Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

B  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

E  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

F  none of the above is correct

A  sunlight

B  oxygen

C  carbon dioxide

D  dust

E  air

A  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

B  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

C  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

D  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

A  pathogenicity

B  commensalism

C  parasitism

D  mutualism

A  a more severe disease will result.

B  a different disease of the same severity will result.

C  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

D  a milder disease will result.

A  epidemic

B  pandemic

C  endemic

D  sporadic

A  sporadic.

B  endemic.

C  pandemic.

D  epidemic.

A  their outer shell is full of protons

B  their outer shell is full of neutrons

C  their outer shell is full of electrons

D  their outer shell is full of atoms

A  community infections

B  nosocomial infections

C  social infections

D  vector-borne infections

A  penetration point

B  infectious point

C  portal of entry

D  lethal point

A  reactive electrons

B  valence electrons

C  inert electrons

D  octet electrons

A  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

C  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

D  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

B  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

C  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

D  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

A  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

B  an infected host organism

C  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

D  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

A  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

B  social isolation never makes them go away

C  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

D  ignorance almost always makes them worse

A  incubation

B  prodromal

C  illness

D  convalescence

E  decline

F  more than one of the above is correct

A  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

B  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

C  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

D  they always are transmitted from the same vector

A  hot zone

B  source

C  reservoir

D  vector

A  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

B  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

C  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

D  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

E  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  mortality

B  prevalence

C  incidence

D  morbidity

A  herd immunity

B  vicarious immunity

C  resistance effect

D  threshold immunity

A  insects.

B  individuals

C  continents.

D  states.

E  animals.

A  non-polar covalent bond

B  hydrogen bond.

C  polar-covalent bond.

D  ionic bond.

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

C  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

D  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

A  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

B  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

C  an infection that spreads between two humans

D  an infection the spreads in a hospital

A  parenteral route.

B  respiratory membrane

C  nosocomial route

D  prodromal route

E  none of the above

A  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

B  all microorganisms of the same species

C  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

D  all microorganisms the human body

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

B  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the virulence of the organism

E  none of the above are correct

A  death rate

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  number of prevalence

D  number of incidences

E  infection rate

F  none of the above is correct

A  opportunistic

B  nosocomial

C  common source

D  partial

A  a parasite that kills its host

B  a microbe that causes disease in humans

C  a parasite that infects dogs

D  a virus that does nothing to humans

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

D  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the placenta

B  the respiratory tract

C  the digestive tract

D  the urinary tract

E  the eyes and skin

A  temperature

B  size

C  location

D  time

A  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  time of infection and recovery

B  the time of infection and death

C  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

D  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

A  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

B  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

C  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

D  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

A  environmental conditions

B  human behavior and genetic profile

C  genetic profile

D  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

A  it is highly virulent

B  its virulence is low

C  it is not human pathogen

D  it is a sporadic infection

E  none of the above are correct

A  air

B  disease

C  bacteria

D  cells

A  pH has no effect on virulence.

B  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

C  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

D  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

A  DNA

B  Gram stains

C  fats

D  mitochondrial

E  appearance

A  a Swan necked flask

B  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

C  a flask with a gauze covering

D  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

A  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

B  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

C  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

D  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

B  2, 8, 18

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

A  1000 times more acidic

B  3 times more acidic

C  100 times more acidic

D  30 times more acidic

E  10 times more acidic

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  door handles

C  human hands

D  towels

E  needles

A  7

B  7.5

C  8

D  14

E  1.5

A  pathogens.

B  commensals.

C  mutualistic.

D  parasites.