Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A ball and socket

B pivot

C hinge

D saddle

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

B All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

C There are three structural categories of articulations.

D An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

E Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A uniaxial

B gliding

C biaxial

D multiaxial

E ellipsoid

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A sliding

B angular

C eversion

D rotational

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A hypertrophy.

B hyperflexion.

C dislocation.

D supination.

E hyperextension.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A extension; flexion

B extension; hyperextension

C abduction; adduction

D adduction; abduction

E flexion; extension

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A adduction.

B flexion.

C rotation.

D extension.

E abduction.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A plane

B condyle

C hinge

D saddle

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Protraction and rotation

B Pronation and adduction

C Supination and extension

D Depression and flexion

E Eversion and abduction

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A fibrocartilage.

B dense regular connective tissue.

C areolar connective tissue.

D articular cartilage.

E dense irregular connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A First costochondral joint

B Second costochondral joint

C Intervertebral joint

D Second sternocostal joint

E First sternocostal joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Plane

B Condylar

C Pivot

D Saddle

E Ball and socket

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A eversion.

B supination.

C protraction.

D pronation.

E abduction.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A rotating

B hyperextending

C flexing

D circumducting

E elevating

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A dislocated.

B immobile.

C freely mobile.

D slightly mobile.

E fused.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A synarthrosis.

B syndesmosis.

C synchondrosis.

D suture.

E synostosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A articular discs.

B fat pads.

C diarthroses.

D menisci.

E bursae.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

B Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

C Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

D Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

E Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Distal head of femur

B Phalanges

C Distal humerus

D Os coxa

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Red bone marrow

B Yellow bone marrow

C Epiphyseal line

D Nutrient foramina

E Endosteum

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Hormone synthesis

B Hemopoiesis

C Mineral storage

D Protection

E Body movement

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Interstitial lamellae

B Circumferential lamellae

C Perforating canals

D Canaliculi

E Concentric lamellae

Question #25

Flat bones

A protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

B include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

C have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

D have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

E are, by definition, not at all curved.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

B calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

C glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

D steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

E calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

B Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

C It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

D It is located deep to compact bone.

E It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A bone marrow to spongy bone.

B red marrow to yellow marrow.

C yellow marrow to red marrow.

D spongy bone to compact bone.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

B It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

C It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

D It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

E It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A bone.

B liver.

C kidney.

D skin.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A contains no osteocytes.

B is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

D All of the choices are correct.

E forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

B chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

C osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

D osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

B brain to produce serotonin.

C thyroid to produce calcitriol.

D liver to produce calcitonin.

E liver to produce somatomedin.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Inorganic salts

B Yellow bone marrow

C Trabeculae

D Elastic fibers

E Collagen fibers

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

B Gel-like ground substance

C Avascular

D Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

E Matrix of protein fibers

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Parathyroid hormone

B Growth hormone

C Calcitonin

D Estrogen and testosterone

E Thyroid hormone

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoprogenitor cells

B osteocytes

C osteoblasts

D osteoid cells

E osteoclasts

Question #43

Compact bone

A is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

B has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

C is avascular.

D All of the choices are correct.

E is composed of tubular units called osteons.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteoblasts

B Osteocytes

C Osteoprogenitor cells

D Osteoclasts

E Bone-lining cells

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A bone remodeling.

B endochondral ossification.

C orthodontia.

D intramembranous ossification.

E mesenchymal ossification.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Reticular cartilage

B Elastic cartilage

C Hyaline cartilage

D Fibrocartilage

E Articular cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A mesenchyme

B osteoid

C membranous

D dense connective tissue

E hyaline cartilage

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Supports soft tissues

B Site of bone elongation and growth

C Forms articular surface

D Provides passageway for blood vessels

E Provides flexibility for bending

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A sternum (breast bone).

B femur (of thigh).

C calcaneus (heel).

D trapezoid (of wrist).

E radius (of forearm).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A low

B high

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