Chapters 1,2,3,4,5, 6 Exam

A  DNA

B  phenotype

C  zygote

D  smitosis

A  the absence of siblings

B  low parental IQ

C  highly inadequate caregiving

D  single parenting

A  developed an attachment to both surrogates.

B  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate.

C  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate.

D  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate.

A  child-rearing conditions; a child’s temperament

B  attachment quality; temperament

C  a parent’s temperament; financial resources

D  attachment quality; child-care experiences

A  quickly establishes regular routines in infancy and adapts easily to new experiences.

B  is generally cheerful and is slow to accept new experiences.

C  is irregular in daily routines and tends to react negatively and intensely.

D  is inactive and shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli.

A  early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation.

B  quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

C  emotions that involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self.

D  the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

A  involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

B  does not emerge until the preschool years.

C  is a built-in, automatic process that governs emotional response.

D  involves actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person.

A  embarrassment, pride, and interest

B  shame, doubt, and surprise

C  guilt, shame, and pride

D  envy, happiness, and disgust

A  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit.

B  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit.

C  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit.

D  They should eat a lot of fruit and smile and say, “Yummy!” when Beckham eats fruit.

A  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy.

B  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult.

C  looks at his mother’s facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy.

D  prefers one parent over the other.

A  produces low levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

B  sleeps longer than most infants.

C  shows delays in motor and mental development.

D  tries to comfort his mother when she is sad.

A  Even with early intervention, most children born into economically disadvantaged families will not reach their full potential.

B  Early intervention programs increase intelligence test scores during the school years, but the gains are not sustained beyond middle childhood.

C  The U.S. Congress recently recognized the successes of early intervention and now fully funds all programs directed at low-income infants and toddlers.

D  The earlier intervention begins, the longer it lasts, and the greater its scope and intensity, the better participants’ performance is throughout childhood and adolescence.

A  talk to their infants and toddlers

B  engage their children in physical activity

C  take part in coloring with crayons with their children

D  provide an unstructured and chaotic physical setting

A  long-term memory does not emerge until around age 7.

B  they have most likely forgotten these early memories due to the passage of time.

C  early memories are stored in an explicit memory system that is difficult to recall.

D  they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

A  Recognition; recall

B  Habituation; recovery

C  The sensory register; working memory

D  Recall; recognition

A  Permanent functions

B  Executive functions

C  Automatic processes

D  Sensory processes

A  reflexive schemes.

B  the primary circular reaction.

C  object permanence.

D  mental representation.

A  assimilate; accommodate

B  organize; adapt

C  organize; assimilate

D  accommodate; organize

A  grasping

B  crawling

C  tying their shoes

D  scribbling

A  iron-deficiency anemia.

B  marasmus.

C  nonorganic failure to thrive.

D  kwashiorkor.

A  usually strikes after weaning.

B  is caused by an unbalanced diet very low in protein.

C  is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients.

D  is common in regions of the world where children get just enough calories from starchy foods.

A  Give Angus foods containing saturated fats.

B  Avoid giving Angus foods loaded with salt and sugar.

C  Give Angus formula the first six months.

D  Cut back on Angus’s protein throughout infancy and toddlerhood.

A  less irritable during the first three months.

B  born later.

C  heavier and longer at birth.

D  more irritable during the first three years.

A  effects are caused by interfering with production of neurons in the neural tube and also cause many facial deformities.

B  FAS babies catch up to agemates in physical size when provided with an enriched diet.

C  the impairments caused by heavy, regular alcohol use during pregnancy are reversible.

D  all fetuses are equally vulnerable to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.

A  higher mental test scores

B  below average intelligence

C  both a and c

D  deformities of the arms and legs

A  Cocaine

B  Prescription drug use

C  Heroin

D  Marijuana

A  Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

B  Smaller doses over shorter time periods have more negative effects.

C  The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

D  Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

A  occurs sometime between 18 and 21 weeks.

B  is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early.

C  occurs sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy.

D  is the point at which the baby can be born without being premature.

A  digestive system, lungs, and urinary tract.

B  brain and central nervous system.

C  muscles and skeleton.

D  nervous system and skin.

A  develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

B  swells to form the brain.

C  grows slowly at first.

D  will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

A  is the longest prenatal period.

B  lasts about two weeks.

C  lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy.

D  is the prenatal period during which the groundwork is laid for all body structures and organs.

A  fallopian tubes.

B  uterus.

C  cervix.

D  ovaries.

A  Down

B  XYY

C  Turner

D  Klinefelter

A  need regular injections of insulin

B  require hormone therapy

C  have to be placed on a diet low in amino acid (protein)

D  require frequent blood transfusions

A  a carrier.

B  dominant.

C  dominant–recessive.

D  recessive.

A  allele

B  gamete

C  zygote

D  autosome

A  halves the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

B  results in dizygotic twins.

C  doubles the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

D  permits the chromosomes to copy themselves.

A  alleles

B  phenotypes

C  autosomes

D  gametes

A  cells

B  genotypes

C  phenotypes

D  chromosomes

A  karyotype

B  phenotype

C  chromosome

D  genotype

A  genotypes.

B  alleles.

C  phenotypes.

D  chromosomes.

A  concrete operational

B  formal operational

C  sensorimotor

D  preoperational

A  formal operational

B  concrete operational

C  sensorimotor

D  preoperational

A  pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.

B  reinforcing good behavior and punishing bad behavior.

C  cooperative diaglogues with adults and more expert peers.

D  imprinting on a mother-fugure during the critical period.

A  modeling.

B  punishment.

C  classical conditioning.

D  reinforcement.

A  primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences.

B  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development.

C  pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation.

D  minimized the role of culture in individual development.

A  actively explore the environment.

B  confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.

C  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers.

D  acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills.