Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

C  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

D  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

E  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

F  none of the above is correct

A  air

B  sunlight

C  carbon dioxide

D  oxygen

E  dust

A  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

B  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

C  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

D  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

A  commensalism

B  mutualism

C  pathogenicity

D  parasitism

A  a different disease of the same severity will result.

B  a more severe disease will result.

C  a milder disease will result.

D  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

A  endemic

B  epidemic

C  sporadic

D  pandemic

A  endemic.

B  sporadic.

C  pandemic.

D  epidemic.

A  their outer shell is full of atoms

B  their outer shell is full of protons

C  their outer shell is full of electrons

D  their outer shell is full of neutrons

A  social infections

B  nosocomial infections

C  vector-borne infections

D  community infections

A  penetration point

B  infectious point

C  lethal point

D  portal of entry

A  inert electrons

B  valence electrons

C  reactive electrons

D  octet electrons

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

C  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

B  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

C  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

D  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

A  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

B  an infected host organism

C  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

D  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

A  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

B  ignorance almost always makes them worse

C  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

D  social isolation never makes them go away

A  convalescence

B  decline

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  prodromal

E  illness

F  incubation

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

C  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

D  they always are transmitted from the same vector

A  vector

B  reservoir

C  source

D  hot zone

A  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

C  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

D  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

E  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  prevalence

B  morbidity

C  mortality

D  incidence

A  vicarious immunity

B  threshold immunity

C  resistance effect

D  herd immunity

A  animals.

B  insects.

C  continents.

D  states.

E  individuals

A  ionic bond.

B  hydrogen bond.

C  polar-covalent bond.

D  non-polar covalent bond

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

F  none of the above is correct

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

C  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

D  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

A  an infection that spreads between two humans

B  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

C  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

D  an infection the spreads in a hospital

A  nosocomial route

B  prodromal route

C  parenteral route.

D  respiratory membrane

E  none of the above

A  all microorganisms of the same species

B  all microorganisms the human body

C  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

D  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

A  the virulence of the organism

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

E  none of the above are correct

A  number of prevalence

B  death rate

C  infection rate

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  number of incidences

F  none of the above is correct

A  opportunistic

B  partial

C  common source

D  nosocomial

A  a parasite that infects dogs

B  a virus that does nothing to humans

C  a parasite that kills its host

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

B  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the respiratory tract

B  the digestive tract

C  the eyes and skin

D  the urinary tract

E  the placenta

A  time

B  temperature

C  location

D  size

A  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  the time of infection and death

B  time of infection and recovery

C  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

D  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

A  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

B  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

C  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

D  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

A  environmental conditions

B  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

C  human behavior and genetic profile

D  genetic profile

A  it is not human pathogen

B  its virulence is low

C  it is a sporadic infection

D  it is highly virulent

E  none of the above are correct

A  cells

B  bacteria

C  disease

D  air

A  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

B  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

C  pH has no effect on virulence.

D  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

A  mitochondrial

B  Gram stains

C  fats

D  appearance

E  DNA

A  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

B  a flask with a gauze covering

C  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

D  a Swan necked flask

A  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

B  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

C  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

D  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18

A  100 times more acidic

B  10 times more acidic

C  3 times more acidic

D  1000 times more acidic

E  30 times more acidic

A  door handles

B  towels

C  needles

D  human hands

E  more than one of the above is correct

A  14

B  7.5

C  7

D  8

E  1.5

A  mutualistic.

B  pathogens.

C  commensals.

D  parasites.