Lecture Exam 2

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Question #1

When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.

A saddle

B ball and socket

C hinge

D pivot

Question #2

Which is not correct regarding articulations?

A There are three structural categories of articulations.

B An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.

C Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.

D All articulations contain some type of cartilage.

E Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.

Question #3

Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.

A biaxial

B ellipsoid

C uniaxial

D multiaxial

E gliding

Question #4

A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.

A rotational

B eversion

C sliding

D angular

Question #5

When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as

A supination.

B hyperextension.

C dislocation.

D hypertrophy.

E hyperflexion.

Question #6

Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.

A extension; flexion

B adduction; abduction

C flexion; extension

D extension; hyperextension

E abduction; adduction

Question #7

When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is

A flexion.

B extension.

C adduction.

D rotation.

E abduction.

Question #8

Gliding is an example of an angular motion.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #9

The elbow is a ________ joint.

A hinge

B condyle

C saddle

D plane

Question #10

The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #11

If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?

A Pronation and adduction

B Protraction and rotation

C Eversion and abduction

D Depression and flexion

E Supination and extension

Question #12

In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by

A dense irregular connective tissue.

B dense regular connective tissue.

C fibrocartilage.

D articular cartilage.

E areolar connective tissue.

Question #13

Which is not a cartilaginous joint?

A Second costochondral joint

B Intervertebral joint

C Second sternocostal joint

D First costochondral joint

E First sternocostal joint

Question #14

Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?

A Pivot

B Condylar

C Ball and socket

D Saddle

E Plane

Question #15

Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called

A abduction.

B supination.

C pronation.

D protraction.

E eversion.

Question #16

If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.

A elevating

B circumducting

C flexing

D hyperextending

E rotating

Question #17

The term “diarthrosis” refers to a joint that is

A dislocated.

B freely mobile.

C immobile.

D fused.

E slightly mobile.

Question #18

The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a

A syndesmosis.

B synostosis.

C synarthrosis.

D suture.

E synchondrosis.

Question #19

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

A bursae.

B fat pads.

C diarthroses.

D menisci.

E articular discs.

Question #20

Which is false regarding ligaments?

A Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.

B Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.

C Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

D Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.

E Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.

Question #21

If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?

A Phalanges

B Distal head of femur

C Distal humerus

D Os coxa

Question #22

Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A Epiphyseal line

B Yellow bone marrow

C Red bone marrow

D Nutrient foramina

E Endosteum

Question #23

Which is not a function of bone?

A Protection

B Mineral storage

C Hormone synthesis

D Body movement

E Hemopoiesis

Question #24

What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?

A Interstitial lamellae

B Canaliculi

C Concentric lamellae

D Circumferential lamellae

E Perforating canals

Question #25

Flat bones

A are, by definition, not at all curved.

B protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.

C have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.

D include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.

E have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.

Question #26

Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for

A calcium, phosphate, and lipids.

B calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

C steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.

D phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.

E glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.

Question #27

Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #28

Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A It forms diploe in the cranial bones.

B It is composed of tubular units called osteons.

C It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

D Its spaces hold red bone marrow.

E It is located deep to compact bone.

Question #29

Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #30

Mature cartilage is avascular.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #31

Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of

A red marrow to yellow marrow.

B bone marrow to spongy bone.

C yellow marrow to red marrow.

D spongy bone to compact bone.

Question #32

Which is false regarding the periosteum?

A It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.

B It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

C It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

D It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.

E It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.

Question #33

In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #34

Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the

A liver.

B skin.

C kidney.

D bone.

Question #35

Spongy bone

A contains no osteocytes.

B All of the choices are correct.

C has spaces filled with yellow marrow.

D is composed of tubular units called osteons.

E forms diploe in the cranial bones.

Question #36

Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by

A chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.

B osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.

C osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.

D osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.

Question #37

High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to

A increase.

B decrease.

Question #38

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

B liver to produce calcitonin.

C liver to produce somatomedin.

D brain to produce serotonin.

E thyroid to produce calcitriol.

Question #39

What gives bone its flexibility?

A Collagen fibers

B Elastic fibers

C Inorganic salts

D Trabeculae

E Yellow bone marrow

Question #40

Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A Avascular

B Gel-like ground substance

C Matrix of protein fibers

D Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance

E Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular

Question #41

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A Growth hormone

B Estrogen and testosterone

C Parathyroid hormone

D Thyroid hormone

E Calcitonin

Question #42

Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.

A osteoid cells

B osteoclasts

C osteoblasts

D osteoprogenitor cells

E osteocytes

Question #43

Compact bone

A is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.

B is avascular.

C has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.

D All of the choices are correct.

E is composed of tubular units called osteons.

Question #44

Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?

A Osteocytes

B Osteoprogenitor cells

C Bone-lining cells

D Osteoclasts

E Osteoblasts

Question #45

The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed

A mesenchymal ossification.

B orthodontia.

C intramembranous ossification.

D endochondral ossification.

E bone remodeling.

Question #46

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A Articular cartilage

B Fibrocartilage

C Reticular cartilage

D Elastic cartilage

E Hyaline cartilage

Question #47

Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.

A hyaline cartilage

B mesenchyme

C dense connective tissue

D osteoid

E membranous

Question #48

What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A Forms articular surface

B Provides passageway for blood vessels

C Site of bone elongation and growth

D Supports soft tissues

E Provides flexibility for bending

Question #49

An example of a flat bone would be the

A femur (of thigh).

B calcaneus (heel).

C trapezoid (of wrist).

D radius (of forearm).

E sternum (breast bone).

Question #50

Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.

A high

B low

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