Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased venous return

B  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

C  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

D  Increased blood volume

E  Increased sympathetic stimulation

A  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

B  Decrease heart rate

C  Increase stroke volume

D  Increase heart rate

E  Decrease stroke volume

A  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

B  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

C  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

D  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

E  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Gastrin

B  Acetylcholine

C  Histamine

D  Somatostatin

E  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

F  CCK

A  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

B  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

C  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

D  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

E  It emulsifies lipids.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

B  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

C  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

D  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

E  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  mass movement.

B  distension.

C  eccentric.

D  segmentation.

E  peristalsis.

A  ferritin.

B  myoglobin.

C  hemochromatosis.

D  glycogen.

E  transferrin.

A  The glottis closes.

B  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

C  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

D  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

E  Respiration is inhibited.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

B  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

C  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

D  gamma immunoglobulin only.

E  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

A  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

B  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

C  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

D  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

E  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Immediate hypersensitivity

B  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

C  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

D  Delayed hypersensitivity

A  memory cells.

B  monocytes.

C  T cells.

D  cytokines.

E  macrophages.

A  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

B  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

C  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

D  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

E  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

A  Type 2 interferons

B  Type 1 interferons

C  Colony-stimulating factors

D  Interleukin 2

E  Antibodies

A  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

B  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

C  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

D  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

E  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Respiratory alkalosis

B  Metabolic acidosis

C  Metabolic alkalosis

D  Increased blood P CO2

E  Respiratory acidosis

A  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

B  Breathing carbon monoxide

C  Iron-deficiency anemia

D  Higher than normal arterial pH

E  Breathing air with increased PCO2

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  As dissolved CO 2

B  As carbonic anhydrase

C  AsH 2CO 3

D  As dissolved HCO 3 –

E  Bound to hemoglobin

A  motor; contraction; increase

B  motor; contraction; decrease

C  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

D  sympathetic; contraction; increase

E  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

A  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

B  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

C  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

B  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

C  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

D  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

E  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

A  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

B  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

C  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

D  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

A  Cholinergic antagonist

B  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

C  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

D  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

E  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  the abdominal organs.

B  the heart.

C  the brain.

D  the skeletal muscles

E  the skin.

A  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

B  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

C  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

D  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

E  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

A  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

B  Total peripheral resistance

C  Heart rate

D  Cardiac output

E  Mean arterial pressure

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Kidney disease

B  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

C  Internal bleeding

D  Dietary iron deficiency

E  Lung disease

A  interneurons.

B  coronary vessels.

C  valves.

D  desmosomes.

E  gap junctions.