Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

B  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

E  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

F  none of the above is correct

A  air

B  dust

C  sunlight

D  oxygen

E  carbon dioxide

A  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

B  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

C  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

D  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

A  pathogenicity

B  commensalism

C  mutualism

D  parasitism

A  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

B  a different disease of the same severity will result.

C  a more severe disease will result.

D  a milder disease will result.

A  sporadic

B  endemic

C  epidemic

D  pandemic

A  pandemic.

B  epidemic.

C  sporadic.

D  endemic.

A  their outer shell is full of atoms

B  their outer shell is full of electrons

C  their outer shell is full of protons

D  their outer shell is full of neutrons

A  nosocomial infections

B  vector-borne infections

C  social infections

D  community infections

A  portal of entry

B  infectious point

C  lethal point

D  penetration point

A  reactive electrons

B  inert electrons

C  octet electrons

D  valence electrons

A  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

C  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

E  none of the above

A  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

B  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

C  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

D  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

A  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

B  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

C  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

D  an infected host organism

A  social isolation never makes them go away

B  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

C  ignorance almost always makes them worse

D  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

A  convalescence

B  decline

C  incubation

D  prodromal

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  illness

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  they always are transmitted from the same vector

C  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

D  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

A  source

B  hot zone

C  reservoir

D  vector

A  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

B  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

C  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

D  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

E  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  incidence

B  mortality

C  morbidity

D  prevalence

A  herd immunity

B  threshold immunity

C  resistance effect

D  vicarious immunity

A  individuals

B  insects.

C  animals.

D  states.

E  continents.

A  non-polar covalent bond

B  ionic bond.

C  polar-covalent bond.

D  hydrogen bond.

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

F  none of the above is correct

A  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

C  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

D  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

A  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

B  an infection that spreads between two humans

C  an infection the spreads in a hospital

D  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

A  prodromal route

B  respiratory membrane

C  nosocomial route

D  parenteral route.

E  none of the above

A  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

B  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

C  all microorganisms of the same species

D  all microorganisms the human body

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

B  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the virulence of the organism

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  number of prevalence

B  death rate

C  infection rate

D  number of incidences

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  partial

B  common source

C  opportunistic

D  nosocomial

A  a parasite that kills its host

B  a parasite that infects dogs

C  a microbe that causes disease in humans

D  a virus that does nothing to humans

A  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

B  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

A  the placenta

B  the respiratory tract

C  the urinary tract

D  the eyes and skin

E  the digestive tract

A  time

B  temperature

C  size

D  location

A  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  time of infection and recovery

B  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

C  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

D  the time of infection and death

A  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

B  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

C  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

D  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

A  human behavior and genetic profile

B  environmental conditions

C  genetic profile

D  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

A  it is not human pathogen

B  it is highly virulent

C  it is a sporadic infection

D  its virulence is low

E  none of the above are correct

A  disease

B  cells

C  air

D  bacteria

A  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

B  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

C  pH has no effect on virulence.

D  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

A  Gram stains

B  DNA

C  appearance

D  mitochondrial

E  fats

A  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

B  a Swan necked flask

C  a flask with a gauze covering

D  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

A  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

B  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

C  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

D  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

A  2, 8, 18

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

A  1000 times more acidic

B  3 times more acidic

C  10 times more acidic

D  100 times more acidic

E  30 times more acidic

A  needles

B  towels

C  human hands

D  door handles

E  more than one of the above is correct

A  1.5

B  14

C  7

D  8

E  7.5

A  commensals.

B  mutualistic.

C  parasites.

D  pathogens.