Chapters 11,12,13,14 Exam

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Question #1

Identity-__________ individuals lack clear direction. They are not committed to values or goals, nor are they actively trying to reach them.

A delayed

B diffused

C achieved

D foreclosed

Question #2

The imaginary audience is adolescents’ belief that they are

A idealistic and overly critical.

B special and unique.

C the focus of everyone else’s attention and concern

D boring and ordinary.

Question #3

According to Piaget, around age 11 young people enter the __________ stage.

A preoperational

B formal operational

C sensorimotor

D concrete operational

Question #4

Which of the following statements about adolescent mothers is true?

A Many teen mothers perceive their babies as less difficult.

B Teenage mothers spend more of their parenting years as single parents.

C Very few teen mothers experience pregnancy and birth complications.

D Today, about 95 percent of U.S. adolescent mothers graduate from high school.

Question #5

The majority of gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals accept their sexual identity by the __________ of __________.

A end; adolescence

B beginning; middle childhood

C end; middle childhood

D beginning; adolescence

Question #6

Parents who __________ are more likely to gain in marital interaction, feel competent as parents, use effective child-rearing practices, and have children who are developing well.

A engage in effective coparenting

B have traditional gender roles around the home

C delay childbirth until their thirties

D attend couples’ therapy

Question #7

__________ eases the transition to parenthood.

A Postponing childbearing until the late twenties or thirties

B Relying on extended family for financial support

C Reverting to traditional gender roles of husband and wife

D Having the first child within the first year or two of marriage

Question #8

Which of the following couples is the most likely to report high marital satisfaction?

A Roger and Daisy, who maintain distance from extended family

B Clark and Marian, who were both 19 when they got married

C David and Veronica, who had a child together before they got married

D Peter and Linda, who share family responsibilities

Question #9

Departure from the parental home in early adulthood

A is one phase of the family life cycle that all adults experience.

B is a major step toward assuming adult responsibilities.

C is usually permanent, with few young adults returning home.

D occurs at an earlier age than in the past.

Question #10

Robert Sternberg’s __________ identifies three components—intimacy, passion, and commitment—that shift in emphasis as romantic relationships develop.

A triangular theory of love

B intimacy versus isolation stage

C adaptation to life theory

D seasons of love theory

Question #11

With regard to romantic love,

A strong support exists for the idea that “opposites attract.”

B partners with similar attributes tend to be less satisfied with their relationship.

C partners who are similar in personality are more likely to stay together.

D men prefer a same-age or slightly older partner.

Question #12

Ingredients of effective rape intervention include

A safety planning, but only if the abuser is still present.

B reinforcing rape myths.

C supporting gender stereotypes with evidence.

D teaching social skills and social awareness.

Question #13

Which of the following statements about the sex lives of American adults is true?

A More men than women report persistent sexual problems.

B People who engage in casual dating have the most physically satisfying sex lives.

C Most married adults say they are only somewhat happy with their sex lives.

D As number of sex partners increases, satisfaction declines sharply.

Question #14

Weight-loss maintainers are more likely than individuals who relapse to

A use social support and to be conscious of their behavior.

B sincerely believe that they eat less than they do.

C restrict their weight-reduction plan to no longer than 25 weeks.

D believe that only temporary lifestyle changes are needed.

Question #15

Obesity

A is strongly associated with serious health problems.

B is not treatable.

C is a personal choice.

D drops in early and middle adulthood.

Question #16

A decreases in semen volume and sperm motility after age 35.

B consistent changes in the uterus after age 35.

C increases in number of ova, but decreases in ova quality.

D decreases in percentage of normal sperm after age 25.

Question #17

Maximum vital lung capacity

A declines by 5 percent per decade throughout the lifespan.

B remains constant until about age 50.

C increases by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

D declines by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

Question #18

Ethan’s blood pressure is higher than normal. This means that Ethan suffers from

A angina.

B hypertension.

C atherosclerosis.

D arrhythmia.

Question #19

Changes of aging in __________ are twice as rapid for men as for women.

A vision

B the muscular system

C the cardiovascular system

D hearing

Question #20

Which of the following statements about changes in vision in adulthood is true?

A Visual acuity increases.

B The muscles controlling the pupil weaken.

C Color discrimination improves.

D The lens narrows and becomes more elastic.

Question #21

Which of the following statements about the prevention and treatment of suicide is true?

A It is nearly impossible to prevent adolescent suicide, as teenagers rarely exhibit warning signs around adults.

B Parents and teachers must be trained to pick up on the signals that a troubled teenager sends.

C Gun-control legislation that restricts the availability of firearms to adolescents has little impact on suicide rates.

D Parents should not be concerned about teenagers’ commenting, “I wish I were dead,” because adolescents are overly dramatic.

Question #22

Which of the following statements about adolescent depression is true?

A Chronic depression affects 15 to 20 percent of U.S. teenagers.

B Depression is the most common psychological problem of adolescence.

C Boys are more likely than girls to report a depressed mood.

D Heredity plays little to no role in adolescent depression.

Question #23

During adolescence,

A formal religious involvement tends to decline.

B most young people reject the idea of a “higher being.”

C formal religious involvement tends to increase.

D church attendance becomes a major source of parent–child conflict.

Question #24

At Kohlberg’s __________ level, behaviors that result in punishment are viewed as bad, whereas those that lead to rewards are seen as good.

A conventional

B preconventional

C universal ethical

D postconventional

Question #25

Society can help minority adolescents resolve identity conflicts by

A discouraging contact with peers of the same ethnicity and encouraging assimilation.

B ensuring that they learn English, rather than retaining their native language.

C encouraging them to reject the dominant culture until they establish ethnic identity.

D encouraging them to explore the meaning of ethnicity in their lives.

Question #26

When Antonio is asked about his plans for the future, he says he might want to be a lawyer like his mother. However, he is continuing to explore and learn about other professions. Antonio is displaying characteristics of identity

A achievement.

B foreclosure.

C moratorium.

D diffusion.

Question #27

Sixteen-year-old Garrett feels that he has a great relationship with his mother, with whom he feels free to have spirited discussions about politics and religion. Garrett is likely to be in a state of identity

A foreclosure.

B diffusion.

C achievement.

D moratorium.

Question #28

Mallory accepts her parents’ political beliefs without question. She is characterized by identity

A moratorium.

B foreclosure.

C achievement.

D diffusion.

Question #29

For most young people, identity development is not traumatic and disturbing, but, rather, a process of

A an identity crisis and a resolution.

B experimentation and error.

C forming an ideal self.

D exploration followed by commitment.

Question #30

According to Erikson, if the psychological conflict of adolescence is resolved negatively, a young person experiences

A inferiority.

B role confusion.

C isolation.

D mistrust.

Question #31

Horatio, age 17, took his parents’ car without asking last Friday. He did not get in an accident, and he did not get caught. Which of the following statements is the most likely to be true?

A Horatio will be more likely in the future to take his parents’ car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

B Horatio will be less likely in the future to take his parents’ car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

C Horatio will rate the benefits of taking his parents’ car without asking lower than peers who have not tried it.

D Horatio will rate the risks of taking his parents’ car without asking higher than peers who have not tried it.

Question #32

When 14-year-old Lorie thinks about the future, she is sure that she will be wealthy and well-known, not ordinary like everyone else in her small town. Lorie’s feeling that she is special and unique is known as

A the personal fable.

B hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

C the imaginary audience.

D metacognition.

Question #33

Which of the following situations is the best example of the imaginary audience?

A When Riley fails to make the volleyball team, she believes that no one has ever felt so disappointed.

B Benny goes to the Friday night football game with a group of friends and cheers as loud as anyone else.

C Harry believes that he will never have a car accident because he is a better driver than most people.

D When her fork falls off her tray in the cafeteria, Hannah is certain that everyone is thinking that she is clumsy.

Question #34

Piaget believed that at adolescence, young people first become capable of

A practical intelligence.

B animistic thinking.

C hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

D transitive inference.

Question #35

Which of the following substances do U.S. adolescents most often experiment with during high school?

A cigarettes

B marijuana

C alcohol

D cocaine

Question #36

Effective sex education programs

A teach techniques for handling sexual situations.

B do not encourage the use of contraceptives.

C last only a few sessions.

D focus on promoting the value of abstinence

Question #37

Children born to teenage mothers

A score higher on intelligence tests than children of adult mothers.

B often become adolescent parents.

C fare better if the teenage parent drops out of high school.

D have a better chance of graduating high school than children of adult mothers.

Question #38

Research suggests that __________ and __________ are important contributors to homosexuality.

A genetic factors; authoritarian child rearing

B genetic factors; prenatal biological influences

C personal choice; prenatal biological influences

D social influences; genetic factors

Question #39

Most gay, lesbian, or bisexual youths experience

A gender confusion and sexual questioning.

B earlier intercourse than their heterosexual agemates.

C same-sex physical attraction, on average, between ages 6 and 8.

D an inner struggle that is intensified by a lack of role models and social support.

Question #40

Which of the following statements about contraceptive use in adolescence is true?

A About 14 percent of sexually active U.S. teenagers do not use contraception consistently.

B Even teenagers who report talking openly with their parents about sex are unlikely to use birth control.

C School sex education classes prevent teenagers from having unprotected sex.

D Adolescent contraceptive use has decreased in recent years.

Question #41

__________ increases the likelihood that teenagers will be sexually active

A Living in a high-crime neighborhood

B Having higher educational aspirations

C Living in an economically privileged home

D Experiencing later puberty

Question #42

Which of the following statements about anorexia nervosa is true?

A Anorexia nervosa is equally common in all SES groups.

B Although being anorexic is unhealthy, it is rarely fatal.

C Boys account for less than 1 percent of anorexia cases.

D About 10 percent of North American and Western European teenagers are affected.

Question #43

Follow-ups reveal that __________ are especially prone to lasting difficulties.

A early-maturing boys

B early-maturing girls

C late-maturing boys

D late-maturing girls

Question #44

Parent–adolescent disagreements focus largely on __________, such as __________.

A school issues; the importance of education

B important family values; a belief in a higher power

C moral issues; lying, stealing, and cheating

D everyday matters; driving, dating partners, and curfews

Question #45

Sleep-deprived adolescents

A are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors.

B perform better on cognitive tasks in the morning hours.

C display increases in executive function.

D are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression

Question #46

During puberty, as neurons become more responsive to excitatory neurotransmitters, adolescents

A have difficulty storing and retrieving long-term memories.

B react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.

C cope better with stressful events and rarely experience negative emotion.

D become capable of reading and interpreting emotional cues.

Question #47

In the United States and a few European countries, __________ are responsible for a modest, continuing trend toward earlier menarche.

A soaring rates of overweight and obesity

B increased rates of infectious disease

C lack of standardized health care and high poverty rates

D eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia,

Question #48

Which of the following girls is the most likely to experience puberty at the earliest age?

A Ashley, who is impoverished

B Chandra, who lives in a conflict-ridden family

C Mary, who eats very little

D Abbie, who is in a rigorous gymnastics training program

Question #49

Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic?

A testes

B scrotum

C ovaries

D pubic hair

Question #50

Rachel wonders what signs will indicate the onset of puberty in her daughter. You can tell her that her daughter’s puberty will probably begin with

A menarche.

B the budding of the breasts and the growth spurt.

C the growth of underarm hair.

D extreme and unpredictable moodiness.

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Chapters 11,12,13,14 Exam

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