Test 1

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Question #1

The division of labor is highest in which type of society?

A advanced industrial

B feudal

C imperial societies

D industrial

E hunting and gathering

Question #2

In which of these societies was work regarded as a sacred ritual?

A merchant capitalism

B feudal system

C mass production

D hunting and gathering societies

E postindustrial society

Question #3

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller, age 45, worked Tuesday through Friday at the Westview Widget Works. He took Monday off to attend a neighbor’s funeral.

A unemployed

B employed

C not in the labor force

D discouraged worker

E not in the target population

Question #4

Historically, many systems of work encountered certain difficulties. Select the system of organizing work associated with that system’s reason for difficulty:
The work day lengthened, work intensified, and the number of holidays decreased.

A postindustrial society

B the factory system

C guild system (Roman Era)

D putting-out industry

E craft guilds (Middle Ages)

Question #5

Markets in modern societies

A cover many more commodities used in daily life.

B have replaced barter.

C involve services as well as goods.

D are global in reach.

E all of the others

Question #6

Industrial capitalism (the factory system) was accompanied by

A greater attention to workers’ conditions.

B the emancipation of women through participation in the workforce.

C the introduction of machinery.

D stopping emigration to the colonies.

E a decrease in the division of labor.

Question #7

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller’s father, Walter Miller, age 77, is retired but spent the week sitting in the courthouse square and playing checkers. He won $3 from Sam Smith by betting on the outcome of the checkers game.

A not in the target population

B not in the labor force

C employed

D unemployed

E discouraged worker

Question #8

The relative disadvantage of sample surveys is

A interviewer fatigue.

B experimenter bias.

C response error.

D lack of reliability.

E lack of generalizability.

Question #9

An advantage of multiple methods is

A greater reliability.

B less response error.

C less experimental bias.

D less attention to ascribed characteristics.

E greater government subsidy.

Question #10

Imperial societies developed

A agriculture.

B bureaucracy.

C the assembly line.

D markets.

E slave labor.

Question #11

Classical and contemporary theories of work are challenged by

A the creation of a class structure.

B rapid change in the nature of work.

C the alienation of workers.

D the development of bureaucracy.

E the monetization of commodity production.

Question #12

The contradictory nature of work is depicted by

A the relationship of bureaucracy to technology.

B the fact that work produces both satisfaction and alienation.

D the fact that work generates both goods and services.

E the contrast between the situations of free workers and slaves.

F the fact that both workers and managers can be described as working.

Question #13

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Clara Miller, Walter’s wife, is age 75. She has stopped looking for work because she believes no one will hire a woman of her age.

A discouraged worker

B not in the target population

C not in the labor force

D employed

E unemployed

Question #14

The social stratification of a society is most influenced by

A the number of factories per thousand workers.

B the level of technology in services.

C the division of labor.

D the number of women who work outside the home.

E the ratio of unpaid to paid labor.

Question #15

A good survey includes all of the following EXCEPT

A a representative set of respondents.

B experimenter bias.

C valid questions.

D minimal response error.

E reliable questions.

Question #16

Serfs are associated with

A corvee labor.

B craft work in a city.

C craft work in ancient Rome.

D sheep enclosures.

E service work.

Question #17

When sociologists conduct sample surveys, they ask questions of a systematic sample of people. What is the relationship of the sample to the population of interest?

A The sample has a smaller response error than the population.

B The sample represents only the working part of the population.

C The sample is representative of the population.

D The sample answers questions that the population refuses to answer.

E The sample is the same as the population.

Question #18

Sociologists who study work use as their unit of analysis
all of the following EXCEPT

A the worker.

B occupations.

C unions.

D the labor force.

E income tax returns.

Question #19

Characteristics of work that are hard to measure often involve

A official labor force statistics.

B both objective and subjective elements.

C sample surveys.

D the Hawthorne Effect.

E experimental bias.

Question #20

How occupations are perceived by others is measured by

A establishment surveys.

B detailed occupation groupings.

C socioeconomic status scores.

D mixed methods.

E occupational prestige.

Question #21

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Sharon Miller, age 17, spent four hours Friday evening and four hours Saturday evening baby-sitting for the Rodriguez family.

A discouraged worker

B not in the labor force

C unemployed

D employed

E not in the target population

Question #22

Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is true?

A A bureaucracy is characterized by standardized rules and procedures.

B Bureaucracies are highly inefficient by nature.

C By definition, a bureaucracy can exist only in the government or not-for-profit sector.

D Bureaucracies exist only in Europe and the United States.

E A bureaucracy is a hierarchy based on personal authority and charisma.

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