Exam 1

A  sociobiology

B  heredity

C  sociobiology and heredity

D  the media

A  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

B  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C  females being treated with more leniency by police

D  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

A  maturation hypothesis

B  gender gap hypothesis

C  liberation hypothesis

D  frustration hypothesis

A  indirect aggression

B  relational aggression

C  physical aggression

D  social aggression

A  their appearance

B  their athletic abilities

C  their relations with others

D  their academic abilities

A  feminist theory

B  deterrence theory

C  rational choice theory

D  deterrence and rational theory

A  others from committing similar acts

B  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

C  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

B  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

C  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

D  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

A  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

B  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

C  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

D  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

A  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

B  programs that are focused on education

C  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

D  children who are overly anxious about crime

A  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

B  personal health

C  religiosity

D  level of educational attainment

A  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

B  is no longer important

C  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

D  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

A  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

B  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

C  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

D  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

A  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

B  deviance cannot be seen

C  deviance really does not exist

D  deviance is the same to all

A  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

B  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

C  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

D  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

A  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

B  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

C  solitary confinement

D  inadequate medical care in prison

A  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

B  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

C  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

D  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

A  having no effect on future behavior

B  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

C  causing a variety of activities

D  relative unimportance

A  situations are defined differently

B  situations can cause serious consequences

C  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

D  no situation is ever the same

A  only social status

B  only social expectations

C  social status, social roles, and social expectations

D  only social roles

A  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B  were not interested in delinquency

C  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

A  They have a great deal of remorse

B  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

C  They have absolutely no social bonds

D  They have strong social bonds

A  occasionally free to “drift”

B  unchanging

C  an immoral person

D  locked into a particular situation

A  condemning the condemner

B  appeal to higher loyalties

C  denial of responsibility

D  denial of harm

A  cannot be applied to juveniles

B  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

C  applies only to juveniles

D  does not vary among individuals

A  pride and self-worth

B  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

C  mental conflict and anxiety

D  alienation and frustration

A  come from a hard-working background

B  they come from a wealthy background

C  they have a strong religious background

D  they have been rewarded for doing so

A  can become viable role models for some youngsters

B  are ignored by most youth

C  have no effect on females

D  have no effect on juveniles

A  will become a ward of the state

B  can never become a law-abiding citizen

C  loses interest in society

D  slips into juvenile delinquency

A  crystallization

B  socialization

C  characterization

D  politicization

A  Cambodian

B  Chinese

C  Japanese

D  Korean

A  in jail

B  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

C  in the suburbs

D  in the rural outreaches of the city

A  uniform throughout the population

B  not identifiable

C  really not that important

D  not uniform throughout the population

A  crime-oriented gang

B  rebellion-oriented gang

C  conflict-oriented gang

D  retreatist-oriented gang

A  abused children

B  the behavior of lower class juveniles

C  middle class juveniles

D  average boys.

A  centralism

B  rebellion

C  retreatism

D  ritualism

A  retreatism

B  ritualism

C  conformity

D  innovation

A  local government

B  arrest rates

C  prevailing social conditions

D  economic status

A  suicide rates drop dramatically

B  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

C  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

D  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

A  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

B  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

C  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

A  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

B  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

C  bullies, victims, and interlopers

D  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

A  normal behavior

B  deviant behavior

C  social indifference

D  personality

A  totally ignored

B  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

C  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

D  accepted by most criminologists

A  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

B  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

C  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

D  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

A  victims have never filed any police complaint

B  victims distrust surveys

C  victims are the only source of information

D  victims really do not care to answer the questions

A  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

B  let the parents handle the case

C  dismiss the case

D  divert the matter away from the court system

A  only because of the frequency of occurrence

B  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

C  only because of their seriousness

D  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

A  it produces results

B  the average person believes it

C  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

D  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

A  outdated

B  proscriptive norms

C  negative norms

D  prescriptive norms

A  are prohibited for juveniles

B  are not illegal when done by adults

C  are referred to as status offenses

D  all of the above