Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

B  Increased sympathetic stimulation

C  Increased venous return

D  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

E  Increased blood volume

A  Increase heart rate

B  Increase stroke volume

C  Decrease stroke volume

D  Decrease heart rate

E  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

A  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

B  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

C  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

D  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

E  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Acetylcholine

B  CCK

C  Somatostatin

D  Gastrin

E  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

F  Histamine

A  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

B  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

C  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

D  It emulsifies lipids.

E  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

B  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

C  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

D  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

E  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  segmentation.

B  distension.

C  mass movement.

D  eccentric.

E  peristalsis.

A  transferrin.

B  myoglobin.

C  ferritin.

D  hemochromatosis.

E  glycogen.

A  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

B  The glottis closes.

C  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

D  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

E  Respiration is inhibited.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

B  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

C  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

D  gamma immunoglobulin only.

E  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

A  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

B  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

C  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

D  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

E  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

B  Immediate hypersensitivity

C  Delayed hypersensitivity

D  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

A  memory cells.

B  monocytes.

C  T cells.

D  macrophages.

E  cytokines.

A  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

B  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

C  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

D  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

E  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

A  Antibodies

B  Type 1 interferons

C  Interleukin 2

D  Colony-stimulating factors

E  Type 2 interferons

A  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

B  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

C  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

D  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

E  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Metabolic acidosis

B  Increased blood P CO2

C  Respiratory alkalosis

D  Metabolic alkalosis

E  Respiratory acidosis

A  Breathing carbon monoxide

B  Iron-deficiency anemia

C  Higher than normal arterial pH

D  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

E  Breathing air with increased PCO2

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  As dissolved HCO 3 –

B  Bound to hemoglobin

C  As dissolved CO 2

D  AsH 2CO 3

E  As carbonic anhydrase

A  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

B  motor; contraction; increase

C  motor; contraction; decrease

D  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

E  sympathetic; contraction; increase

A  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

B  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

C  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

B  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

C  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

D  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

E  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

A  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

B  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

C  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

D  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

A  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

B  Cholinergic antagonist

C  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

D  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

E  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the brain.

B  the abdominal organs.

C  the skeletal muscles

D  the heart.

E  the skin.

A  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

B  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

C  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

D  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

E  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

A  Heart rate

B  Mean arterial pressure

C  Cardiac output

D  Total peripheral resistance

E  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lung disease

B  Internal bleeding

C  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

D  Dietary iron deficiency

E  Kidney disease

A  valves.

B  interneurons.

C  desmosomes.

D  coronary vessels.

E  gap junctions.