Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased sympathetic stimulation

B  Increased blood volume

C  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

D  Increased venous return

E  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

A  Decrease heart rate

B  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

C  Increase stroke volume

D  Decrease stroke volume

E  Increase heart rate

A  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

B  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

C  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

D  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

E  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Somatostatin

B  Gastrin

C  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

D  Histamine

E  CCK

F  Acetylcholine

A  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

B  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

C  It emulsifies lipids.

D  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

E  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

B  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

C  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

D  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

E  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  eccentric.

B  distension.

C  segmentation.

D  mass movement.

E  peristalsis.

A  ferritin.

B  myoglobin.

C  hemochromatosis.

D  glycogen.

E  transferrin.

A  Respiration is inhibited.

B  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

C  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

D  The glottis closes.

E  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

B  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

C  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

D  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

E  gamma immunoglobulin only.

A  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

B  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

C  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

D  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

E  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

B  Immediate hypersensitivity

C  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

D  Delayed hypersensitivity

A  T cells.

B  cytokines.

C  monocytes.

D  macrophages.

E  memory cells.

A  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

B  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

C  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

D  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

E  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

A  Type 1 interferons

B  Antibodies

C  Type 2 interferons

D  Colony-stimulating factors

E  Interleukin 2

A  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

B  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

C  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

D  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

E  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Metabolic acidosis

B  Increased blood P CO2

C  Respiratory alkalosis

D  Respiratory acidosis

E  Metabolic alkalosis

A  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

B  Iron-deficiency anemia

C  Higher than normal arterial pH

D  Breathing carbon monoxide

E  Breathing air with increased PCO2

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Bound to hemoglobin

B  As dissolved CO 2

C  As carbonic anhydrase

D  AsH 2CO 3

E  As dissolved HCO 3 –

A  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

B  motor; contraction; increase

C  sympathetic; contraction; increase

D  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

E  motor; contraction; decrease

A  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

B  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

C  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

B  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

C  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

D  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

E  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

A  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

B  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

C  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

D  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

A  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

B  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

C  Cholinergic antagonist

D  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

E  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  the heart.

B  the skin.

C  the brain.

D  the skeletal muscles

E  the abdominal organs.

A  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

B  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

C  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

D  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

E  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

A  Heart rate

B  Total peripheral resistance

C  Cardiac output

D  Mean arterial pressure

E  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Dietary iron deficiency

B  Kidney disease

C  Internal bleeding

D  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

E  Lung disease

A  coronary vessels.

B  valves.

C  gap junctions.

D  desmosomes.

E  interneurons.