Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Increasing the availability of phosphodiesterase molecules

B  Decreasing the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase

C  Acting as an agonist on the receptor for epinephrine, a hormone that increases heart contractility

D  Increasing the expression of cAMP

E  Inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity

A  Increased affinity of insulin for its receptor

B  Saturation of the insulin receptor

C  Decreased expression of the second messenger in the insulin pathway

D  Downregulation of insulin receptors

E  Upregulation of insulin receptors

A  Enzymes

B  G-protein coupled receptor

C  Tyrosine residues

D  cAMP

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  increases enkephalin’s affinity for its receptor.

B  is an agonist to the enkephalin receptor.

C  decreases enkephalin in the brain

D  increases enkephalin in the brain.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Cyclic AMP directly activates enzymes that catabolize glycogen and fat.

B  Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activates two kinds of enzymes.

C  Epinephrine is binding to two types of receptors in the plasma membrane.

D  The activated receptor complex stimulates production of two different second messengers.

A  results in the production of more of the first messenger.

B  allows a cell to respond to more different hormones.

C  takes small molecules and makes polymers out of them.

D  allows small amounts of hormones to produce large responses in target cells.

A  Phospholipase C

B  Diacylglycerol

C  Epinephrine

D  ATP

E  Adenylyl cyclase

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The plasma membrane of epithelial cells that face the inside of a hollow or fluid-filled chamber in the body is called the basolateral membrane.

B  The pathway taken by substances that flow between epithelial cells is called the paracellular pathway.

C  When substances cross epithelial barriers by going through the cell membranes and cytosol, it is called the transcellular pathway.

D  Epithelial cell membranes express different transport proteins on different cell surfaces.

E  Epithelial cells lining the small intestine have Na +-K +-ATPase pumps only in their basolateral membranes.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  false, because polar molecules diffuse through less rapidly because the bilayer is nonpolar throughout its width.

B  false, because the rate of diffusion of nonpolar and polar molecules through the bilayer is essentially the same as long as the molecules are the same size.

C  false, because nonpolar molecules diffuse through more rapidly because much of the bilayer is nonpolar.

D  true.

E  false, because polar molecules diffuse through less rapidly because the bilayer is polar throughout its width.

A  Facilitated diffusion of molecules would cease.

B  Secondary active transport of molecules would cease

C  Ion concentration gradients would reach equilibrium across the cell membrane.

D  All transport processes would cease immediately when the ATP was depleted.

E  Primary active transport of molecules would cease.

A  apoptosis.

B  osmosis.

C  diffusion.

D  facilitated diffusion.

E  endocytosis.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  At equilibrium, the netflux of X across the cell membrane is zero.

B  Solute X will be unable to reach equilibrium because it is nonpolar.

C  At equilibrium, movement of X across the membrane will be much faster in one direction than in the other.

D  Solute X will reach equilibrium, but the concentration will be much higher on the inside of the cell because of the smaller volume.

E  At equilibrium, X will cease movingacross the cell membrane.

A  Its penetrating solute concentration is less than that of a normalcell.

B  Its penetrating solute concentration is greater than that of a normalcell

C  Its nonpenetrating solute concentration is equal to that of a normalcell.

D  Its nonpenetrating solute concentration is less than that of a normalcell

E  Its nonpenetrating solute concentration is greater than that of a normalcell.

A  The reaction is catabolic and the energy content of the products are equal to that of the reactant.

B  The reaction is anabolic and the energy content of the reactant is greater than that of the products.

C  The reaction is catabolic and the energy content of the products is greater than that of the reactant.

D  The reaction is anabolic and the energy content of the products is greater than that of the reactant.

E  The reaction is catabolic and the energy content of the reactant is greater than that of the products.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The net rate will be unaffected by an increase in carbonic acid concentration.

B  The forward direction (toward more carbonic acid accumulation)

C  The reverse direction (toward more water and carbon dioxide accumulation)

A  The temperature of the room needs to increase to increase the rate of reaction.

B  Over time, the substrate molecules are denaturing.

C  The enzyme has become saturated.

D  The substrate solution has become contaminated with an allosteric inhibitor.

E  The enzyme molecules are being used up and broken down by the reaction.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  lysosomes

B  ribosomes

C  mitochondria

D  peroxisomes

E  endosomes

A  Glycolysis

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Krebs cycle

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Generation of ATP

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

D  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Free radicals

B  Gasses

C  Vitamins

D  Electrolytes

E  Isotopes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Carbon and hydrogen, connected by hydrogen bonds

B  Oxygen and hydrogen, connected by hydrogen bonds

C  Carbon and oxygen, connected by polar covalent bonds.

D  Carbon and hydrogen, connected by non-polar covalent bonds

E  Carbon and hydrogen, connected by ionic bonds

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Vitamins

B  Ionic forms of mineral elements

C  Sugars that were broken down for energy

D  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

E  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different numbers of electrons.

D  They have different number of energy shells

E  They have different numbers of protons.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  They are long polymers of amino acids, folded into an alpha helix.

B  They are polymers of subunits containing a phosphate group, a sugar, and an amino acid.

C  They are polymers of subunits containing glucose andamino acids.

D  They are polymers of subunits containing a phosphate group, a sugar, and a purine or pyrimidine base.

E  They are polymers of subunits containing glucose, a phosphate group, and an amino acid.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Leave the amount of sodium unchanged

B  Inhibit the ingestion of more sodium

C  Change the set point for sodium

D  Increase the amount of sodium in the blood

E  Decrease the amount of sodium in the blood

A  Endocrine gland in the gonads

B  The adrenal glands

C  Ventricles of the heart

D  Photoreceptors of the eye

E  Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, effector

B  Effector, efferent pathway, integrating center, afferent pathway, receptor

C  Effector, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, receptor

D  Receptor, efferent pathway, integrating center, afferent pathway, effector

E  Integrating center, receptor, afferent pathway, efferent pathway, effector

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  how two organisms interact.

B  how organisms function.

C  the spread of diseases.

D  two of the choices are correct.

E  the structure of the body.