Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased sympathetic stimulation

B  Increased venous return

C  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

D  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

E  Increased blood volume

A  Decrease heart rate

B  Increase stroke volume

C  Decrease stroke volume

D  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

E  Increase heart rate

A  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

B  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

C  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

D  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

E  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

B  Gastrin

C  Histamine

D  Acetylcholine

E  Somatostatin

F  CCK

A  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

B  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

C  It emulsifies lipids.

D  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

E  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

B  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

C  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

D  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

E  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  eccentric.

B  mass movement.

C  segmentation.

D  distension.

E  peristalsis.

A  hemochromatosis.

B  transferrin.

C  glycogen.

D  myoglobin.

E  ferritin.

A  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

B  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

C  The glottis closes.

D  Respiration is inhibited.

E  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

B  gamma immunoglobulin only.

C  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

D  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

E  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

A  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

B  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

C  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

D  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

E  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Immediate hypersensitivity

B  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

C  Delayed hypersensitivity

D  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

A  cytokines.

B  memory cells.

C  T cells.

D  macrophages.

E  monocytes.

A  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

B  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

C  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

D  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

E  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

A  Type 1 interferons

B  Antibodies

C  Colony-stimulating factors

D  Interleukin 2

E  Type 2 interferons

A  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

B  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

C  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

D  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

E  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Metabolic acidosis

B  Respiratory alkalosis

C  Metabolic alkalosis

D  Respiratory acidosis

E  Increased blood P CO2

A  Iron-deficiency anemia

B  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

C  Breathing carbon monoxide

D  Higher than normal arterial pH

E  Breathing air with increased PCO2

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  AsH 2CO 3

B  Bound to hemoglobin

C  As carbonic anhydrase

D  As dissolved CO 2

E  As dissolved HCO 3 –

A  motor; contraction; increase

B  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

C  motor; contraction; decrease

D  sympathetic; contraction; increase

E  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

A  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

B  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

C  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

B  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

C  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

D  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

E  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

A  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

B  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

C  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

D  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

A  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

B  Cholinergic antagonist

C  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

D  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

E  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  the skeletal muscles

B  the abdominal organs.

C  the heart.

D  the brain.

E  the skin.

A  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

B  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

C  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

D  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

E  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

A  Heart rate

B  Mean arterial pressure

C  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

D  Total peripheral resistance

E  Cardiac output

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Dietary iron deficiency

B  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

C  Kidney disease

D  Internal bleeding

E  Lung disease

A  coronary vessels.

B  gap junctions.

C  valves.

D  interneurons.

E  desmosomes.