Exam 1

A  heredity

B  the media

C  sociobiology

D  sociobiology and heredity

A  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

B  females being treated with more leniency by police

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

D  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A  frustration hypothesis

B  gender gap hypothesis

C  maturation hypothesis

D  liberation hypothesis

A  indirect aggression

B  relational aggression

C  physical aggression

D  social aggression

A  their academic abilities

B  their relations with others

C  their athletic abilities

D  their appearance

A  deterrence theory

B  feminist theory

C  deterrence and rational theory

D  rational choice theory

A  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

B  others from committing similar acts

C  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

B  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

C  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

D  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

A  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

B  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

C  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

D  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

A  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

B  programs that are focused on education

C  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

D  children who are overly anxious about crime

A  personal health

B  religiosity

C  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

D  level of educational attainment

A  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

B  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

C  is no longer important

D  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

A  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

B  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

C  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

D  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

A  deviance really does not exist

B  deviance cannot be seen

C  deviance is the same to all

D  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

A  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

B  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

C  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

D  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

A  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

B  inadequate medical care in prison

C  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

D  solitary confinement

A  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

B  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

C  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

D  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

A  relative unimportance

B  having no effect on future behavior

C  causing a variety of activities

D  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

A  situations can cause serious consequences

B  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

C  no situation is ever the same

D  situations are defined differently

A  social status, social roles, and social expectations

B  only social expectations

C  only social status

D  only social roles

A  were not interested in delinquency

B  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

C  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

A  They have strong social bonds

B  They have a great deal of remorse

C  They have absolutely no social bonds

D  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

A  occasionally free to “drift”

B  unchanging

C  locked into a particular situation

D  an immoral person

A  denial of harm

B  condemning the condemner

C  denial of responsibility

D  appeal to higher loyalties

A  cannot be applied to juveniles

B  applies only to juveniles

C  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

D  does not vary among individuals

A  mental conflict and anxiety

B  pride and self-worth

C  alienation and frustration

D  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

A  they come from a wealthy background

B  they have a strong religious background

C  come from a hard-working background

D  they have been rewarded for doing so

A  have no effect on females

B  can become viable role models for some youngsters

C  are ignored by most youth

D  have no effect on juveniles

A  can never become a law-abiding citizen

B  slips into juvenile delinquency

C  will become a ward of the state

D  loses interest in society

A  politicization

B  characterization

C  crystallization

D  socialization

A  Chinese

B  Japanese

C  Cambodian

D  Korean

A  in the suburbs

B  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

C  in the rural outreaches of the city

D  in jail

A  not identifiable

B  uniform throughout the population

C  really not that important

D  not uniform throughout the population

A  rebellion-oriented gang

B  conflict-oriented gang

C  crime-oriented gang

D  retreatist-oriented gang

A  middle class juveniles

B  the behavior of lower class juveniles

C  abused children

D  average boys.

A  rebellion

B  retreatism

C  ritualism

D  centralism

A  innovation

B  retreatism

C  conformity

D  ritualism

A  prevailing social conditions

B  arrest rates

C  local government

D  economic status

A  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

B  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

C  suicide rates drop dramatically

D  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

A  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

B  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

C  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

A  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

B  bullies, victims, and interlopers

C  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

D  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

A  personality

B  deviant behavior

C  normal behavior

D  social indifference

A  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

B  totally ignored

C  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

D  accepted by most criminologists

A  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

B  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

C  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

D  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

A  victims distrust surveys

B  victims really do not care to answer the questions

C  victims are the only source of information

D  victims have never filed any police complaint

A  dismiss the case

B  divert the matter away from the court system

C  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

D  let the parents handle the case

A  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

B  only because of the frequency of occurrence

C  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

D  only because of their seriousness

A  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

B  the average person believes it

C  it produces results

D  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

A  proscriptive norms

B  prescriptive norms

C  negative norms

D  outdated

A  are prohibited for juveniles

B  are referred to as status offenses

C  are not illegal when done by adults

D  all of the above