Chapters 1,2,3,4,5, 6 Exam

A  DNA

B  zygote

C  smitosis

D  phenotype

A  the absence of siblings

B  highly inadequate caregiving

C  single parenting

D  low parental IQ

A  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate.

B  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate.

C  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate.

D  developed an attachment to both surrogates.

A  attachment quality; temperament

B  a parent’s temperament; financial resources

C  attachment quality; child-care experiences

D  child-rearing conditions; a child’s temperament

A  quickly establishes regular routines in infancy and adapts easily to new experiences.

B  is irregular in daily routines and tends to react negatively and intensely.

C  is generally cheerful and is slow to accept new experiences.

D  is inactive and shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli.

A  early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation.

B  quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

C  emotions that involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self.

D  the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

A  is a built-in, automatic process that governs emotional response.

B  does not emerge until the preschool years.

C  involves actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person.

D  involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

A  shame, doubt, and surprise

B  envy, happiness, and disgust

C  embarrassment, pride, and interest

D  guilt, shame, and pride

A  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit.

B  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit.

C  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit.

D  They should eat a lot of fruit and smile and say, “Yummy!” when Beckham eats fruit.

A  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult.

B  prefers one parent over the other.

C  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy.

D  looks at his mother’s facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy.

A  tries to comfort his mother when she is sad.

B  produces low levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

C  sleeps longer than most infants.

D  shows delays in motor and mental development.

A  The U.S. Congress recently recognized the successes of early intervention and now fully funds all programs directed at low-income infants and toddlers.

B  Even with early intervention, most children born into economically disadvantaged families will not reach their full potential.

C  The earlier intervention begins, the longer it lasts, and the greater its scope and intensity, the better participants’ performance is throughout childhood and adolescence.

D  Early intervention programs increase intelligence test scores during the school years, but the gains are not sustained beyond middle childhood.

A  take part in coloring with crayons with their children

B  engage their children in physical activity

C  provide an unstructured and chaotic physical setting

D  talk to their infants and toddlers

A  long-term memory does not emerge until around age 7.

B  early memories are stored in an explicit memory system that is difficult to recall.

C  they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

D  they have most likely forgotten these early memories due to the passage of time.

A  The sensory register; working memory

B  Recall; recognition

C  Habituation; recovery

D  Recognition; recall

A  Executive functions

B  Sensory processes

C  Permanent functions

D  Automatic processes

A  object permanence.

B  mental representation.

C  the primary circular reaction.

D  reflexive schemes.

A  accommodate; organize

B  organize; adapt

C  organize; assimilate

D  assimilate; accommodate

A  crawling

B  tying their shoes

C  scribbling

D  grasping

A  iron-deficiency anemia.

B  kwashiorkor.

C  marasmus.

D  nonorganic failure to thrive.

A  is common in regions of the world where children get just enough calories from starchy foods.

B  usually strikes after weaning.

C  is caused by an unbalanced diet very low in protein.

D  is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients.

A  Avoid giving Angus foods loaded with salt and sugar.

B  Give Angus foods containing saturated fats.

C  Give Angus formula the first six months.

D  Cut back on Angus’s protein throughout infancy and toddlerhood.

A  born later.

B  less irritable during the first three months.

C  heavier and longer at birth.

D  more irritable during the first three years.

A  the impairments caused by heavy, regular alcohol use during pregnancy are reversible.

B  FAS babies catch up to agemates in physical size when provided with an enriched diet.

C  effects are caused by interfering with production of neurons in the neural tube and also cause many facial deformities.

D  all fetuses are equally vulnerable to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.

A  below average intelligence

B  deformities of the arms and legs

C  higher mental test scores

D  both a and c

A  Cocaine

B  Prescription drug use

C  Marijuana

D  Heroin

A  Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

B  The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

C  Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

D  Smaller doses over shorter time periods have more negative effects.

A  occurs sometime between 18 and 21 weeks.

B  occurs sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy.

C  is the point at which the baby can be born without being premature.

D  is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early.

A  digestive system, lungs, and urinary tract.

B  muscles and skeleton.

C  nervous system and skin.

D  brain and central nervous system.

A  develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

B  swells to form the brain.

C  will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

D  grows slowly at first.

A  is the longest prenatal period.

B  lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy.

C  is the prenatal period during which the groundwork is laid for all body structures and organs.

D  lasts about two weeks.

A  uterus.

B  cervix.

C  fallopian tubes.

D  ovaries.

A  Turner

B  XYY

C  Down

D  Klinefelter

A  have to be placed on a diet low in amino acid (protein)

B  require frequent blood transfusions

C  need regular injections of insulin

D  require hormone therapy

A  a carrier.

B  recessive.

C  dominant–recessive.

D  dominant.

A  zygote

B  allele

C  autosome

D  gamete

A  halves the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

B  doubles the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

C  results in dizygotic twins.

D  permits the chromosomes to copy themselves.

A  autosomes

B  gametes

C  alleles

D  phenotypes

A  genotypes

B  phenotypes

C  chromosomes

D  cells

A  phenotype

B  genotype

C  chromosome

D  karyotype

A  genotypes.

B  alleles.

C  phenotypes.

D  chromosomes.

A  preoperational

B  sensorimotor

C  formal operational

D  concrete operational

A  preoperational

B  formal operational

C  sensorimotor

D  concrete operational

A  pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.

B  reinforcing good behavior and punishing bad behavior.

C  imprinting on a mother-fugure during the critical period.

D  cooperative diaglogues with adults and more expert peers.

A  classical conditioning.

B  modeling.

C  punishment.

D  reinforcement.

A  primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences.

B  pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation.

C  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development.

D  minimized the role of culture in individual development.

A  confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.

B  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers.

C  actively explore the environment.

D  acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills.