Chapters 1,2,3,4,5, 6 Exam

A  smitosis

B  DNA

C  zygote

D  phenotype

A  single parenting

B  highly inadequate caregiving

C  low parental IQ

D  the absence of siblings

A  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate.

B  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate.

C  developed an attachment to both surrogates.

D  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate.

A  a parent’s temperament; financial resources

B  attachment quality; temperament

C  attachment quality; child-care experiences

D  child-rearing conditions; a child’s temperament

A  is generally cheerful and is slow to accept new experiences.

B  is inactive and shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli.

C  is irregular in daily routines and tends to react negatively and intensely.

D  quickly establishes regular routines in infancy and adapts easily to new experiences.

A  early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation.

B  quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

C  the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

D  emotions that involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self.

A  involves actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person.

B  is a built-in, automatic process that governs emotional response.

C  involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

D  does not emerge until the preschool years.

A  embarrassment, pride, and interest

B  shame, doubt, and surprise

C  guilt, shame, and pride

D  envy, happiness, and disgust

A  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit.

B  They should eat a lot of fruit and smile and say, “Yummy!” when Beckham eats fruit.

C  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit.

D  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit.

A  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy.

B  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult.

C  looks at his mother’s facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy.

D  prefers one parent over the other.

A  shows delays in motor and mental development.

B  tries to comfort his mother when she is sad.

C  sleeps longer than most infants.

D  produces low levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

A  The earlier intervention begins, the longer it lasts, and the greater its scope and intensity, the better participants’ performance is throughout childhood and adolescence.

B  The U.S. Congress recently recognized the successes of early intervention and now fully funds all programs directed at low-income infants and toddlers.

C  Even with early intervention, most children born into economically disadvantaged families will not reach their full potential.

D  Early intervention programs increase intelligence test scores during the school years, but the gains are not sustained beyond middle childhood.

A  take part in coloring with crayons with their children

B  provide an unstructured and chaotic physical setting

C  engage their children in physical activity

D  talk to their infants and toddlers

A  long-term memory does not emerge until around age 7.

B  early memories are stored in an explicit memory system that is difficult to recall.

C  they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

D  they have most likely forgotten these early memories due to the passage of time.

A  Recognition; recall

B  Recall; recognition

C  The sensory register; working memory

D  Habituation; recovery

A  Permanent functions

B  Executive functions

C  Sensory processes

D  Automatic processes

A  object permanence.

B  reflexive schemes.

C  mental representation.

D  the primary circular reaction.

A  organize; adapt

B  assimilate; accommodate

C  organize; assimilate

D  accommodate; organize

A  scribbling

B  tying their shoes

C  grasping

D  crawling

A  iron-deficiency anemia.

B  nonorganic failure to thrive.

C  marasmus.

D  kwashiorkor.

A  is common in regions of the world where children get just enough calories from starchy foods.

B  is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients.

C  is caused by an unbalanced diet very low in protein.

D  usually strikes after weaning.

A  Cut back on Angus’s protein throughout infancy and toddlerhood.

B  Avoid giving Angus foods loaded with salt and sugar.

C  Give Angus formula the first six months.

D  Give Angus foods containing saturated fats.

A  less irritable during the first three months.

B  born later.

C  heavier and longer at birth.

D  more irritable during the first three years.

A  effects are caused by interfering with production of neurons in the neural tube and also cause many facial deformities.

B  the impairments caused by heavy, regular alcohol use during pregnancy are reversible.

C  FAS babies catch up to agemates in physical size when provided with an enriched diet.

D  all fetuses are equally vulnerable to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.

A  below average intelligence

B  both a and c

C  deformities of the arms and legs

D  higher mental test scores

A  Prescription drug use

B  Marijuana

C  Heroin

D  Cocaine

A  Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

B  Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

C  The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

D  Smaller doses over shorter time periods have more negative effects.

A  is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early.

B  occurs sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy.

C  occurs sometime between 18 and 21 weeks.

D  is the point at which the baby can be born without being premature.

A  muscles and skeleton.

B  nervous system and skin.

C  brain and central nervous system.

D  digestive system, lungs, and urinary tract.

A  grows slowly at first.

B  swells to form the brain.

C  will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

D  develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

A  lasts about two weeks.

B  lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy.

C  is the longest prenatal period.

D  is the prenatal period during which the groundwork is laid for all body structures and organs.

A  uterus.

B  fallopian tubes.

C  ovaries.

D  cervix.

A  Turner

B  XYY

C  Down

D  Klinefelter

A  have to be placed on a diet low in amino acid (protein)

B  require frequent blood transfusions

C  need regular injections of insulin

D  require hormone therapy

A  a carrier.

B  recessive.

C  dominant.

D  dominant–recessive.

A  allele

B  zygote

C  autosome

D  gamete

A  doubles the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

B  halves the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

C  results in dizygotic twins.

D  permits the chromosomes to copy themselves.

A  alleles

B  gametes

C  phenotypes

D  autosomes

A  chromosomes

B  cells

C  genotypes

D  phenotypes

A  chromosome

B  phenotype

C  karyotype

D  genotype

A  alleles.

B  chromosomes.

C  phenotypes.

D  genotypes.

A  concrete operational

B  preoperational

C  formal operational

D  sensorimotor

A  formal operational

B  preoperational

C  concrete operational

D  sensorimotor

A  reinforcing good behavior and punishing bad behavior.

B  pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.

C  imprinting on a mother-fugure during the critical period.

D  cooperative diaglogues with adults and more expert peers.

A  modeling.

B  classical conditioning.

C  punishment.

D  reinforcement.

A  primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences.

B  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development.

C  pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation.

D  minimized the role of culture in individual development.

A  confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.

B  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers.

C  actively explore the environment.

D  acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills.