Module 5 Exam

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Question #1

Many North American parents want to pick names for their children that sound unique or are spelled in an unusual way. This desire best illustrates one of the consequences of

A individualism.

B the false consensus effect.

C neuroticism.

D free association.

Question #2

In a collectivist culture, individuals are likely to avoid

A embarrassing other people.

B all of these behaviors.

C displaying personal humility.

D prolonging conversations.

Question #3

Jeremy consistently attributes his poor work performance to his own incompetence. This most clearly indicates that he experiences a low level of

A neuroticism.

B agreeableness.

C projection.

D self-efficacy.

Question #4

Freud emphasized that unresolved childhood conflicts often lead to

A reciprocal determinism.

B free association.

C unconditional positive regard.

D fixation.

Question #5

A rationalization.

B displacement.

C repression.

D projection.

Question #6

Some psychoanalysts of Freud’s era claimed that girls experienced an Electra complex involving an unconscious

A identification with their father.

B hostility toward their father.

C denial of their femininity.

D sexual desire for their father.

Question #7

Four-year-old John is very competitive with his father in trying to gain more attention from his mother. Freud would have suggested that John is going through the ________ stage of development.

A latency

B anal

C phallic

D oral

Question #8

Although Garth wants to have sex with his girlfriend, he also wants to avoid premarital sex. Freud would have suggested that both desires might be partially satisfied by Garth’s

A superego.

B Oedipus complex.

C id.

D ego.

Question #9

While attending college, Saeb impulsively and carelessly spends all his time and money on “wine, women, and song.” Freud would have suggested that Saeb shows signs of a(n)

A weak superego.

B weak id.

C Electra complex.

D strong ego.

Question #10

The pleasure principle is to the ________ as the reality principle is to the ________.

A id; superego

B conscious; unconscious

C Oedipus complex; Electra complex

D id; ego

Question #11

Katrinka habitually makes nasty, hostile comments about her teachers. Freud would have suggested that her behavior illustrates the powerful influence of the

A ego.

B superego.

C spotlight effect.

D id.

Question #12

Because she is often rejected by her parents, Sally mistrusts other people and treats them with hostility, which leads to their rejection of her. This cycle of rejection, mistrust, hostility, and further rejection illustrates what is meant by

A self-transcendence.

B the spotlight effect.

C reaction formation.

D reciprocal determinism.

Question #13

A highly anxious and insecure personality illustrates the Big Five trait dimension of

A openness.

B extraversion.

C neuroticism.

D agreeableness.

Question #14

Which of the following Big Five trait dimensions is most descriptive of an individual who is organized and disciplined in managing his or her work?

A agreeableness

B openness

C extraversion

D conscientiousness

Question #15

Merri is a very kind and compassionate person who gives generously to others who are in need. She most clearly ranks high on the Big Five trait dimension known as

A openness.

B agreeableness.

C conscientiousness.

D extraversion

Question #16

Evidence of the impact of biology on personality traits includes the fact that

A extraverts seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively high.

B introverts seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low.

C extraverts seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low.

D introverts seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively high.

Question #17

Kelsey is consistently optimistic, talkative, and impulsive. Each of these characteristics most clearly represents a

A defense mechanism.

B trait.

C self-serving bias.

D fixation.

Question #18

Which theorists have been criticized for underestimating the human predisposition to engage in destructive and evil behaviors?

A psychodynamic theorists

B social-cognitive theorists

C trait theorists

D humanistic theorists

Question #19

Rogers’ and Maslow’s emphasis on developing human strengths laid the groundwork for today’s

A neo-Freudian perspective.

B cognitive neuroscience.

C psychodynamic theory.

D positive psychology.

Question #20

Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience

A a weak superego.

B a self-serving bias.

C a negative self-concept.

D self-transcendence.

Question #21

Carl Rogers emphasized that a positive self-concept is promoted by

A reciprocal determinism.

B free association.

C self-transcendence.

D unconditional positive regard.

Question #22

According to Maslow, the desire to fulfill one’s potential is the motivation for

A self-actualization.

B self-esteem.

C unconditional positive regard

D reciprocal determinism.

Question #23

Who proposed that we are motivated by a hierarchy of needs?

A Albert Bandura

B Abraham Maslow

C Carl Rogers

D Sigmund Freud

Question #24

Which personality theory emphasizes the importance of our capacity for healthy growth and self-realization?

A psychoanalytic

B social-cognitive

C trait

D humanistic

Question #25

Which theory has been most severely criticized for offering after-the-fact explanations without advancing testable predictions?

A social-cognitive theory

B trait theory

C psychoanalytic theory

D humanistic theory

Question #26

Rona was asked by her psychotherapist to describe what she saw in 10 ambiguous inkblots. Rona was most likely responding to a(n) ________ test.

A self-esteem

B multiphasic personality

C empirically derived

D projective

Question #27

Celine recently had a vivid dream that was strikingly similar to an ancient religious myth. This coincidence would have been of particular interest to

A Carl Jung.

B Alfred Adler.

C Karen Horney.

D Gordon Allport.

Question #28

Neo-Freudians such as ________ were among the first to highlight a masculine bias in Freud’s theories.

A Carl Rogers

B Hazel Markus

C Karen Horney

D Walter Mischel

Question #29

Which neo-Freudian introduced the concept of an inferiority complex?

A Hermann Rorschach

B Alfred Adler

C Karen Horney

D Carl Jung

Question #30

Both Karen Horney and Alfred Adler placed greater emphasis than did Freud on the role of ________ in personality development.

A genetic predispositions

B social interactions

C defense mechanisms

D the collective unconscious

Question #31

Shortly after receiving a traffic ticket for speeding, Fred made numerous hostile comments to his wife about the incompetence of women drivers. Fred’s comments illustrate most clearly the defense mechanism of

A displacement.

B identification.

C rationalization.

D reaction formation.

Question #32

The image of an iceberg is frequently used to illustrate ________ idea of the mind’s structure.

A Freud’s

B Allport’s

C Maslow’s

D Bandura’s

Question #33

In suggesting that the mind is mostly hidden, Freud was most clearly emphasizing the importance of the

A unconscious.

B erogenous zone.

C psychosexual stages.

D spotlight effect.

Question #34

After recalling a vivid dream image, Angie’s therapist instructs her to close her eyes and report any other images, words, or thoughts that come to mind at that moment. The therapist is using a procedure called

A free association.

B factor analysis.

C identification.

D reaction formation.

Question #35

The belief that some distressing physical symptoms made no neurological sense contributed most directly to

A Freud’s interest in unconscious conflicts.

B Allport’s interest in personality traits.

C Maslow’s interest in self-actualization.

D Bandura’s interest in reciprocal determinism.

Question #36

Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques

A a trait perspective.

B a social-cognitive theory.

C psychoanalysis.

D a humanistic theory.

Question #37

Mark typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner. Chandler usually becomes agitated. The reactions of Mark and Chandler indicate that each has a distinctive

A reaction formation.

B self-serving bias.

C personality.

D projection.

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