Lecture Exam 1

A  all microorganisms of the same species

B  all microorganisms the human body

C  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

D  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

A  7

B  14

C  7.5

D  1.5

E  8

A  the time of infection and death

B  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

C  time of infection and recovery

D  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

A  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

B  a Swan necked flask

C  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

D  a flask with a gauze covering

A  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

B  a different disease of the same severity will result.

C  a milder disease will result.

D  a more severe disease will result.

A  a microbe that causes disease in humans

B  a parasite that infects dogs

C  a parasite that kills its host

D  a virus that does nothing to humans

A  ionic bond.

B  hydrogen bond.

C  non-polar covalent bond

D  polar-covalent bond.

A  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

B  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

C  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

D  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

A  threshold immunity

B  vicarious immunity

C  herd immunity

D  resistance effect

A  bacteria

B  air

C  cells

D  disease

A  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

B  pH has no effect on virulence.

C  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

D  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

A  an infection that spreads between two humans

B  an infection the spreads in a hospital

C  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

D  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

A  continents.

B  individuals

C  states.

D  insects.

E  animals.

A  pathogenicity

B  parasitism

C  mutualism

D  commensalism

A  Gram stains

B  appearance

C  fats

D  DNA

E  mitochondrial

A  vector-borne infections

B  social infections

C  nosocomial infections

D  community infections

A  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

C  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

D  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

E  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  prodromal

B  convalescence

C  incubation

D  illness

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  decline

A  source

B  hot zone

C  reservoir

D  vector

A  portal of entry

B  lethal point

C  infectious point

D  penetration point

A  10 times more acidic

B  1000 times more acidic

C  100 times more acidic

D  3 times more acidic

E  30 times more acidic

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

B  the virulence of the organism

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  air

B  sunlight

C  carbon dioxide

D  oxygen

E  dust

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  human hands

C  needles

D  door handles

E  towels

F  none of the above is correct

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

C  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

D  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

E  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

F  none of the above is correct

A  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of electrons

B  their outer shell is full of atoms

C  their outer shell is full of protons

D  their outer shell is full of neutrons

A  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

B  environmental conditions

C  human behavior

D  genetic profile

A  the respiratory tract

B  the eyes and skin

C  the digestive tract

D  the urinary tract

E  the placenta

A  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

B  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

C  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

D  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

A  it is not human pathogen

B  it is highly virulent

C  it is a sporadic infection

D  its virulence is low

E  none of the above are correct

A  epidemic

B  sporadic

C  pandemic

D  endemic

A  prevalence

B  morbidity

C  incidence

D  mortality

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

B  2, 8, 18

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

A  social isolation never makes them go away

B  ignorance almost always makes them worse

C  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

D  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

A  parasites.

B  pathogens.

C  mutualistic.

D  commensals.

A  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

C  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

D  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

B  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

C  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

D  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

A  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

B  an infected host organism

C  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

D  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

A  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

B  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

C  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

D  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

A  inert electrons

B  valence electrons

C  reactive electrons

D  octet electrons

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

F  none of the above is correct

A  partial

B  opportunistic

C  nosocomial

D  common source

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

B  both A & B are correct

C  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  nosocomial route

B  prodromal route

C  parenteral route.

D  respiratory membrane

E  none of the above

A  death rate

B  infection rate

C  number of prevalence

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  number of incidences

F  none of the above is correct

A  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

B  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

C  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

D  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

A  epidemic.

B  pandemic.

C  endemic.

D  sporadic.

A  location

B  time

C  temperature

D  size

A  they always are transmitted from the same vector

B  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

C  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

D  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics