Lecture Exam 1

A  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

B  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

C  all microorganisms of the same species

D  all microorganisms the human body

A  1.5

B  14

C  8

D  7.5

E  7

A  time of infection and recovery

B  the time of infection and death

C  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

D  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

A  a flask with a gauze covering

B  a Swan necked flask

C  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

D  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

A  a different disease of the same severity will result.

B  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

C  a milder disease will result.

D  a more severe disease will result.

A  a parasite that infects dogs

B  a parasite that kills its host

C  a microbe that causes disease in humans

D  a virus that does nothing to humans

A  polar-covalent bond.

B  non-polar covalent bond

C  ionic bond.

D  hydrogen bond.

A  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

B  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

C  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

D  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

A  resistance effect

B  threshold immunity

C  herd immunity

D  vicarious immunity

A  bacteria

B  cells

C  disease

D  air

A  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

B  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

C  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

D  pH has no effect on virulence.

A  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

B  an infection the spreads in a hospital

C  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

D  an infection that spreads between two humans

A  insects.

B  individuals

C  states.

D  continents.

E  animals.

A  commensalism

B  pathogenicity

C  parasitism

D  mutualism

A  Gram stains

B  fats

C  appearance

D  DNA

E  mitochondrial

A  vector-borne infections

B  community infections

C  social infections

D  nosocomial infections

A  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

C  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

D  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

E  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

A  illness

B  decline

C  incubation

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  convalescence

F  prodromal

A  reservoir

B  source

C  hot zone

D  vector

A  penetration point

B  lethal point

C  portal of entry

D  infectious point

A  100 times more acidic

B  10 times more acidic

C  3 times more acidic

D  30 times more acidic

E  1000 times more acidic

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the virulence of the organism

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

D  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  dust

B  carbon dioxide

C  oxygen

D  sunlight

E  air

A  human hands

B  towels

C  door handles

D  needles

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

B  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

C  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

D  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of protons

B  their outer shell is full of neutrons

C  their outer shell is full of atoms

D  their outer shell is full of electrons

A  human behavior

B  environmental conditions

C  genetic profile

D  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

A  the digestive tract

B  the respiratory tract

C  the placenta

D  the eyes and skin

E  the urinary tract

A  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

B  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

C  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

D  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

A  it is not human pathogen

B  it is highly virulent

C  it is a sporadic infection

D  its virulence is low

E  none of the above are correct

A  epidemic

B  sporadic

C  pandemic

D  endemic

A  mortality

B  morbidity

C  prevalence

D  incidence

A  2, 8, 18

B  2, 8, 18, 2

C  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

A  social isolation never makes them go away

B  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

C  ignorance almost always makes them worse

D  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

A  mutualistic.

B  pathogens.

C  commensals.

D  parasites.

A  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

C  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

D  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

B  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

C  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

D  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

A  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

B  an infected host organism

C  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

D  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

A  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

B  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

C  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

D  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

A  inert electrons

B  octet electrons

C  valence electrons

D  reactive electrons

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

F  none of the above is correct

A  nosocomial

B  opportunistic

C  partial

D  common source

A  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  both A & B are correct

C  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

E  none of the above

A  respiratory membrane

B  nosocomial route

C  prodromal route

D  parenteral route.

E  none of the above

A  number of incidences

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  number of prevalence

D  death rate

E  infection rate

F  none of the above is correct

A  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

B  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

C  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

D  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

A  epidemic.

B  endemic.

C  pandemic.

D  sporadic.

A  size

B  location

C  time

D  temperature

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  they always are transmitted from the same vector

C  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

D  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans