Lecture Exam 1

A  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

B  all microorganisms the human body

C  all microorganisms of the same species

D  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

A  7.5

B  7

C  8

D  14

E  1.5

A  the time of infection and death

B  time of infection and recovery

C  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

D  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

A  a Swan necked flask

B  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

C  a flask with a gauze covering

D  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

A  a more severe disease will result.

B  a milder disease will result.

C  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

D  a different disease of the same severity will result.

A  a parasite that kills its host

B  a microbe that causes disease in humans

C  a parasite that infects dogs

D  a virus that does nothing to humans

A  hydrogen bond.

B  polar-covalent bond.

C  non-polar covalent bond

D  ionic bond.

A  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

B  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

C  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

D  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

A  vicarious immunity

B  herd immunity

C  resistance effect

D  threshold immunity

A  bacteria

B  air

C  disease

D  cells

A  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

B  pH has no effect on virulence.

C  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

D  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

A  an infection that spreads between two humans

B  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

C  an infection the spreads in a hospital

D  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

A  animals.

B  individuals

C  states.

D  continents.

E  insects.

A  commensalism

B  mutualism

C  parasitism

D  pathogenicity

A  mitochondrial

B  DNA

C  appearance

D  fats

E  Gram stains

A  vector-borne infections

B  nosocomial infections

C  community infections

D  social infections

A  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

B  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

C  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

D  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

E  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  decline

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  incubation

D  illness

E  prodromal

F  convalescence

A  vector

B  reservoir

C  hot zone

D  source

A  lethal point

B  portal of entry

C  infectious point

D  penetration point

A  10 times more acidic

B  3 times more acidic

C  100 times more acidic

D  1000 times more acidic

E  30 times more acidic

A  the virulence of the organism

B  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  sunlight

B  carbon dioxide

C  oxygen

D  air

E  dust

A  needles

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  door handles

D  human hands

E  towels

F  none of the above is correct

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

C  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

D  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

E  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

F  none of the above is correct

A  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of neutrons

B  their outer shell is full of electrons

C  their outer shell is full of protons

D  their outer shell is full of atoms

A  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

B  genetic profile

C  environmental conditions

D  human behavior

A  the respiratory tract

B  the digestive tract

C  the urinary tract

D  the placenta

E  the eyes and skin

A  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

B  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

C  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

D  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

A  it is highly virulent

B  it is not human pathogen

C  it is a sporadic infection

D  its virulence is low

E  none of the above are correct

A  sporadic

B  endemic

C  epidemic

D  pandemic

A  morbidity

B  mortality

C  prevalence

D  incidence

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

B  2, 8, 18

C  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 2

A  social isolation never makes them go away

B  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

C  ignorance almost always makes them worse

D  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

A  parasites.

B  mutualistic.

C  pathogens.

D  commensals.

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

D  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

A  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

B  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

C  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

D  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

A  an infected host organism

B  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

C  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

D  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

A  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

B  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

C  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

D  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

A  reactive electrons

B  valence electrons

C  inert electrons

D  octet electrons

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

F  none of the above is correct

A  common source

B  opportunistic

C  nosocomial

D  partial

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

B  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

C  both A & B are correct

D  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  prodromal route

B  parenteral route.

C  respiratory membrane

D  nosocomial route

E  none of the above

A  number of incidences

B  number of prevalence

C  infection rate

D  death rate

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

B  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

C  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

D  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

A  sporadic.

B  endemic.

C  epidemic.

D  pandemic.

A  temperature

B  size

C  location

D  time

A  they always are transmitted from the same vector

B  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

C  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

D  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics