Lecture Exam 1

A  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

B  all microorganisms of the same species

C  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

D  all microorganisms the human body

A  8

B  7.5

C  7

D  14

E  1.5

A  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

B  the time of infection and death

C  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

D  time of infection and recovery

A  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

B  a flask with a gauze covering

C  a Swan necked flask

D  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

A  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

B  a more severe disease will result.

C  a milder disease will result.

D  a different disease of the same severity will result.

A  a parasite that infects dogs

B  a virus that does nothing to humans

C  a parasite that kills its host

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  hydrogen bond.

B  non-polar covalent bond

C  ionic bond.

D  polar-covalent bond.

A  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

B  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

C  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

D  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

A  herd immunity

B  resistance effect

C  threshold immunity

D  vicarious immunity

A  cells

B  air

C  disease

D  bacteria

A  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

B  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

C  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

D  pH has no effect on virulence.

A  an infection the spreads in a hospital

B  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

C  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

D  an infection that spreads between two humans

A  animals.

B  insects.

C  states.

D  continents.

E  individuals

A  mutualism

B  commensalism

C  parasitism

D  pathogenicity

A  Gram stains

B  fats

C  mitochondrial

D  appearance

E  DNA

A  social infections

B  vector-borne infections

C  nosocomial infections

D  community infections

A  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

B  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

C  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

D  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

E  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

A  decline

B  incubation

C  illness

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  prodromal

F  convalescence

A  source

B  reservoir

C  hot zone

D  vector

A  lethal point

B  portal of entry

C  infectious point

D  penetration point

A  100 times more acidic

B  30 times more acidic

C  1000 times more acidic

D  3 times more acidic

E  10 times more acidic

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

B  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the virulence of the organism

E  none of the above are correct

A  carbon dioxide

B  air

C  oxygen

D  sunlight

E  dust

A  door handles

B  towels

C  needles

D  human hands

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

B  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

E  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

F  none of the above is correct

A  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of electrons

B  their outer shell is full of neutrons

C  their outer shell is full of atoms

D  their outer shell is full of protons

A  environmental conditions

B  human behavior

C  genetic profile

D  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

A  the urinary tract

B  the eyes and skin

C  the respiratory tract

D  the digestive tract

E  the placenta

A  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

B  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

C  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

D  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

A  it is highly virulent

B  it is not human pathogen

C  it is a sporadic infection

D  its virulence is low

E  none of the above are correct

A  endemic

B  epidemic

C  pandemic

D  sporadic

A  prevalence

B  incidence

C  morbidity

D  mortality

A  2, 8, 18

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

C  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 2

A  social isolation never makes them go away

B  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

C  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

D  ignorance almost always makes them worse

A  mutualistic.

B  pathogens.

C  parasites.

D  commensals.

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

A  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

B  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

C  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

D  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

A  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

B  an infected host organism

C  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

D  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

A  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

B  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

C  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

D  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

A  octet electrons

B  inert electrons

C  reactive electrons

D  valence electrons

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

F  none of the above is correct

A  common source

B  partial

C  opportunistic

D  nosocomial

A  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

C  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

D  both A & B are correct

E  none of the above

A  respiratory membrane

B  nosocomial route

C  parenteral route.

D  prodromal route

E  none of the above

A  infection rate

B  number of incidences

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  number of prevalence

E  death rate

F  none of the above is correct

A  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

B  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

C  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

D  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

A  endemic.

B  epidemic.

C  sporadic.

D  pandemic.

A  time

B  location

C  temperature

D  size

A  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

B  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

C  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

D  they always are transmitted from the same vector