is located deep to compact bone.

D It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

E It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A spongy bone to compact bone.

B red marrow to yellow marrow.

C yellow marrow to red marrow.

D bone marrow to spongy bone.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

B It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

C It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

D It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

E It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A kidney.

B bone.

C skin.

D liver.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

C All of the choices are correct.

D contains no osteocytes.

E forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

B osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

C osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

D chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A brain to produce serotonin.

B liver to produce calcitonin.

C thyroid to produce calcitriol.

D parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

E liver to produce somatomedin.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Yellow bone marrow

B Trabeculae

C Elastic fibers

D Inorganic salts

E Collagen fibers

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Matrix of protein fibers

B Avascular

C Gel-like ground substance

D Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

E Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Growth hormone

B Estrogen and testosterone

C Parathyroid hormone

D Calcitonin

E Thyroid hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteocytes

B osteoprogenitor cells

C osteoid cells

D osteoblasts

E osteoclasts

Question #43

Compact bone

A has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

B is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

C All of the choices are correct.

D is composed of tubular units called osteons.

E is avascular.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteocytes

B Osteoclasts

C Bone-lining cells

D Osteoprogenitor cells

E Osteoblasts

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A mesenchymal ossification.

B intramembranous ossification.

C orthodontia.

D endochondral ossification.

E bone remodeling.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Articular cartilage

B Fibrocartilage

C Elastic cartilage

D Reticular cartilage

E Hyaline cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A dense connective tissue

B osteoid

C membranous

D mesenchyme

E hyaline cartilage

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Site of bone elongation and growth

B Forms articular surface

C Provides passageway for blood vessels

D Provides flexibility for bending

E Supports soft tissues

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A femur (of thigh).

B sternum (breast bone).

C radius (of forearm).

D calcaneus (heel).

E trapezoid (of wrist).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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