Module 1 Exam

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Question #1

In an experimental study of the extent to which sexual arousal is stimulated by laughter, sexual arousal would be the

A independent variable.

B dependent variable.

C control condition.

D experimental condition.

Question #2

To study some effects of alcohol consumption, Dr. Chu tested the physical coordination skills of 21-year-old men who had just drunk either 4, 2, or 0 ounces of alcohol. In this study, the independent variable consisted of

A the effects of alcohol consumption.

B the amount of alcohol consumed.

C the age of the research participants.

D the physical coordination skills of the research participants.

Question #3

Abdul has volunteered to participate in an experiment evaluating the effectiveness of aspirin. Neither he nor the experimenters know whether the pills he takes during the experiment contain aspirin or are merely placebos. The investigators are apparently making use of

A naturalistic observation.

B random sampling.

C the testing effect.

D the double-blind procedure.

Question #4

Research participants drank either caffeinated or decaffeinated beverages in a study of the effects of caffeine on anxiety levels. Those who received the caffeinated drinks were assigned to the ________ group.

A control

B correlational

C survey

D experimental

Question #5

In an experiment designed to study the effectiveness of a new drug for treating diabetes, research participants who receive a placebo have been assigned to the ________ group.

A dependent variable

B control

C experimental

D correlational

Question #6

A research method in which an investigator manipulates factors that potentially produce a particular effect is called a(n)

A case study.

B correlation.

C survey.

D experiment.

Question #7

If those with low self-esteem are also particularly likely to suffer from depression, this would not necessarily indicate that low self-esteem triggers negative emotions because

A random sequences often don’t look random.

B sampling extreme cases leads to false generalizations.

C events often seem more probable in hindsight.

D association does not prove causation.

Question #8

A researcher would be MOST likely to discover a negative correlation between

A body height and body weight.

B intelligence and academic success.

C self-esteem and depression.

D education and personal wealth.

Question #9

If university graduates typically earn more money than high school graduates, this would indicate that people’s levels of education and income are

A negatively correlated.

B independent variables.

C positively correlated.

D dependent variables.

Question #10

Which of the following statistical measures is most helpful for indicating the extent to which high school grades predict college or university grades?

A a random sample

B a correlation coefficient

C SQ3R

D an independent variable

Question #11

Which procedure helps to ensure that the participants in a survey are representative of a larger population?

A random assignment

B replication

C naturalistic observation

D random sampling

Question #12

A majority of respondents in a national survey agreed that “classroom prayer should not be allowed in public schools.” Only 33 percent of respondents in a similar survey agreed that “classroom prayer in public schools should be banned.” These differing findings best illustrate the importance of

A random assignment.

B the placebo effect.

C hindsight bias.

D wording effects.

Question #13

Which of the following techniques would be the most effective way of investigating the relationship between the political attitudes and the economic status of North Americans?

A the case study

B naturalistic observation

C experimentation

D the survey

Question #14

To study the development of relationships, Dr. Rajiv carefully observed and recorded patterns of verbal and nonverbal behaviors among men and women in singles bars. Which research method did Dr. Rajiv employ?

A experimentation

B naturalistic observation

C the survey

D the case study

Question #15

After carefully studying how three single parents dealt with the loss of their jobs, Dr. Phong began to overestimate the national rate of unemployment. In this instance, Dr. Phong should be warned that ________ may be misleading.

A dependent variables

B surveys

C case studies

D random samples

Question #16

In reporting the effect of drinking alcohol on self-consciousness, psychological researchers would specify exactly how they measured self-consciousness. They are thereby providing a(n)

A operational definition.

B experimental hypothesis.

C double-blind procedure.

D case study.

Question #17

Based on scientific theory of social influence, researchers tested the prediction that a threat to self-esteem increases conformity to peer pressure. The prediction that was tested best illustrates a(n)

A psychodynamic perspective.

B operational definition.

C independent variable.

D hypothesis.

Question #18

According to Professor Fayad, we like people who like us because their affection for us boosts our own self-esteem. His idea is an example of

A a theory.

B hindsight bias.

C replication.

D an operational definition.

Question #19

A refusal to consider potential evidence that might conflict with one’s preconceived ideas best illustrates a lack of

A operational definition.

