Chapters 1,2,3,4,5, 6 Exam

A  smitosis

B  phenotype

C  zygote

D  DNA

A  low parental IQ

B  highly inadequate caregiving

C  single parenting

D  the absence of siblings

A  developed an attachment to both surrogates.

B  did not develop an attachment to either surrogate.

C  clung to the soft terry-cloth surrogate.

D  usually developed an attachment to the wire-mesh surrogate.

A  child-rearing conditions; a child’s temperament

B  a parent’s temperament; financial resources

C  attachment quality; temperament

D  attachment quality; child-care experiences

A  quickly establishes regular routines in infancy and adapts easily to new experiences.

B  is generally cheerful and is slow to accept new experiences.

C  is inactive and shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli.

D  is irregular in daily routines and tends to react negatively and intensely.

A  the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

B  early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation.

C  quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

D  emotions that involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self.

A  involves actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person.

B  is a built-in, automatic process that governs emotional response.

C  involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity.

D  does not emerge until the preschool years.

A  guilt, shame, and pride

B  embarrassment, pride, and interest

C  envy, happiness, and disgust

D  shame, doubt, and surprise

A  They should be unresponsive when Beckham eats fruit.

B  They should eat a lot of fruit and smile and say, “Yummy!” when Beckham eats fruit.

C  They should frown when Beckham does not eat fruit.

D  They should slowly nod when Beckham eats fruit.

A  looks at his mother’s facial expression before touching an unfamiliar toy.

B  screams with anger when he cannot reach a desired toy.

C  cries when picked up by an unfamiliar adult.

D  prefers one parent over the other.

A  shows delays in motor and mental development.

B  produces low levels of the stress hormone cortisol.

C  tries to comfort his mother when she is sad.

D  sleeps longer than most infants.

A  Early intervention programs increase intelligence test scores during the school years, but the gains are not sustained beyond middle childhood.

B  The earlier intervention begins, the longer it lasts, and the greater its scope and intensity, the better participants’ performance is throughout childhood and adolescence.

C  Even with early intervention, most children born into economically disadvantaged families will not reach their full potential.

D  The U.S. Congress recently recognized the successes of early intervention and now fully funds all programs directed at low-income infants and toddlers.

A  provide an unstructured and chaotic physical setting

B  talk to their infants and toddlers

C  engage their children in physical activity

D  take part in coloring with crayons with their children

A  long-term memory does not emerge until around age 7.

B  early memories are stored in an explicit memory system that is difficult to recall.

C  they have most likely forgotten these early memories due to the passage of time.

D  they cannot translate early preverbal memories into language.

A  The sensory register; working memory

B  Recall; recognition

C  Habituation; recovery

D  Recognition; recall

A  Executive functions

B  Permanent functions

C  Sensory processes

D  Automatic processes

A  the primary circular reaction.

B  object permanence.

C  reflexive schemes.

D  mental representation.

A  organize; adapt

B  assimilate; accommodate

C  accommodate; organize

D  organize; assimilate

A  scribbling

B  crawling

C  tying their shoes

D  grasping

A  nonorganic failure to thrive.

B  iron-deficiency anemia.

C  marasmus.

D  kwashiorkor.

A  is common in regions of the world where children get just enough calories from starchy foods.

B  is caused by an unbalanced diet very low in protein.

C  is caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients.

D  usually strikes after weaning.

A  Avoid giving Angus foods loaded with salt and sugar.

B  Cut back on Angus’s protein throughout infancy and toddlerhood.

C  Give Angus foods containing saturated fats.

D  Give Angus formula the first six months.

A  born later.

B  more irritable during the first three years.

C  heavier and longer at birth.

D  less irritable during the first three months.

A  the impairments caused by heavy, regular alcohol use during pregnancy are reversible.

B  effects are caused by interfering with production of neurons in the neural tube and also cause many facial deformities.

C  FAS babies catch up to agemates in physical size when provided with an enriched diet.

D  all fetuses are equally vulnerable to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.

A  both a and c

B  deformities of the arms and legs

C  below average intelligence

D  higher mental test scores

A  Prescription drug use

B  Cocaine

C  Heroin

D  Marijuana

A  The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

B  Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

C  Smaller doses over shorter time periods have more negative effects.

D  Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

A  occurs sometime between 18 and 21 weeks.

B  is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early.

C  occurs sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy.

D  is the point at which the baby can be born without being premature.

A  digestive system, lungs, and urinary tract.

B  muscles and skeleton.

C  nervous system and skin.

D  brain and central nervous system.

A  will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

B  swells to form the brain.

C  grows slowly at first.

D  develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

A  lasts about two weeks.

B  lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy.

C  is the longest prenatal period.

D  is the prenatal period during which the groundwork is laid for all body structures and organs.

A  fallopian tubes.

B  cervix.

C  ovaries.

D  uterus.

A  Down

B  Turner

C  Klinefelter

D  XYY

A  need regular injections of insulin

B  require hormone therapy

C  have to be placed on a diet low in amino acid (protein)

D  require frequent blood transfusions

A  a carrier.

B  dominant–recessive.

C  dominant.

D  recessive.

A  autosome

B  allele

C  zygote

D  gamete

A  permits the chromosomes to copy themselves.

B  results in dizygotic twins.

C  halves the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

D  doubles the number of chromosomes normally present in the body cells.

A  alleles

B  autosomes

C  phenotypes

D  gametes

A  cells

B  phenotypes

C  genotypes

D  chromosomes

A  karyotype

B  phenotype

C  genotype

D  chromosome

A  genotypes.

B  chromosomes.

C  phenotypes.

D  alleles.

A  formal operational

B  sensorimotor

C  concrete operational

D  preoperational

A  formal operational

B  sensorimotor

C  preoperational

D  concrete operational

A  reinforcing good behavior and punishing bad behavior.

B  cooperative diaglogues with adults and more expert peers.

C  imprinting on a mother-fugure during the critical period.

D  pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.

A  modeling.

B  classical conditioning.

C  punishment.

D  reinforcement.

A  viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development.

B  primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences.

C  pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture’s life situation.

D  minimized the role of culture in individual development.

A  model the behavior of parents and other caregivers.

B  acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills.

C  confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.

D  actively explore the environment.