Chapters 1,2,3,4,5, 6 Exam

A  DNA

B  smitosis

C  zygote

D  phenotype

A  single parenting

B  the absence of siblings

C  low parental IQ

D  highly inadequate caregiving

A  developed an attachment to both surrogates.

B  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate.

C  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate.

D  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate.

A  attachment quality; child-care experiences

B  a parent’s temperament; financial resources

C  attachment quality; temperament

D  child-rearing conditions; a child’s temperament

A  quickly establishes regular routines in infancy and adapts easily to new experiences.

B  is generally cheerful and is slow to accept new experiences.

C  is irregular in daily routines and tends to react negatively and intensely.

D  is inactive and shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli.

A  the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

B  early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation.

C  emotions that involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self.

D  quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

A  does not emerge until the preschool years.

B  involves actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person.

C  is a built-in, automatic process that governs emotional response.

D  involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

A  embarrassment, pride, and interest

B  envy, happiness, and disgust

C  guilt, shame, and pride

D  shame, doubt, and surprise

A  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit.

B  They should eat a lot of fruit and smile and say, “Yummy!” when Beckham eats fruit.

C  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit.

D  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit.

A  looks at his mother’s facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy.

B  prefers one parent over the other.

C  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult.

D  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy.

A  sleeps longer than most infants.

B  tries to comfort his mother when she is sad.

C  shows delays in motor and mental development.

D  produces low levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

A  The earlier intervention begins, the longer it lasts, and the greater its scope and intensity, the better participants’ performance is throughout childhood and adolescence.

B  Early intervention programs increase intelligence test scores during the school years, but the gains are not sustained beyond middle childhood.

C  The U.S. Congress recently recognized the successes of early intervention and now fully funds all programs directed at low-income infants and toddlers.

D  Even with early intervention, most children born into economically disadvantaged families will not reach their full potential.

A  engage their children in physical activity

B  take part in coloring with crayons with their children

C  talk to their infants and toddlers

D  provide an unstructured and chaotic physical setting

A  they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

B  they have most likely forgotten these early memories due to the passage of time.

C  long-term memory does not emerge until around age 7.

D  early memories are stored in an explicit memory system that is difficult to recall.

A  The sensory register; working memory

B  Habituation; recovery

C  Recall; recognition

D  Recognition; recall

A  Automatic processes

B  Permanent functions

C  Executive functions

D  Sensory processes

A  object permanence.

B  the primary circular reaction.

C  mental representation.

D  reflexive schemes.

A  organize; adapt

B  organize; assimilate

C  accommodate; organize

D  assimilate; accommodate

A  scribbling

B  tying their shoes

C  crawling

D  grasping

A  nonorganic failure to thrive.

B  marasmus.

C  iron-deficiency anemia.

D  kwashiorkor.

A  is caused by an unbalanced diet very low in protein.

B  is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients.

C  is common in regions of the world where children get just enough calories from starchy foods.

D  usually strikes after weaning.

A  Give Angus foods containing saturated fats.

B  Avoid giving Angus foods loaded with salt and sugar.

C  Cut back on Angus’s protein throughout infancy and toddlerhood.

D  Give Angus formula the first six months.

A  heavier and longer at birth.

B  less irritable during the first three months.

C  more irritable during the first three years.

D  born later.

A  effects are caused by interfering with production of neurons in the neural tube and also cause many facial deformities.

B  the impairments caused by heavy, regular alcohol use during pregnancy are reversible.

C  FAS babies catch up to agemates in physical size when provided with an enriched diet.

D  all fetuses are equally vulnerable to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.

A  both a and c

B  deformities of the arms and legs

C  higher mental test scores

D  below average intelligence

A  Heroin

B  Marijuana

C  Prescription drug use

D  Cocaine

A  Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

B  The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

C  Smaller doses over shorter time periods have more negative effects.

D  Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

A  occurs sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy.

B  is the point at which the baby can be born without being premature.

C  is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early.

D  occurs sometime between 18 and 21 weeks.

A  muscles and skeleton.

B  brain and central nervous system.

C  digestive system, lungs, and urinary tract.

D  nervous system and skin.

A  grows slowly at first.

B  will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

C  swells to form the brain.

D  develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

A  lasts about two weeks.

B  lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy.

C  is the prenatal period during which the groundwork is laid for all body structures and organs.

D  is the longest prenatal period.

A  ovaries.

B  fallopian tubes.

C  uterus.

D  cervix.

A  Klinefelter

B  Down

C  XYY

D  Turner

A  need regular injections of insulin

B  have to be placed on a diet low in amino acid (protein)

C  require frequent blood transfusions

D  require hormone therapy

A  a carrier.

B  dominant.

C  dominant–recessive.

D  recessive.

A  gamete

B  autosome

C  allele

D  zygote

A  permits the chromosomes to copy themselves.

B  results in dizygotic twins.

C  doubles the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

D  halves the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

A  alleles

B  phenotypes

C  gametes

D  autosomes

A  genotypes

B  cells

C  chromosomes

D  phenotypes

A  chromosome

B  genotype

C  karyotype

D  phenotype

A  chromosomes.

B  alleles.

C  genotypes.

D  phenotypes.

A  formal operational

B  sensorimotor

C  preoperational

D  concrete operational

A  concrete operational

B  formal operational

C  preoperational

D  sensorimotor

A  cooperative diaglogues with adults and more expert peers.

B  imprinting on a mother-fugure during the critical period.

C  reinforcing good behavior and punishing bad behavior.

D  pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.

A  modeling.

B  punishment.

C  classical conditioning.

D  reinforcement.

A  primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences.

B  minimized the role of culture in individual development.

C  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development.

D  pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation.

A  acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills.

B  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers.

C  confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.

D  actively explore the environment.