Lecture Exam 1

A  all microorganisms the human body

B  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

C  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

D  all microorganisms of the same species

A  14

B  8

C  7.5

D  7

E  1.5

A  the time of infection and death

B  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

C  time of infection and recovery

D  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

A  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

B  a flask with a gauze covering

C  a Swan necked flask

D  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

A  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

B  a milder disease will result.

C  a different disease of the same severity will result.

D  a more severe disease will result.

A  a parasite that infects dogs

B  a virus that does nothing to humans

C  a microbe that causes disease in humans

D  a parasite that kills its host

A  non-polar covalent bond

B  ionic bond.

C  polar-covalent bond.

D  hydrogen bond.

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

C  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

D  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

A  threshold immunity

B  vicarious immunity

C  resistance effect

D  herd immunity

A  cells

B  air

C  bacteria

D  disease

A  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

B  pH has no effect on virulence.

C  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

D  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

A  an infection that spreads between two humans

B  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

C  an infection the spreads in a hospital

D  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

A  states.

B  individuals

C  continents.

D  animals.

E  insects.

A  parasitism

B  mutualism

C  commensalism

D  pathogenicity

A  DNA

B  Gram stains

C  appearance

D  mitochondrial

E  fats

A  community infections

B  social infections

C  nosocomial infections

D  vector-borne infections

A  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

B  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

C  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

D  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

E  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  illness

B  prodromal

C  incubation

D  decline

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  convalescence

A  hot zone

B  reservoir

C  vector

D  source

A  portal of entry

B  lethal point

C  penetration point

D  infectious point

A  3 times more acidic

B  10 times more acidic

C  30 times more acidic

D  100 times more acidic

E  1000 times more acidic

A  the virulence of the organism

B  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

E  none of the above are correct

A  dust

B  air

C  oxygen

D  sunlight

E  carbon dioxide

A  towels

B  needles

C  human hands

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  door handles

F  none of the above is correct

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

C  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

D  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

E  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

F  none of the above is correct

A  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of electrons

B  their outer shell is full of neutrons

C  their outer shell is full of atoms

D  their outer shell is full of protons

A  genetic profile

B  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

C  environmental conditions

D  human behavior

A  the digestive tract

B  the respiratory tract

C  the eyes and skin

D  the urinary tract

E  the placenta

A  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

B  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

C  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

D  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

A  its virulence is low

B  it is highly virulent

C  it is not human pathogen

D  it is a sporadic infection

E  none of the above are correct

A  endemic

B  sporadic

C  epidemic

D  pandemic

A  prevalence

B  incidence

C  morbidity

D  mortality

A  2, 8, 18, 2

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

C  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

D  2, 8, 18

A  social isolation never makes them go away

B  ignorance almost always makes them worse

C  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

D  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

A  mutualistic.

B  pathogens.

C  parasites.

D  commensals.

A  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

B  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

B  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

C  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

D  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

A  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

B  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

C  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

D  an infected host organism

A  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

B  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

C  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

D  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

A  reactive electrons

B  octet electrons

C  inert electrons

D  valence electrons

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

F  none of the above is correct

A  partial

B  nosocomial

C  opportunistic

D  common source

A  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

C  both A & B are correct

D  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

E  none of the above

A  nosocomial route

B  prodromal route

C  respiratory membrane

D  parenteral route.

E  none of the above

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  number of incidences

C  death rate

D  infection rate

E  number of prevalence

F  none of the above is correct

A  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

B  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

C  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

D  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

A  pandemic.

B  epidemic.

C  endemic.

D  sporadic.

A  time

B  location

C  temperature

D  size

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

C  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

D  they always are transmitted from the same vector