Exam 1

A  sociobiology

B  heredity

C  sociobiology and heredity

D  the media

A  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

B  females being treated with more leniency by police

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

D  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A  maturation hypothesis

B  gender gap hypothesis

C  liberation hypothesis

D  frustration hypothesis

A  social aggression

B  physical aggression

C  indirect aggression

D  relational aggression

A  their appearance

B  their athletic abilities

C  their academic abilities

D  their relations with others

A  feminist theory

B  deterrence theory

C  rational choice theory

D  deterrence and rational theory

A  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

B  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

C  others from committing similar acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

B  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

C  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

D  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

A  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

B  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

C  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

D  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

A  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

B  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

C  children who are overly anxious about crime

D  programs that are focused on education

A  personal health

B  religiosity

C  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

D  level of educational attainment

A  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

B  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

C  is no longer important

D  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

A  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

B  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

C  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

D  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

A  deviance cannot be seen

B  deviance really does not exist

C  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

D  deviance is the same to all

A  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

B  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

C  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

D  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

A  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

B  solitary confinement

C  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

D  inadequate medical care in prison

A  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

B  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

C  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

D  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

A  causing a variety of activities

B  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

C  relative unimportance

D  having no effect on future behavior

A  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

B  situations are defined differently

C  situations can cause serious consequences

D  no situation is ever the same

A  only social status

B  only social expectations

C  social status, social roles, and social expectations

D  only social roles

A  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B  were not interested in delinquency

C  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

A  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

B  They have absolutely no social bonds

C  They have strong social bonds

D  They have a great deal of remorse

A  occasionally free to “drift”

B  unchanging

C  an immoral person

D  locked into a particular situation

A  condemning the condemner

B  appeal to higher loyalties

C  denial of harm

D  denial of responsibility

A  does not vary among individuals

B  applies only to juveniles

C  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

D  cannot be applied to juveniles

A  mental conflict and anxiety

B  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

C  pride and self-worth

D  alienation and frustration

A  they have been rewarded for doing so

B  they come from a wealthy background

C  they have a strong religious background

D  come from a hard-working background

A  can become viable role models for some youngsters

B  are ignored by most youth

C  have no effect on juveniles

D  have no effect on females

A  will become a ward of the state

B  loses interest in society

C  slips into juvenile delinquency

D  can never become a law-abiding citizen

A  characterization

B  socialization

C  politicization

D  crystallization

A  Japanese

B  Cambodian

C  Chinese

D  Korean

A  in the suburbs

B  in jail

C  in the rural outreaches of the city

D  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

A  not identifiable

B  uniform throughout the population

C  really not that important

D  not uniform throughout the population

A  conflict-oriented gang

B  crime-oriented gang

C  rebellion-oriented gang

D  retreatist-oriented gang

A  the behavior of lower class juveniles

B  abused children

C  average boys.

D  middle class juveniles

A  rebellion

B  ritualism

C  retreatism

D  centralism

A  ritualism

B  retreatism

C  innovation

D  conformity

A  arrest rates

B  prevailing social conditions

C  economic status

D  local government

A  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

B  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

C  suicide rates drop dramatically

D  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

A  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

B  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

C  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

D  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

A  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

B  bullies, victims, and interlopers

C  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

D  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

A  normal behavior

B  social indifference

C  personality

D  deviant behavior

A  totally ignored

B  accepted by most criminologists

C  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

D  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

A  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

B  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

C  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

D  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

A  victims have never filed any police complaint

B  victims really do not care to answer the questions

C  victims distrust surveys

D  victims are the only source of information

A  dismiss the case

B  divert the matter away from the court system

C  let the parents handle the case

D  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

A  only because of their seriousness

B  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

C  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

D  only because of the frequency of occurrence

A  it produces results

B  the average person believes it

C  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

D  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

A  outdated

B  negative norms

C  proscriptive norms

D  prescriptive norms

A  are referred to as status offenses

B  are not illegal when done by adults

C  are prohibited for juveniles

D  all of the above