Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

B  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

C  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

D  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  carbon dioxide

B  dust

C  sunlight

D  air

E  oxygen

A  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

B  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

C  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

D  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

A  parasitism

B  pathogenicity

C  commensalism

D  mutualism

A  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

B  a more severe disease will result.

C  a milder disease will result.

D  a different disease of the same severity will result.

A  sporadic

B  endemic

C  epidemic

D  pandemic

A  endemic.

B  epidemic.

C  sporadic.

D  pandemic.

A  their outer shell is full of protons

B  their outer shell is full of neutrons

C  their outer shell is full of electrons

D  their outer shell is full of atoms

A  vector-borne infections

B  community infections

C  social infections

D  nosocomial infections

A  penetration point

B  portal of entry

C  lethal point

D  infectious point

A  reactive electrons

B  valence electrons

C  inert electrons

D  octet electrons

A  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

C  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

B  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

C  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

D  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

A  an infected host organism

B  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

C  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

D  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

A  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

B  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

C  ignorance almost always makes them worse

D  social isolation never makes them go away

A  decline

B  illness

C  convalescence

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  prodromal

F  incubation

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  they always are transmitted from the same vector

C  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

D  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

A  hot zone

B  reservoir

C  source

D  vector

A  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

B  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

C  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

D  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

E  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  incidence

B  mortality

C  prevalence

D  morbidity

A  herd immunity

B  resistance effect

C  threshold immunity

D  vicarious immunity

A  states.

B  individuals

C  animals.

D  insects.

E  continents.

A  non-polar covalent bond

B  ionic bond.

C  polar-covalent bond.

D  hydrogen bond.

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

F  none of the above is correct

A  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

B  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

C  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

D  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

A  an infection the spreads in a hospital

B  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

C  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

D  an infection that spreads between two humans

A  prodromal route

B  nosocomial route

C  respiratory membrane

D  parenteral route.

E  none of the above

A  all microorganisms the human body

B  all microorganisms of the same species

C  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

D  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

B  the virulence of the organism

C  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  death rate

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  number of incidences

D  number of prevalence

E  infection rate

F  none of the above is correct

A  nosocomial

B  partial

C  common source

D  opportunistic

A  a microbe that causes disease in humans

B  a parasite that kills its host

C  a virus that does nothing to humans

D  a parasite that infects dogs

A  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

B  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

C  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the placenta

B  the digestive tract

C  the eyes and skin

D  the respiratory tract

E  the urinary tract

A  time

B  temperature

C  location

D  size

A  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  time of infection and recovery

B  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

C  the time of infection and death

D  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

A  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

B  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

C  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

D  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

A  genetic profile

B  environmental conditions

C  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

D  human behavior and genetic profile

A  its virulence is low

B  it is not human pathogen

C  it is highly virulent

D  it is a sporadic infection

E  none of the above are correct

A  air

B  bacteria

C  disease

D  cells

A  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

B  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

C  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

D  pH has no effect on virulence.

A  appearance

B  Gram stains

C  mitochondrial

D  DNA

E  fats

A  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

B  a Swan necked flask

C  a flask with a gauze covering

D  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

A  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

B  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

C  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

D  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

B  2, 8, 18, 2

C  2, 8, 18

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

A  30 times more acidic

B  10 times more acidic

C  100 times more acidic

D  1000 times more acidic

E  3 times more acidic

A  towels

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  needles

D  door handles

E  human hands

A  1.5

B  8

C  7.5

D  7

E  14

A  mutualistic.

B  pathogens.

C  commensals.

D  parasites.