Test 1

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Question #1

The division of labor is highest in which type of society?

A feudal

B hunting and gathering

C industrial

D imperial societies

E advanced industrial

Question #2

In which of these societies was work regarded as a sacred ritual?

A hunting and gathering societies

B mass production

C postindustrial society

D feudal system

E merchant capitalism

Question #3

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller, age 45, worked Tuesday through Friday at the Westview Widget Works. He took Monday off to attend a neighbor’s funeral.

A unemployed

B not in the labor force

C employed

D not in the target population

E discouraged worker

Question #4

Historically, many systems of work encountered certain difficulties. Select the system of organizing work associated with that system’s reason for difficulty:
The work day lengthened, work intensified, and the number of holidays decreased.

A the factory system

B guild system (Roman Era)

C craft guilds (Middle Ages)

D postindustrial society

E putting-out industry

Question #5

Markets in modern societies

A involve services as well as goods.

B are global in reach.

C cover many more commodities used in daily life.

D all of the others

E have replaced barter.

Question #6

Industrial capitalism (the factory system) was accompanied by

A stopping emigration to the colonies.

B greater attention to workers’ conditions.

C the introduction of machinery.

D a decrease in the division of labor.

E the emancipation of women through participation in the workforce.

Question #7

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller’s father, Walter Miller, age 77, is retired but spent the week sitting in the courthouse square and playing checkers. He won $3 from Sam Smith by betting on the outcome of the checkers game.

A not in the labor force

B unemployed

C not in the target population

D discouraged worker

E employed

Question #8

The relative disadvantage of sample surveys is

A interviewer fatigue.

B response error.

C lack of reliability.

D experimenter bias.

E lack of generalizability.

Question #9

An advantage of multiple methods is

A greater reliability.

B less experimental bias.

C less response error.

D greater government subsidy.

E less attention to ascribed characteristics.

Question #10

Imperial societies developed

A bureaucracy.

B slave labor.

C markets.

D the assembly line.

E agriculture.

Question #11

Classical and contemporary theories of work are challenged by

A the development of bureaucracy.

B the monetization of commodity production.

C rapid change in the nature of work.

D the alienation of workers.

E the creation of a class structure.

Question #12

The contradictory nature of work is depicted by

A the fact that work generates both goods and services.

B the contrast between the situations of free workers and slaves.

D the fact that both workers and managers can be described as working.

E the fact that work produces both satisfaction and alienation.

F the relationship of bureaucracy to technology.

Question #13

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Clara Miller, Walter’s wife, is age 75. She has stopped looking for work because she believes no one will hire a woman of her age.

A discouraged worker

B unemployed

C not in the target population

D employed

E not in the labor force

Question #14

The social stratification of a society is most influenced by

A the level of technology in services.

B the number of women who work outside the home.

C the number of factories per thousand workers.

D the ratio of unpaid to paid labor.

E the division of labor.

Question #15

A good survey includes all of the following EXCEPT

A reliable questions.

B valid questions.

C minimal response error.

D a representative set of respondents.

E experimenter bias.

Question #16

Serfs are associated with

A craft work in ancient Rome.

B sheep enclosures.

C service work.

D corvee labor.

E craft work in a city.

Question #17

When sociologists conduct sample surveys, they ask questions of a systematic sample of people. What is the relationship of the sample to the population of interest?

A The sample is the same as the population.

B The sample represents only the working part of the population.

C The sample has a smaller response error than the population.

D The sample is representative of the population.

E The sample answers questions that the population refuses to answer.

Question #18

Sociologists who study work use as their unit of analysis
all of the following EXCEPT

A unions.

B occupations.

C the worker.

D the labor force.

E income tax returns.

Question #19

Characteristics of work that are hard to measure often involve

A sample surveys.

B both objective and subjective elements.

C official labor force statistics.

D experimental bias.

E the Hawthorne Effect.

Question #20

How occupations are perceived by others is measured by

A socioeconomic status scores.

B mixed methods.

C detailed occupation groupings.

D occupational prestige.

E establishment surveys.

Question #21

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Sharon Miller, age 17, spent four hours Friday evening and four hours Saturday evening baby-sitting for the Rodriguez family.

A employed

B unemployed

C not in the target population

D discouraged worker

E not in the labor force

Question #22

Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is true?

A By definition, a bureaucracy can exist only in the government or not-for-profit sector.

B Bureaucracies exist only in Europe and the United States.

C A bureaucracy is a hierarchy based on personal authority and charisma.

D Bureaucracies are highly inefficient by nature.

E A bureaucracy is characterized by standardized rules and procedures.

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