Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

D  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

E  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

F  none of the above is correct

A  carbon dioxide

B  sunlight

C  oxygen

D  dust

E  air

A  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

B  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

C  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

D  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

A  pathogenicity

B  parasitism

C  commensalism

D  mutualism

A  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

B  a milder disease will result.

C  a more severe disease will result.

D  a different disease of the same severity will result.

A  endemic

B  epidemic

C  sporadic

D  pandemic

A  pandemic.

B  endemic.

C  epidemic.

D  sporadic.

A  their outer shell is full of electrons

B  their outer shell is full of atoms

C  their outer shell is full of protons

D  their outer shell is full of neutrons

A  vector-borne infections

B  nosocomial infections

C  community infections

D  social infections

A  penetration point

B  portal of entry

C  infectious point

D  lethal point

A  octet electrons

B  inert electrons

C  reactive electrons

D  valence electrons

A  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

C  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

E  none of the above

A  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

B  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

C  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

D  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

A  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

B  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

C  an infected host organism

D  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

A  social isolation never makes them go away

B  ignorance almost always makes them worse

C  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

D  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

A  prodromal

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  illness

D  decline

E  convalescence

F  incubation

A  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

B  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

C  they always are transmitted from the same vector

D  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

A  source

B  vector

C  reservoir

D  hot zone

A  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

B  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

C  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

D  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

E  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  morbidity

B  incidence

C  mortality

D  prevalence

A  vicarious immunity

B  resistance effect

C  herd immunity

D  threshold immunity

A  individuals

B  states.

C  continents.

D  insects.

E  animals.

A  non-polar covalent bond

B  polar-covalent bond.

C  ionic bond.

D  hydrogen bond.

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

F  none of the above is correct

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

C  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

D  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

A  an infection that spreads between two humans

B  an infection the spreads in a hospital

C  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

D  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

A  parenteral route.

B  nosocomial route

C  prodromal route

D  respiratory membrane

E  none of the above

A  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

B  all microorganisms the human body

C  all microorganisms of the same species

D  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

A  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

C  the virulence of the organism

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  infection rate

B  death rate

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  number of prevalence

E  number of incidences

F  none of the above is correct

A  common source

B  nosocomial

C  opportunistic

D  partial

A  a virus that does nothing to humans

B  a parasite that kills its host

C  a parasite that infects dogs

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

D  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the urinary tract

B  the digestive tract

C  the placenta

D  the respiratory tract

E  the eyes and skin

A  time

B  location

C  temperature

D  size

A  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  the time of infection and death

B  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

C  time of infection and recovery

D  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

A  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

B  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

C  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

D  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

A  human behavior and genetic profile

B  environmental conditions

C  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

D  genetic profile

A  it is not human pathogen

B  it is highly virulent

C  it is a sporadic infection

D  its virulence is low

E  none of the above are correct

A  air

B  cells

C  bacteria

D  disease

A  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

B  pH has no effect on virulence.

C  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

D  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

A  appearance

B  mitochondrial

C  fats

D  Gram stains

E  DNA

A  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

B  a Swan necked flask

C  a flask with a gauze covering

D  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

A  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

B  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

C  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

D  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

C  2, 8, 18

D  2, 8, 18, 2

A  100 times more acidic

B  1000 times more acidic

C  30 times more acidic

D  3 times more acidic

E  10 times more acidic

A  door handles

B  towels

C  human hands

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  needles

A  14

B  7

C  7.5

D  8

E  1.5

A  parasites.

B  commensals.

C  mutualistic.

D  pathogens.