Chapters 1,2,3,4,5, 6 Exam

A  DNA

B  smitosis

C  phenotype

D  zygote

A  highly inadequate caregiving

B  the absence of siblings

C  low parental IQ

D  single parenting

A  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate.

B  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate.

C  developed an attachment to both surrogates.

D  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate.

A  child-rearing conditions; a child’s temperament

B  attachment quality; child-care experiences

C  attachment quality; temperament

D  a parent’s temperament; financial resources

A  is irregular in daily routines and tends to react negatively and intensely.

B  quickly establishes regular routines in infancy and adapts easily to new experiences.

C  is inactive and shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli.

D  is generally cheerful and is slow to accept new experiences.

A  emotions that involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self.

B  the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

C  quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

D  early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation.

A  is a built-in, automatic process that governs emotional response.

B  does not emerge until the preschool years.

C  involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

D  involves actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person.

A  guilt, shame, and pride

B  shame, doubt, and surprise

C  envy, happiness, and disgust

D  embarrassment, pride, and interest

A  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit.

B  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit.

C  They should eat a lot of fruit and smile and say, “Yummy!” when Beckham eats fruit.

D  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit.

A  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy.

B  looks at his mother’s facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy.

C  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult.

D  prefers one parent over the other.

A  produces low levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

B  shows delays in motor and mental development.

C  sleeps longer than most infants.

D  tries to comfort his mother when she is sad.

A  The U.S. Congress recently recognized the successes of early intervention and now fully funds all programs directed at low-income infants and toddlers.

B  Early intervention programs increase intelligence test scores during the school years, but the gains are not sustained beyond middle childhood.

C  The earlier intervention begins, the longer it lasts, and the greater its scope and intensity, the better participants’ performance is throughout childhood and adolescence.

D  Even with early intervention, most children born into economically disadvantaged families will not reach their full potential.

A  take part in coloring with crayons with their children

B  provide an unstructured and chaotic physical setting

C  engage their children in physical activity

D  talk to their infants and toddlers

A  they have most likely forgotten these early memories due to the passage of time.

B  they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

C  long-term memory does not emerge until around age 7.

D  early memories are stored in an explicit memory system that is difficult to recall.

A  The sensory register; working memory

B  Recall; recognition

C  Habituation; recovery

D  Recognition; recall

A  Permanent functions

B  Executive functions

C  Automatic processes

D  Sensory processes

A  mental representation.

B  reflexive schemes.

C  the primary circular reaction.

D  object permanence.

A  organize; adapt

B  accommodate; organize

C  organize; assimilate

D  assimilate; accommodate

A  tying their shoes

B  scribbling

C  crawling

D  grasping

A  nonorganic failure to thrive.

B  kwashiorkor.

C  marasmus.

D  iron-deficiency anemia.

A  is caused by an unbalanced diet very low in protein.

B  usually strikes after weaning.

C  is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients.

D  is common in regions of the world where children get just enough calories from starchy foods.

A  Give Angus foods containing saturated fats.

B  Cut back on Angus’s protein throughout infancy and toddlerhood.

C  Give Angus formula the first six months.

D  Avoid giving Angus foods loaded with salt and sugar.

A  heavier and longer at birth.

B  born later.

C  less irritable during the first three months.

D  more irritable during the first three years.

A  all fetuses are equally vulnerable to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.

B  the impairments caused by heavy, regular alcohol use during pregnancy are reversible.

C  effects are caused by interfering with production of neurons in the neural tube and also cause many facial deformities.

D  FAS babies catch up to agemates in physical size when provided with an enriched diet.

A  below average intelligence

B  both a and c

C  deformities of the arms and legs

D  higher mental test scores

A  Prescription drug use

B  Cocaine

C  Heroin

D  Marijuana

A  The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

B  Smaller doses over shorter time periods have more negative effects.

C  Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

D  Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

A  is the point at which the baby can be born without being premature.

B  is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early.

C  occurs sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy.

D  occurs sometime between 18 and 21 weeks.

A  muscles and skeleton.

B  digestive system, lungs, and urinary tract.

C  nervous system and skin.

D  brain and central nervous system.

A  develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

B  grows slowly at first.

C  will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

D  swells to form the brain.

A  lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy.

B  lasts about two weeks.

C  is the prenatal period during which the groundwork is laid for all body structures and organs.

D  is the longest prenatal period.

A  uterus.

B  ovaries.

C  fallopian tubes.

D  cervix.

A  XYY

B  Klinefelter

C  Down

D  Turner

A  require hormone therapy

B  have to be placed on a diet low in amino acid (protein)

C  need regular injections of insulin

D  require frequent blood transfusions

A  recessive.

B  a carrier.

C  dominant–recessive.

D  dominant.

A  zygote

B  gamete

C  autosome

D  allele

A  halves the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

B  results in dizygotic twins.

C  permits the chromosomes to copy themselves.

D  doubles the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

A  alleles

B  gametes

C  autosomes

D  phenotypes

A  genotypes

B  cells

C  phenotypes

D  chromosomes

A  chromosome

B  genotype

C  karyotype

D  phenotype

A  alleles.

B  phenotypes.

C  chromosomes.

D  genotypes.

A  concrete operational

B  sensorimotor

C  formal operational

D  preoperational

A  concrete operational

B  sensorimotor

C  formal operational

D  preoperational

A  imprinting on a mother-fugure during the critical period.

B  cooperative diaglogues with adults and more expert peers.

C  reinforcing good behavior and punishing bad behavior.

D  pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.

A  classical conditioning.

B  modeling.

C  punishment.

D  reinforcement.

A  primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences.

B  minimized the role of culture in individual development.

C  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development.

D  pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation.

A  confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.

B  acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills.

C  actively explore the environment.

D  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers.