Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

B  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

C  Increased blood volume

D  Increased sympathetic stimulation

E  Increased venous return

A  Decrease stroke volume

B  Increase heart rate

C  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

D  Increase stroke volume

E  Decrease heart rate

A  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

B  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

C  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

D  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

E  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  CCK

B  Histamine

C  Somatostatin

D  Gastrin

E  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

F  Acetylcholine

A  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

B  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

C  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

D  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

E  It emulsifies lipids.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

B  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

C  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

D  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

E  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  peristalsis.

B  segmentation.

C  distension.

D  mass movement.

E  eccentric.

A  transferrin.

B  hemochromatosis.

C  ferritin.

D  myoglobin.

E  glycogen.

A  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

B  Respiration is inhibited.

C  The glottis closes.

D  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

E  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

B  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

C  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

D  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

E  gamma immunoglobulin only.

A  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

B  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

C  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

D  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

E  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Immediate hypersensitivity

B  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

C  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

D  Delayed hypersensitivity

A  monocytes.

B  T cells.

C  cytokines.

D  macrophages.

E  memory cells.

A  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

B  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

C  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

D  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

E  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

A  Interleukin 2

B  Type 2 interferons

C  Antibodies

D  Colony-stimulating factors

E  Type 1 interferons

A  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

B  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

C  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

D  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

E  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Metabolic alkalosis

B  Respiratory acidosis

C  Metabolic acidosis

D  Increased blood P CO2

E  Respiratory alkalosis

A  Higher than normal arterial pH

B  Iron-deficiency anemia

C  Breathing carbon monoxide

D  Breathing air with increased PCO2

E  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  As dissolved HCO 3 –

B  As dissolved CO 2

C  Bound to hemoglobin

D  AsH 2CO 3

E  As carbonic anhydrase

A  sympathetic; contraction; increase

B  motor; contraction; increase

C  motor; contraction; decrease

D  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

E  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

A  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

B  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

C  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

B  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

C  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

D  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

E  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

A  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

B  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

C  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

D  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

A  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

B  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

C  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

D  Cholinergic antagonist

E  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the brain.

B  the skin.

C  the abdominal organs.

D  the heart.

E  the skeletal muscles

A  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

B  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

C  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

D  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

E  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

A  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

B  Total peripheral resistance

C  Cardiac output

D  Mean arterial pressure

E  Heart rate

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Lung disease

B  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

C  Dietary iron deficiency

D  Internal bleeding

E  Kidney disease

A  interneurons.

B  gap junctions.

C  desmosomes.

D  coronary vessels.

E  valves.