Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

B  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

E  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

F  none of the above is correct

A  sunlight

B  dust

C  air

D  carbon dioxide

E  oxygen

A  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

B  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

C  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

D  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

A  commensalism

B  pathogenicity

C  mutualism

D  parasitism

A  a milder disease will result.

B  a more severe disease will result.

C  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

D  a different disease of the same severity will result.

A  pandemic

B  epidemic

C  sporadic

D  endemic

A  endemic.

B  sporadic.

C  pandemic.

D  epidemic.

A  their outer shell is full of protons

B  their outer shell is full of electrons

C  their outer shell is full of neutrons

D  their outer shell is full of atoms

A  community infections

B  social infections

C  vector-borne infections

D  nosocomial infections

A  infectious point

B  lethal point

C  portal of entry

D  penetration point

A  valence electrons

B  octet electrons

C  reactive electrons

D  inert electrons

A  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

C  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

D  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

B  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

C  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

D  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

A  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

B  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

C  an infected host organism

D  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

A  ignorance almost always makes them worse

B  social isolation never makes them go away

C  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

D  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  incubation

C  prodromal

D  decline

E  illness

F  convalescence

A  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

B  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

C  they always are transmitted from the same vector

D  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

A  source

B  vector

C  reservoir

D  hot zone

A  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

C  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

D  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

E  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

A  morbidity

B  mortality

C  incidence

D  prevalence

A  herd immunity

B  threshold immunity

C  vicarious immunity

D  resistance effect

A  individuals

B  insects.

C  animals.

D  states.

E  continents.

A  polar-covalent bond.

B  hydrogen bond.

C  non-polar covalent bond

D  ionic bond.

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

F  none of the above is correct

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

C  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

D  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

A  an infection the spreads in a hospital

B  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

C  an infection that spreads between two humans

D  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

A  parenteral route.

B  prodromal route

C  respiratory membrane

D  nosocomial route

E  none of the above

A  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

B  all microorganisms the human body

C  all microorganisms of the same species

D  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

A  the virulence of the organism

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  death rate

B  number of incidences

C  number of prevalence

D  infection rate

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  common source

B  opportunistic

C  partial

D  nosocomial

A  a virus that does nothing to humans

B  a microbe that causes disease in humans

C  a parasite that kills its host

D  a parasite that infects dogs

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

A  the eyes and skin

B  the respiratory tract

C  the urinary tract

D  the digestive tract

E  the placenta

A  time

B  temperature

C  location

D  size

A  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  time of infection and recovery

B  the time of infection and death

C  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

D  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

A  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

B  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

C  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

D  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

A  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

B  environmental conditions

C  genetic profile

D  human behavior and genetic profile

A  it is a sporadic infection

B  its virulence is low

C  it is highly virulent

D  it is not human pathogen

E  none of the above are correct

A  disease

B  air

C  cells

D  bacteria

A  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

B  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

C  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

D  pH has no effect on virulence.

A  Gram stains

B  appearance

C  mitochondrial

D  DNA

E  fats

A  a Swan necked flask

B  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

C  a flask with a gauze covering

D  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

A  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

B  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

C  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

D  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18

A  100 times more acidic

B  3 times more acidic

C  30 times more acidic

D  1000 times more acidic

E  10 times more acidic

A  human hands

B  needles

C  towels

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  door handles

A  14

B  1.5

C  7.5

D  7

E  8

A  parasites.

B  commensals.

C  mutualistic.

D  pathogens.