Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

B  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

E  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

F  none of the above is correct

A  air

B  carbon dioxide

C  sunlight

D  oxygen

E  dust

A  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

B  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

C  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

D  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

A  pathogenicity

B  commensalism

C  mutualism

D  parasitism

A  a milder disease will result.

B  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

C  a more severe disease will result.

D  a different disease of the same severity will result.

A  pandemic

B  sporadic

C  endemic

D  epidemic

A  pandemic.

B  epidemic.

C  sporadic.

D  endemic.

A  their outer shell is full of atoms

B  their outer shell is full of neutrons

C  their outer shell is full of protons

D  their outer shell is full of electrons

A  community infections

B  social infections

C  nosocomial infections

D  vector-borne infections

A  lethal point

B  portal of entry

C  penetration point

D  infectious point

A  inert electrons

B  reactive electrons

C  valence electrons

D  octet electrons

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

C  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

B  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

C  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

D  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

A  an infected host organism

B  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

C  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

D  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

A  social isolation never makes them go away

B  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

C  ignorance almost always makes them worse

D  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

A  prodromal

B  convalescence

C  illness

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  decline

F  incubation

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

C  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

D  they always are transmitted from the same vector

A  hot zone

B  source

C  reservoir

D  vector

A  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

C  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

D  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

E  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

A  mortality

B  incidence

C  prevalence

D  morbidity

A  herd immunity

B  threshold immunity

C  resistance effect

D  vicarious immunity

A  states.

B  individuals

C  insects.

D  animals.

E  continents.

A  ionic bond.

B  hydrogen bond.

C  non-polar covalent bond

D  polar-covalent bond.

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

F  none of the above is correct

A  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

C  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

D  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

A  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

B  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

C  an infection that spreads between two humans

D  an infection the spreads in a hospital

A  parenteral route.

B  respiratory membrane

C  nosocomial route

D  prodromal route

E  none of the above

A  all microorganisms the human body

B  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

C  all microorganisms of the same species

D  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

B  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the virulence of the organism

E  none of the above are correct

A  death rate

B  number of incidences

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  number of prevalence

E  infection rate

F  none of the above is correct

A  common source

B  opportunistic

C  nosocomial

D  partial

A  a parasite that infects dogs

B  a virus that does nothing to humans

C  a parasite that kills its host

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

B  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

D  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the digestive tract

B  the urinary tract

C  the eyes and skin

D  the respiratory tract

E  the placenta

A  location

B  temperature

C  time

D  size

A  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

B  the time of infection and death

C  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

D  time of infection and recovery

A  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

B  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

C  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

D  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

A  genetic profile

B  human behavior and genetic profile

C  environmental conditions

D  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

A  it is not human pathogen

B  it is highly virulent

C  its virulence is low

D  it is a sporadic infection

E  none of the above are correct

A  air

B  cells

C  bacteria

D  disease

A  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

B  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

C  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

D  pH has no effect on virulence.

A  appearance

B  fats

C  DNA

D  Gram stains

E  mitochondrial

A  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

B  a flask with a gauze covering

C  a Swan necked flask

D  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

A  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

B  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

C  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

D  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

A  2, 8, 18

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

C  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

D  2, 8, 18, 2

A  1000 times more acidic

B  100 times more acidic

C  30 times more acidic

D  3 times more acidic

E  10 times more acidic

A  needles

B  door handles

C  towels

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  human hands

A  1.5

B  7

C  14

D  7.5

E  8

A  commensals.

B  mutualistic.

C  parasites.

D  pathogens.