Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

B  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

C  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

D  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  sunlight

B  dust

C  carbon dioxide

D  air

E  oxygen

A  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

B  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

C  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

D  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing the experiment.

A  mutualism

B  parasitism

C  pathogenicity

D  commensalism

A  a milder disease will result.

B  a more severe disease will result.

C  a different disease of the same severity will result.

D  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

A  pandemic

B  epidemic

C  endemic

D  sporadic

A  sporadic.

B  endemic.

C  epidemic.

D  pandemic.

A  their outer shell is full of protons

B  their outer shell is full of neutrons

C  their outer shell is full of electrons

D  their outer shell is full of atoms

A  nosocomial infections

B  vector-borne infections

C  community infections

D  social infections

A  portal of entry

B  lethal point

C  penetration point

D  infectious point

A  inert electrons

B  reactive electrons

C  valence electrons

D  octet electrons

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell and the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

C  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

D  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

B  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

C  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

D  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

A  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

B  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

C  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

D  an infected host organism

A  social isolation never makes them go away

B  ignorance almost always makes them worse

C  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

D  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  illness

C  decline

D  convalescence

E  prodromal

F  incubation

A  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

B  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

C  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

D  they always are transmitted from the same vector

A  source

B  hot zone

C  vector

D  reservoir

A  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

C  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

D  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

E  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

A  mortality

B  morbidity

C  incidence

D  prevalence

A  herd immunity

B  resistance effect

C  vicarious immunity

D  threshold immunity

A  animals.

B  individuals

C  states.

D  continents.

E  insects.

A  polar-covalent bond.

B  non-polar covalent bond

C  hydrogen bond.

D  ionic bond.

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

F  none of the above is correct

A  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

B  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

C  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

D  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

A  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

B  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

C  an infection that spreads between two humans

D  an infection the spreads in a hospital

A  nosocomial route

B  respiratory membrane

C  parenteral route.

D  prodromal route

E  none of the above

A  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

B  all microorganisms of the same species

C  all microorganisms the human body

D  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

A  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the virulence of the organism

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

E  none of the above are correct

A  number of incidences

B  number of prevalence

C  infection rate

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  death rate

F  none of the above is correct

A  nosocomial

B  partial

C  common source

D  opportunistic

A  a microbe that causes disease in humans

B  a parasite that kills its host

C  a parasite that infects dogs

D  a virus that does nothing to humans

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

A  the digestive tract

B  the urinary tract

C  the placenta

D  the respiratory tract

E  the eyes and skin

A  temperature

B  time

C  location

D  size

A  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  time of infection and recovery

B  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

C  the time of infection and death

D  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

A  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

B  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

C  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

D  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

A  genetic profile, human behavior and environmental conditions

B  genetic profile

C  human behavior and genetic profile

D  environmental conditions

A  it is a sporadic infection

B  it is not human pathogen

C  its virulence is low

D  it is highly virulent

E  none of the above are correct

A  disease

B  cells

C  bacteria

D  air

A  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

B  pH has no effect on virulence.

C  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

D  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

A  DNA

B  Gram stains

C  fats

D  appearance

E  mitochondrial

A  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

B  a flask with a gauze covering

C  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

D  a Swan necked flask

A  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

B  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

C  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

D  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

B  2, 8, 18, 2

C  2, 8, 18

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

A  3 times more acidic

B  30 times more acidic

C  10 times more acidic

D  100 times more acidic

E  1000 times more acidic

A  door handles

B  towels

C  human hands

D  needles

E  more than one of the above is correct

A  7.5

B  14

C  8

D  7

E  1.5

A  commensals.

B  parasites.

C  mutualistic.

D  pathogens.