Unit 2 Exam

A  males and females don’t like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.

B  because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.

C  when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.

D  when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

A  one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

B  one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

C  is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

D  is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

A  gradualism.

B  parallel evolution.

C  microevolution.

D  punctuated equilibrium.

A  natural selection is a powerful process.

B  new mutations are usually maladaptive.

C  environments change slowly.

D  gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

A  they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

B  gene flow among members of the same species.

C  sexual selection between two different species

D  genetic drift within populations.

A  parallel evolution.

B  generalization.

C  homology.

D  adaptive radiation.

A  allopatric speciation.

B  migration

C  extinction

D  sympatric speciation.

A  large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

B  the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

C  how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

D  small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

A  the extinction of a species.

B  the formation of new species.

C  evolutionary change within a species.

D  the death of individuals in a group.

A  the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

B  the appearance of new species

C  the change from one species to another in one generation

D  any type of genetic mutation

A  genetic drift

B  All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

C  gene flow

D  mutation

A  the differential reproductive success of individuals

B  the chance loss of alleles in a population

C  the exchange of genes between populations

D  the production of new genetic material

A  adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

B  equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

C  changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

D  maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

A  medium-sized populations.

B  small populations.

C  populations out of equilibrium.

D  large populations.

A  genetic drift

B  recombination

C  mutation

D  migration

A  all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

B  can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual’s growth and development.

C  are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

D  are affected by genes at many loci.

A  natural selection

B  migration

C  mutation

D  genetic drift

A  There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

B  Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

C  All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

D  New variation is slowly added by mutation.

A  the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

B  were discovered by Darwin.

C  the somatic cells of the body.

D  do not differ between male and female animals.

A  allele

B  gene

C  mutation

D  genetic drift

A  Chromosomes come in pairs.

B  One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

C  Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

D  These are all true about choromsomes

A  polygenic trait

B  non-genetic trait

C  dominant trait

D  mendelian trait

A  The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

B  the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

C  beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

D  a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

A  never changed because of stasis

B  never changed because of high juvenile mortality

C  changed over time because of environmental change

D  changed because equilibrium existed in the population

A  disruptive selection

B  averaging selection

C  directional selection

D  stabilizing selection

A  cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

B  allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

C  almost always occur by chance alone.

D  are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

A  evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

B  there is no competition.

C  there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

D  traits are not inherited by offspring.

A  the inheritance of variation.

B  variation in fitness.

C  Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

D  the struggle for existance.

A  while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.

B  all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

C  individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

D  individuals within a population vary.