B critical thinking.

C predictive hypotheses.

D informed consent.

Question #20

Daniel and Donald are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different countries. When they were finally reunited for the first time as adults, the men were amazed to discover that they were both plumbers, both avid tennis players, and both addicted to chocolates. The men would be best advised to recognize the danger of

A perceiving order in random events.

B attributing these three similarities to chance.

C assuming that most people share their attitudes and interests.

D randomly sampling their life experiences.

Question #21

To balance historic psychology’s focus on human problems and negative emotions, Martin Seligman called for the development of

A behavior genetics.

B cognitive neuroscience.

C psychiatry.

D positive psychology.

Question #22

Which specialists are the most likely to prescribe a drug for the treatment of a psychological disorder?

A clinical psychologists

B personality psychologists

C developmental psychologists

D psychiatrists

Question #23

Working in a community mental health center, Dr. Thatcher treats adults who suffer from severe depression. Dr. Thatcher is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

A developmental

B personality

C industrial-organizational

D clinical

Question #24

Dr. Ochoa develops tests to accurately identify the most qualified job applicants in a large manufacturing firm. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Ochoa’s work best represent?

A biological psychology

B developmental psychology

C clinical psychology

D industrial-organizational psychology

Question #25

Dr. Winkle conducts basic research on the systematic changes in intelligence associated with aging. It is most likely that Dr. Winkle is a(n) ________ psychologist.

A developmental

B industrial-organizational

C biological

D social

Question #26

Dr. MacPherson believes that the way students organize and think about the information in their textbooks will strongly influence their ability to later remember and use what they have studied. Dr. MacPherson’s ideas most directly exemplify the ________ perspective.

A social-cultural

B behavior genetics

C cognitive

D psychodynamic

Question #27

Natassia believes that boys learn to be more aggressive than girls primarily because boys are more frequently pressured to defend themselves with fists. Natassia’s belief is best described as an example of the ________ perspective.

A behavioral

B psychodynamic

C neuroscience

D cognitive

Question #28

A clinical psychologist who explains behavior in terms of unconscious drives and conflicts is employing a(n) ________ perspective.

A evolutionary

B social-cultural

C behavioral

D psychodynamic

Question #29

In a class lecture, Professor Hampton emphasized the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders. The professor’s lecture highlighted a ________ perspective on psychological disorders.

A psychodynamic

B cognitive

C social-cultural

D neuroscience

Question #30

Poor nutrition, family stress, and memory difficulties have all contributed to Mr. Leonard’s depression. Effectively explaining the full complexity of his problems requires

A a biopsychosocial approach.

B an evolutionary level of analysis.

C psychoanalysis.

D introspection.

Question #31

The controversy over the relative contributions of genes and experience on psychological traits is known as the

A levels of analysis dilemma.

B nature-nurture issue.

C structuralism-functionalism debate.

D cognitive neuroscience controversy.

Question #32

Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of

A learning.

B mental illness.

C personality.

D perception.

Question #33

In studying human behavior, contemporary psychologists rely most heavily on

A psychoanalysis.

B introspection.

C science.

D massed practice.

Question #34

Humanistic psychologists were led by

A Rogers and Maslow.

B Wundt and Titchener.

C Watson and Skinner.

D Freud and James.

Question #35

The growth potential of healthy people was emphasized by

A cognitive neuroscience.

B behavior genetics.

C humanistic psychology.

D Freudian psychology.

Question #36

The mind’s defenses against its own unconscious wishes and impulses were of special interest to

A B. F. Skinner.

B Charles Darwin.

C John B. Watson.

D Sigmund Freud.

Question #37

B. F. Skinner was a prominent American

A cognitive neuroscientist.

B psychiatrist.

C behaviorist.

D structuralist.

Question #38

Who dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as “the scientific study of observable behavior”?

A Freud and James

B Wundt and Titchener

C Watson and Skinner

D Rogers and Maslow

Question #39

Which school of psychology attempted to identify the basic elements of mind?

A behaviorism

B structuralism

C functionalism

D psychoanalysis

Question #40

The first psychological laboratory was established by

A Wilhelm Wundt.

B Jean Piaget.

C Sigmund Freud.

D John Watson.

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