Exam 1

A  sociobiology

B  heredity

C  sociobiology and heredity

D  the media

A  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

B  females being treated with more leniency by police

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

D  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A  maturation hypothesis

B  liberation hypothesis

C  gender gap hypothesis

D  frustration hypothesis

A  relational aggression

B  physical aggression

C  indirect aggression

D  social aggression

A  their relations with others

B  their academic abilities

C  their appearance

D  their athletic abilities

A  deterrence theory

B  rational choice theory

C  deterrence and rational theory

D  feminist theory

A  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

B  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

C  others from committing similar acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

B  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

C  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

D  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

A  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

B  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

C  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

D  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

A  children who are overly anxious about crime

B  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

C  programs that are focused on education

D  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

A  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

B  level of educational attainment

C  personal health

D  religiosity

A  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

B  is no longer important

C  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

D  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

A  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

B  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

C  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

D  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

A  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

B  deviance is the same to all

C  deviance really does not exist

D  deviance cannot be seen

A  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

B  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

C  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

D  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

A  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

B  solitary confinement

C  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

D  inadequate medical care in prison

A  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

B  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

C  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

D  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

A  having no effect on future behavior

B  relative unimportance

C  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

D  causing a variety of activities

A  situations are defined differently

B  situations can cause serious consequences

C  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

D  no situation is ever the same

A  social status, social roles, and social expectations

B  only social status

C  only social roles

D  only social expectations

A  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

C  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D  were not interested in delinquency

A  They have strong social bonds

B  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

C  They have a great deal of remorse

D  They have absolutely no social bonds

A  locked into a particular situation

B  an immoral person

C  occasionally free to “drift”

D  unchanging

A  denial of responsibility

B  appeal to higher loyalties

C  denial of harm

D  condemning the condemner

A  applies only to juveniles

B  does not vary among individuals

C  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

D  cannot be applied to juveniles

A  alienation and frustration

B  pride and self-worth

C  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

D  mental conflict and anxiety

A  they come from a wealthy background

B  come from a hard-working background

C  they have a strong religious background

D  they have been rewarded for doing so

A  can become viable role models for some youngsters

B  have no effect on juveniles

C  are ignored by most youth

D  have no effect on females

A  loses interest in society

B  will become a ward of the state

C  can never become a law-abiding citizen

D  slips into juvenile delinquency

A  politicization

B  characterization

C  crystallization

D  socialization

A  Japanese

B  Chinese

C  Cambodian

D  Korean

A  in the rural outreaches of the city

B  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

C  in the suburbs

D  in jail

A  not identifiable

B  uniform throughout the population

C  not uniform throughout the population

D  really not that important

A  conflict-oriented gang

B  rebellion-oriented gang

C  retreatist-oriented gang

D  crime-oriented gang

A  middle class juveniles

B  abused children

C  the behavior of lower class juveniles

D  average boys.

A  rebellion

B  ritualism

C  centralism

D  retreatism

A  conformity

B  retreatism

C  ritualism

D  innovation

A  arrest rates

B  economic status

C  local government

D  prevailing social conditions

A  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

B  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

C  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

D  suicide rates drop dramatically

A  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

B  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

C  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

A  bullies, victims, and interlopers

B  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

C  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

D  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

A  normal behavior

B  personality

C  deviant behavior

D  social indifference

A  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

B  totally ignored

C  accepted by most criminologists

D  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

A  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

B  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

C  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

D  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

A  victims really do not care to answer the questions

B  victims have never filed any police complaint

C  victims distrust surveys

D  victims are the only source of information

A  divert the matter away from the court system

B  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

C  dismiss the case

D  let the parents handle the case

A  only because of their seriousness

B  only because of the frequency of occurrence

C  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

D  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

A  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

B  the average person believes it

C  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

D  it produces results

A  prescriptive norms

B  proscriptive norms

C  outdated

D  negative norms

A  are prohibited for juveniles

B  are not illegal when done by adults

C  are referred to as status offenses

D  all of the above