Unit 2 Exam

A  when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.

B  males and females don’t like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.

C  when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

D  because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.

A  is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

B  is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

C  one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

D  one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

A  parallel evolution.

B  punctuated equilibrium.

C  gradualism.

D  microevolution.

A  new mutations are usually maladaptive.

B  environments change slowly.

C  gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

D  natural selection is a powerful process.

A  they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

B  genetic drift within populations.

C  sexual selection between two different species

D  gene flow among members of the same species.

A  homology.

B  adaptive radiation.

C  generalization.

D  parallel evolution.

A  allopatric speciation.

B  migration

C  extinction

D  sympatric speciation.

A  large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

B  small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

C  the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

D  how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

A  the formation of new species.

B  the extinction of a species.

C  the death of individuals in a group.

D  evolutionary change within a species.

A  the appearance of new species

B  any type of genetic mutation

C  the change from one species to another in one generation

D  the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

A  genetic drift

B  All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

C  gene flow

D  mutation

A  the production of new genetic material

B  the differential reproductive success of individuals

C  the exchange of genes between populations

D  the chance loss of alleles in a population

A  adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

B  equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

C  maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

D  changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

A  medium-sized populations.

B  large populations.

C  populations out of equilibrium.

D  small populations.

A  migration

B  genetic drift

C  recombination

D  mutation

A  are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

B  are affected by genes at many loci.

C  all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

D  can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual’s growth and development.

A  migration

B  natural selection

C  genetic drift

D  mutation

A  All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

B  Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

C  There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

D  New variation is slowly added by mutation.

A  were discovered by Darwin.

B  the somatic cells of the body.

C  the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

D  do not differ between male and female animals.

A  allele

B  mutation

C  genetic drift

D  gene

A  These are all true about choromsomes

B  Chromosomes come in pairs.

C  One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

D  Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

A  mendelian trait

B  polygenic trait

C  dominant trait

D  non-genetic trait

A  beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

B  the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

C  The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

D  a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

A  never changed because of high juvenile mortality

B  changed because equilibrium existed in the population

C  never changed because of stasis

D  changed over time because of environmental change

A  directional selection

B  stabilizing selection

C  disruptive selection

D  averaging selection

A  are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

B  allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

C  cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

D  almost always occur by chance alone.

A  traits are not inherited by offspring.

B  evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

C  there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

D  there is no competition.

A  the inheritance of variation.

B  variation in fitness.

C  the struggle for existance.

D  Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

A  individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

B  while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.

C  all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

D  individuals within a population vary.