Lecture Exam 1

A  all microorganisms of the same species

B  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

C  all microorganisms the human body

D  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

A  7

B  8

C  7.5

D  1.5

E  14

A  the time of infection and death

B  time of infection and recovery

C  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

D  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

A  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

B  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

C  a flask with a gauze covering

D  a Swan necked flask

A  a more severe disease will result.

B  a milder disease will result.

C  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

D  a different disease of the same severity will result.

A  a virus that does nothing to humans

B  a parasite that kills its host

C  a parasite that infects dogs

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  ionic bond.

B  polar-covalent bond.

C  non-polar covalent bond

D  hydrogen bond.

A  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

B  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

C  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

D  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

A  herd immunity

B  threshold immunity

C  resistance effect

D  vicarious immunity

A  cells

B  bacteria

C  disease

D  air

A  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

B  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

C  pH has no effect on virulence.

D  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

A  an infection the spreads in a hospital

B  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

C  an infection that spreads between two humans

D  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

A  states.

B  individuals

C  insects.

D  continents.

E  animals.

A  commensalism

B  parasitism

C  mutualism

D  pathogenicity

A  mitochondrial

B  DNA

C  fats

D  appearance

E  Gram stains

A  nosocomial infections

B  community infections

C  social infections

D  vector-borne infections

A  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

C  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

D  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

E  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  convalescence

B  prodromal

C  decline

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  incubation

F  illness

A  source

B  hot zone

C  vector

D  reservoir

A  lethal point

B  infectious point

C  portal of entry

D  penetration point

A  100 times more acidic

B  1000 times more acidic

C  3 times more acidic

D  10 times more acidic

E  30 times more acidic

A  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the virulence of the organism

D  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

E  none of the above are correct

A  dust

B  sunlight

C  oxygen

D  air

E  carbon dioxide

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  human hands

C  needles

D  towels

E  door handles

F  none of the above is correct

A  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

B  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

C  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

D  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of neutrons

B  their outer shell is full of atoms

C  their outer shell is full of protons

D  their outer shell is full of electrons

A  genetic profile

B  environmental conditions

C  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

D  human behavior

A  the placenta

B  the digestive tract

C  the respiratory tract

D  the eyes and skin

E  the urinary tract

A  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

B  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

C  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

D  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

A  it is a sporadic infection

B  it is not human pathogen

C  it is highly virulent

D  its virulence is low

E  none of the above are correct

A  pandemic

B  epidemic

C  sporadic

D  endemic

A  morbidity

B  incidence

C  prevalence

D  mortality

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

C  2, 8, 18

D  2, 8, 18, 2

A  ignorance almost always makes them worse

B  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

C  social isolation never makes them go away

D  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

A  pathogens.

B  parasites.

C  mutualistic.

D  commensals.

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

A  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

B  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

C  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

D  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

A  an infected host organism

B  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

C  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

D  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

A  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

B  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

C  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

D  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

A  reactive electrons

B  inert electrons

C  valence electrons

D  octet electrons

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

F  none of the above is correct

A  opportunistic

B  common source

C  partial

D  nosocomial

A  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

B  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

C  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

D  both A & B are correct

E  none of the above

A  nosocomial route

B  respiratory membrane

C  prodromal route

D  parenteral route.

E  none of the above

A  number of incidences

B  death rate

C  number of prevalence

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  infection rate

F  none of the above is correct

A  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

B  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

C  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

D  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

A  sporadic.

B  epidemic.

C  pandemic.

D  endemic.

A  time

B  temperature

C  size

D  location

A  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

B  they always are transmitted from the same vector

C  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

D  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics