Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased venous return

B  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

C  Increased blood volume

D  Increased sympathetic stimulation

E  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

A  Increase heart rate

B  Decrease heart rate

C  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

D  Increase stroke volume

E  Decrease stroke volume

A  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

B  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

C  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

D  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

E  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Acetylcholine

B  Histamine

C  Gastrin

D  Somatostatin

E  CCK

F  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

A  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

B  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

C  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

D  It emulsifies lipids.

E  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

B  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

C  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

D  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

E  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  eccentric.

B  distension.

C  mass movement.

D  segmentation.

E  peristalsis.

A  glycogen.

B  ferritin.

C  myoglobin.

D  hemochromatosis.

E  transferrin.

A  Respiration is inhibited.

B  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

C  The glottis closes.

D  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

E  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

B  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

C  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

D  gamma immunoglobulin only.

E  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

A  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

B  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

C  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

D  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

E  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

B  Immediate hypersensitivity

C  Delayed hypersensitivity

D  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

A  memory cells.

B  T cells.

C  monocytes.

D  cytokines.

E  macrophages.

A  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

B  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

C  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

D  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

E  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

A  Type 2 interferons

B  Interleukin 2

C  Type 1 interferons

D  Colony-stimulating factors

E  Antibodies

A  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

B  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

C  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

D  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

E  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Increased blood P CO2

B  Metabolic acidosis

C  Respiratory acidosis

D  Metabolic alkalosis

E  Respiratory alkalosis

A  Breathing air with increased PCO2

B  Higher than normal arterial pH

C  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

D  Breathing carbon monoxide

E  Iron-deficiency anemia

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  As dissolved CO 2

B  Bound to hemoglobin

C  AsH 2CO 3

D  As dissolved HCO 3 –

E  As carbonic anhydrase

A  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

B  motor; contraction; increase

C  sympathetic; contraction; increase

D  motor; contraction; decrease

E  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

A  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

B  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

C  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

B  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

C  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

D  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

E  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

A  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

B  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

C  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

D  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

A  Cholinergic antagonist

B  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

C  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

D  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

E  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  the skin.

B  the brain.

C  the heart.

D  the skeletal muscles

E  the abdominal organs.

A  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

B  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

C  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

D  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

E  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

A  Cardiac output

B  Total peripheral resistance

C  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

D  Heart rate

E  Mean arterial pressure

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

B  Dietary iron deficiency

C  Internal bleeding

D  Lung disease

E  Kidney disease

A  gap junctions.

B  interneurons.

C  valves.

D  desmosomes.

E  coronary vessels.