Test 1

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Question #1

The division of labor is highest in which type of society?

A feudal

B advanced industrial

C hunting and gathering

D industrial

E imperial societies

Question #2

In which of these societies was work regarded as a sacred ritual?

A postindustrial society

B hunting and gathering societies

C feudal system

D merchant capitalism

E mass production

Question #3

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller, age 45, worked Tuesday through Friday at the Westview Widget Works. He took Monday off to attend a neighbor’s funeral.

A not in the labor force

B not in the target population

C employed

D discouraged worker

E unemployed

Question #4

Historically, many systems of work encountered certain difficulties. Select the system of organizing work associated with that system’s reason for difficulty:
The work day lengthened, work intensified, and the number of holidays decreased.

A the factory system

B guild system (Roman Era)

C putting-out industry

D postindustrial society

E craft guilds (Middle Ages)

Question #5

Markets in modern societies

A all of the others

B have replaced barter.

C are global in reach.

D involve services as well as goods.

E cover many more commodities used in daily life.

Question #6

Industrial capitalism (the factory system) was accompanied by

A the introduction of machinery.

B the emancipation of women through participation in the workforce.

C stopping emigration to the colonies.

D a decrease in the division of labor.

E greater attention to workers’ conditions.

Question #7

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller’s father, Walter Miller, age 77, is retired but spent the week sitting in the courthouse square and playing checkers. He won $3 from Sam Smith by betting on the outcome of the checkers game.

A not in the labor force

B discouraged worker

C employed

D not in the target population

E unemployed

Question #8

The relative disadvantage of sample surveys is

A lack of generalizability.

B experimenter bias.

C response error.

D interviewer fatigue.

E lack of reliability.

Question #9

An advantage of multiple methods is

A greater government subsidy.

B less attention to ascribed characteristics.

C greater reliability.

D less experimental bias.

E less response error.

Question #10

Imperial societies developed

A slave labor.

B the assembly line.

C agriculture.

D bureaucracy.

E markets.

Question #11

Classical and contemporary theories of work are challenged by

A the creation of a class structure.

B the monetization of commodity production.

C the development of bureaucracy.

D the alienation of workers.

E rapid change in the nature of work.

Question #12

The contradictory nature of work is depicted by

A the fact that work produces both satisfaction and alienation.

B the fact that work generates both goods and services.

C the contrast between the situations of free workers and slaves.

D the fact that both workers and managers can be described as working.

F the relationship of bureaucracy to technology.

Question #13

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Clara Miller, Walter’s wife, is age 75. She has stopped looking for work because she believes no one will hire a woman of her age.

A discouraged worker

B unemployed

C not in the labor force

D employed

E not in the target population

Question #14

The social stratification of a society is most influenced by

A the ratio of unpaid to paid labor.

B the level of technology in services.

C the number of factories per thousand workers.

D the number of women who work outside the home.

E the division of labor.

Question #15

A good survey includes all of the following EXCEPT

A valid questions.

B minimal response error.

C a representative set of respondents.

D reliable questions.

E experimenter bias.

Question #16

Serfs are associated with

A craft work in a city.

B craft work in ancient Rome.

C service work.

D sheep enclosures.

E corvee labor.

Question #17

When sociologists conduct sample surveys, they ask questions of a systematic sample of people. What is the relationship of the sample to the population of interest?

A The sample has a smaller response error than the population.

B The sample is representative of the population.

C The sample answers questions that the population refuses to answer.

D The sample is the same as the population.

E The sample represents only the working part of the population.

Question #18

Sociologists who study work use as their unit of analysis
all of the following EXCEPT

A income tax returns.

B the worker.

C the labor force.

D unions.

E occupations.

Question #19

Characteristics of work that are hard to measure often involve

A experimental bias.

B both objective and subjective elements.

C official labor force statistics.

D sample surveys.

E the Hawthorne Effect.

Question #20

How occupations are perceived by others is measured by

A establishment surveys.

B socioeconomic status scores.

C mixed methods.

D occupational prestige.

E detailed occupation groupings.

Question #21

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Sharon Miller, age 17, spent four hours Friday evening and four hours Saturday evening baby-sitting for the Rodriguez family.

A employed

B not in the labor force

C discouraged worker

D unemployed

E not in the target population

Question #22

Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is true?

A By definition, a bureaucracy can exist only in the government or not-for-profit sector.

B A bureaucracy is a hierarchy based on personal authority and charisma.

C Bureaucracies are highly inefficient by nature.

D A bureaucracy is characterized by standardized rules and procedures.

E Bureaucracies exist only in Europe and the United States.

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