Exam 1

A  the media

B  heredity

C  sociobiology and heredity

D  sociobiology

A  females being treated with more leniency by police

B  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

D  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

A  frustration hypothesis

B  liberation hypothesis

C  maturation hypothesis

D  gender gap hypothesis

A  social aggression

B  indirect aggression

C  relational aggression

D  physical aggression

A  their relations with others

B  their appearance

C  their academic abilities

D  their athletic abilities

A  deterrence and rational theory

B  rational choice theory

C  feminist theory

D  deterrence theory

A  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

B  others from committing similar acts

C  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

B  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

C  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

D  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

A  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

B  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

C  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

D  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

A  children who are overly anxious about crime

B  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

C  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

D  programs that are focused on education

A  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

B  personal health

C  religiosity

D  level of educational attainment

A  is no longer important

B  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

C  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

D  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

A  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

B  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

C  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

D  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

A  deviance cannot be seen

B  deviance is the same to all

C  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

D  deviance really does not exist

A  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

B  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

C  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

D  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

A  solitary confinement

B  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

C  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

D  inadequate medical care in prison

A  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

B  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

C  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

D  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

A  relative unimportance

B  having no effect on future behavior

C  causing a variety of activities

D  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

A  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

B  situations can cause serious consequences

C  situations are defined differently

D  no situation is ever the same

A  only social roles

B  only social expectations

C  only social status

D  social status, social roles, and social expectations

A  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B  were not interested in delinquency

C  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

D  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

A  They have absolutely no social bonds

B  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

C  They have a great deal of remorse

D  They have strong social bonds

A  unchanging

B  occasionally free to “drift”

C  locked into a particular situation

D  an immoral person

A  denial of harm

B  denial of responsibility

C  appeal to higher loyalties

D  condemning the condemner

A  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

B  applies only to juveniles

C  cannot be applied to juveniles

D  does not vary among individuals

A  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

B  mental conflict and anxiety

C  alienation and frustration

D  pride and self-worth

A  they have a strong religious background

B  come from a hard-working background

C  they have been rewarded for doing so

D  they come from a wealthy background

A  have no effect on juveniles

B  are ignored by most youth

C  can become viable role models for some youngsters

D  have no effect on females

A  loses interest in society

B  can never become a law-abiding citizen

C  will become a ward of the state

D  slips into juvenile delinquency

A  socialization

B  crystallization

C  politicization

D  characterization

A  Chinese

B  Japanese

C  Cambodian

D  Korean

A  in the rural outreaches of the city

B  in jail

C  in the suburbs

D  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

A  not identifiable

B  really not that important

C  uniform throughout the population

D  not uniform throughout the population

A  rebellion-oriented gang

B  retreatist-oriented gang

C  conflict-oriented gang

D  crime-oriented gang

A  average boys.

B  middle class juveniles

C  the behavior of lower class juveniles

D  abused children

A  centralism

B  rebellion

C  retreatism

D  ritualism

A  retreatism

B  innovation

C  ritualism

D  conformity

A  arrest rates

B  local government

C  economic status

D  prevailing social conditions

A  suicide rates drop dramatically

B  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

C  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

D  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

A  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

B  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

C  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

A  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

B  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

C  bullies, victims, and interlopers

D  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

A  social indifference

B  personality

C  deviant behavior

D  normal behavior

A  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

B  totally ignored

C  accepted by most criminologists

D  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

A  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

B  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

C  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

D  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

A  victims have never filed any police complaint

B  victims are the only source of information

C  victims distrust surveys

D  victims really do not care to answer the questions

A  divert the matter away from the court system

B  let the parents handle the case

C  dismiss the case

D  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

A  only because of the frequency of occurrence

B  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

C  only because of their seriousness

D  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

A  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

B  it produces results

C  the average person believes it

D  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

A  prescriptive norms

B  outdated

C  proscriptive norms

D  negative norms

A  are referred to as status offenses

B  are not illegal when done by adults

C  are prohibited for juveniles

D  all of the above