Exam 1

A  sociobiology

B  the media

C  heredity

D  sociobiology and heredity

A  females being treated with more leniency by police

B  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

D  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A  liberation hypothesis

B  gender gap hypothesis

C  maturation hypothesis

D  frustration hypothesis

A  indirect aggression

B  relational aggression

C  social aggression

D  physical aggression

A  their relations with others

B  their appearance

C  their athletic abilities

D  their academic abilities

A  deterrence and rational theory

B  rational choice theory

C  feminist theory

D  deterrence theory

A  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

B  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

C  others from committing similar acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

B  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

C  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

D  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

A  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

B  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

C  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

D  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

A  children who are overly anxious about crime

B  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

C  programs that are focused on education

D  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

A  level of educational attainment

B  religiosity

C  personal health

D  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

A  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

B  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

C  is no longer important

D  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

A  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

B  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

C  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

D  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

A  deviance really does not exist

B  deviance is the same to all

C  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

D  deviance cannot be seen

A  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

B  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

C  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

D  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

A  inadequate medical care in prison

B  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

C  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

D  solitary confinement

A  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

B  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

C  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

D  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

A  relative unimportance

B  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

C  having no effect on future behavior

D  causing a variety of activities

A  situations can cause serious consequences

B  situations are defined differently

C  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

D  no situation is ever the same

A  social status, social roles, and social expectations

B  only social expectations

C  only social status

D  only social roles

A  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

B  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

C  were not interested in delinquency

D  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

A  They have absolutely no social bonds

B  They have strong social bonds

C  They have a great deal of remorse

D  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

A  occasionally free to “drift”

B  unchanging

C  locked into a particular situation

D  an immoral person

A  denial of responsibility

B  denial of harm

C  appeal to higher loyalties

D  condemning the condemner

A  applies only to juveniles

B  cannot be applied to juveniles

C  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

D  does not vary among individuals

A  alienation and frustration

B  pride and self-worth

C  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

D  mental conflict and anxiety

A  they come from a wealthy background

B  they have a strong religious background

C  they have been rewarded for doing so

D  come from a hard-working background

A  have no effect on females

B  are ignored by most youth

C  have no effect on juveniles

D  can become viable role models for some youngsters

A  will become a ward of the state

B  loses interest in society

C  can never become a law-abiding citizen

D  slips into juvenile delinquency

A  crystallization

B  socialization

C  politicization

D  characterization

A  Chinese

B  Korean

C  Cambodian

D  Japanese

A  in jail

B  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

C  in the suburbs

D  in the rural outreaches of the city

A  not uniform throughout the population

B  not identifiable

C  really not that important

D  uniform throughout the population

A  conflict-oriented gang

B  rebellion-oriented gang

C  retreatist-oriented gang

D  crime-oriented gang

A  middle class juveniles

B  average boys.

C  the behavior of lower class juveniles

D  abused children

A  ritualism

B  rebellion

C  retreatism

D  centralism

A  retreatism

B  conformity

C  innovation

D  ritualism

A  prevailing social conditions

B  local government

C  economic status

D  arrest rates

A  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

B  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

C  suicide rates drop dramatically

D  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

A  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

B  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

C  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

D  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

A  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

B  bullies, victims, and interlopers

C  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

D  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

A  normal behavior

B  personality

C  deviant behavior

D  social indifference

A  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

B  totally ignored

C  accepted by most criminologists

D  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

A  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

B  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

C  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

D  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

A  victims have never filed any police complaint

B  victims really do not care to answer the questions

C  victims distrust surveys

D  victims are the only source of information

A  divert the matter away from the court system

B  let the parents handle the case

C  dismiss the case

D  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

A  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

B  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

C  only because of the frequency of occurrence

D  only because of their seriousness

A  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

B  it produces results

C  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

D  the average person believes it

A  negative norms

B  proscriptive norms

C  prescriptive norms

D  outdated

A  are referred to as status offenses

B  are prohibited for juveniles

C  are not illegal when done by adults

D  all of the above