Exam 1

A  sociobiology and heredity

B  heredity

C  the media

D  sociobiology

A  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

B  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

D  females being treated with more leniency by police

A  gender gap hypothesis

B  maturation hypothesis

C  frustration hypothesis

D  liberation hypothesis

A  social aggression

B  indirect aggression

C  relational aggression

D  physical aggression

A  their academic abilities

B  their relations with others

C  their athletic abilities

D  their appearance

A  feminist theory

B  rational choice theory

C  deterrence and rational theory

D  deterrence theory

A  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

B  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

C  others from committing similar acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

B  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

C  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

D  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

A  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

B  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

C  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

D  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

A  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

B  children who are overly anxious about crime

C  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

D  programs that are focused on education

A  religiosity

B  level of educational attainment

C  personal health

D  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

A  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

B  is no longer important

C  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

D  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

A  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

B  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

C  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

D  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

A  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

B  deviance really does not exist

C  deviance is the same to all

D  deviance cannot be seen

A  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

B  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

C  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

D  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

A  solitary confinement

B  inadequate medical care in prison

C  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

D  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

A  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

B  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

C  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

D  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

A  having no effect on future behavior

B  causing a variety of activities

C  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

D  relative unimportance

A  no situation is ever the same

B  situations are defined differently

C  situations can cause serious consequences

D  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

A  social status, social roles, and social expectations

B  only social roles

C  only social status

D  only social expectations

A  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

C  were not interested in delinquency

D  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

A  They have a great deal of remorse

B  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

C  They have absolutely no social bonds

D  They have strong social bonds

A  unchanging

B  locked into a particular situation

C  an immoral person

D  occasionally free to “drift”

A  appeal to higher loyalties

B  denial of responsibility

C  denial of harm

D  condemning the condemner

A  does not vary among individuals

B  cannot be applied to juveniles

C  applies only to juveniles

D  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

A  mental conflict and anxiety

B  alienation and frustration

C  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

D  pride and self-worth

A  they have been rewarded for doing so

B  come from a hard-working background

C  they have a strong religious background

D  they come from a wealthy background

A  can become viable role models for some youngsters

B  are ignored by most youth

C  have no effect on females

D  have no effect on juveniles

A  will become a ward of the state

B  loses interest in society

C  can never become a law-abiding citizen

D  slips into juvenile delinquency

A  crystallization

B  politicization

C  characterization

D  socialization

A  Japanese

B  Korean

C  Chinese

D  Cambodian

A  in the suburbs

B  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

C  in the rural outreaches of the city

D  in jail

A  uniform throughout the population

B  not identifiable

C  really not that important

D  not uniform throughout the population

A  crime-oriented gang

B  conflict-oriented gang

C  rebellion-oriented gang

D  retreatist-oriented gang

A  middle class juveniles

B  average boys.

C  abused children

D  the behavior of lower class juveniles

A  retreatism

B  rebellion

C  centralism

D  ritualism

A  retreatism

B  innovation

C  conformity

D  ritualism

A  prevailing social conditions

B  arrest rates

C  local government

D  economic status

A  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

B  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

C  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

D  suicide rates drop dramatically

A  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

B  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

C  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

D  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

A  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

B  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

C  bullies, victims, and interlopers

D  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

A  social indifference

B  personality

C  deviant behavior

D  normal behavior

A  accepted by most criminologists

B  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

C  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

D  totally ignored

A  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

B  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

C  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

D  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

A  victims have never filed any police complaint

B  victims are the only source of information

C  victims distrust surveys

D  victims really do not care to answer the questions

A  divert the matter away from the court system

B  let the parents handle the case

C  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

D  dismiss the case

A  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

B  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

C  only because of their seriousness

D  only because of the frequency of occurrence

A  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

B  the average person believes it

C  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

D  it produces results

A  negative norms

B  prescriptive norms

C  proscriptive norms

D  outdated

A  are prohibited for juveniles

B  are not illegal when done by adults

C  are referred to as status offenses

D  all of the above