Test 1

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Question #1

The division of labor is highest in which type of society?

A advanced industrial

B industrial

C imperial societies

D hunting and gathering

E feudal

Question #2

In which of these societies was work regarded as a sacred ritual?

A mass production

B hunting and gathering societies

C feudal system

D merchant capitalism

E postindustrial society

Question #3

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller, age 45, worked Tuesday through Friday at the Westview Widget Works. He took Monday off to attend a neighbor’s funeral.

A employed

B discouraged worker

C unemployed

D not in the labor force

E not in the target population

Question #4

Historically, many systems of work encountered certain difficulties. Select the system of organizing work associated with that system’s reason for difficulty:
The work day lengthened, work intensified, and the number of holidays decreased.

A postindustrial society

B putting-out industry

C the factory system

D craft guilds (Middle Ages)

E guild system (Roman Era)

Question #5

Markets in modern societies

A have replaced barter.

B involve services as well as goods.

C are global in reach.

D all of the others

E cover many more commodities used in daily life.

Question #6

Industrial capitalism (the factory system) was accompanied by

A the introduction of machinery.

B the emancipation of women through participation in the workforce.

C stopping emigration to the colonies.

D greater attention to workers’ conditions.

E a decrease in the division of labor.

Question #7

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller’s father, Walter Miller, age 77, is retired but spent the week sitting in the courthouse square and playing checkers. He won $3 from Sam Smith by betting on the outcome of the checkers game.

A employed

B not in the target population

C discouraged worker

D not in the labor force

E unemployed

Question #8

The relative disadvantage of sample surveys is

A response error.

B experimenter bias.

C interviewer fatigue.

D lack of generalizability.

E lack of reliability.

Question #9

An advantage of multiple methods is

A less response error.

B less attention to ascribed characteristics.

C less experimental bias.

D greater government subsidy.

E greater reliability.

Question #10

Imperial societies developed

A markets.

B bureaucracy.

C agriculture.

D slave labor.

E the assembly line.

Question #11

Classical and contemporary theories of work are challenged by

A the monetization of commodity production.

B the development of bureaucracy.

C rapid change in the nature of work.

D the creation of a class structure.

E the alienation of workers.

Question #12

The contradictory nature of work is depicted by

B the contrast between the situations of free workers and slaves.

C the fact that work produces both satisfaction and alienation.

D the relationship of bureaucracy to technology.

E the fact that work generates both goods and services.

F the fact that both workers and managers can be described as working.

Question #13

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Clara Miller, Walter’s wife, is age 75. She has stopped looking for work because she believes no one will hire a woman of her age.

A employed

B discouraged worker

C not in the labor force

D unemployed

E not in the target population

Question #14

The social stratification of a society is most influenced by

A the ratio of unpaid to paid labor.

B the number of factories per thousand workers.

C the level of technology in services.

D the number of women who work outside the home.

E the division of labor.

Question #15

A good survey includes all of the following EXCEPT

A reliable questions.

B minimal response error.

C a representative set of respondents.

D valid questions.

E experimenter bias.

Question #16

Serfs are associated with

A service work.

B sheep enclosures.

C craft work in ancient Rome.

D craft work in a city.

E corvee labor.

Question #17

When sociologists conduct sample surveys, they ask questions of a systematic sample of people. What is the relationship of the sample to the population of interest?

A The sample answers questions that the population refuses to answer.

B The sample is representative of the population.

C The sample represents only the working part of the population.

D The sample has a smaller response error than the population.

E The sample is the same as the population.

Question #18

Sociologists who study work use as their unit of analysis
all of the following EXCEPT

A occupations.

B the worker.

C unions.

D the labor force.

E income tax returns.

Question #19

Characteristics of work that are hard to measure often involve

A official labor force statistics.

B the Hawthorne Effect.

C sample surveys.

D experimental bias.

E both objective and subjective elements.

Question #20

How occupations are perceived by others is measured by

A occupational prestige.

B mixed methods.

C detailed occupation groupings.

D establishment surveys.

E socioeconomic status scores.

Question #21

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Sharon Miller, age 17, spent four hours Friday evening and four hours Saturday evening baby-sitting for the Rodriguez family.

A discouraged worker

B unemployed

C employed

D not in the labor force

E not in the target population

Question #22

Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is true?

A Bureaucracies are highly inefficient by nature.

B By definition, a bureaucracy can exist only in the government or not-for-profit sector.

C A bureaucracy is a hierarchy based on personal authority and charisma.

D A bureaucracy is characterized by standardized rules and procedures.

E Bureaucracies exist only in Europe and the United States.

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