Exam 2

A  Teen girls today are growing up in a toxic culture and are at risk for a number of problems and disorders.

B  Women’s bodies are objectified in our society and women are constantly bombarded with images and messages that they must be thin.

C  Adolescents are not considered prime targets for advertising.

D  Women receive conflicting messages of what the “ideal” woman is.

A  there is equal funding in schools across the United States.

B  there is a discrepancy in funding of public education in the United States and some schools lack resources and offer few opportunities for educational success for their students.

C  all schools in the United States emphasize critical thinking skills today.

D  teacher expectations do not affect students’ performance.

A  found that all of the offenders stated that profit motive and extraordinary circumstances due to their employment difficulties were NOT factors in their criminal activity.

B  stated that the offenders utilized impression management techniques and techniques of neutralization (such as denial of victim) to avoid being labeled.

C  found that offenders went through a process of transformation of their identities.

D  presented data from a study in which the research method utilized was interviews and the sample included convicted white-collar offenders.

A  Exchange Theory

B  Cyberfeminism

C  Structural Functionalism

D  Symbolic Interactionism

A  The prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another.

B  Dating a member of the same sex to make a political statement.

C  The refusal to participate in any tasks with gender-specific requirements.

D  When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves.

A  Symbolic Interactionism

B  Structural Functionalism

C  Cyberfeminism

D  Conflict Theory

A  $1.52

B  55 cents

C  92 cents

D  77 cents

A  A double standard

B  A misunderstanding

C  Gender identity

D  Homophobia

A  Sex is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine, gender is biological characterization of anatomy.

B  Sex refers to sexual orientation, and gender refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females.

C  Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.

D  Sex refers to who a person is sexually attracted to, and gender refers to whom a person chooses to partner with.

A  Symbolic interactionism

B  Conflict theory

C  Feminism

D  Functionalism

A  The social construction of race

B  Affirmative action

C  White privilege

D  Intersection theory

A  No longer in existence

B  A product of the media

C  Biologically identifiable

D  Not biologically identifiable

A  Feminism

B  Manifest function

C  Tracking

D  Grade inflation

A  Academic bribing

B  Grade inflation

C  Systematic grading

D  GPA debt

A  Functionalism

B  Conflict theory

C  Symbolic interactionism

D  Feminist theory

A  Symbolic interactionism

B  Conflict theory

C  Functionalism

D  None of the above

A  Men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are cohabitating.

B  Men and women who are married prefer to seek therapy and counseling for their problems rather than hitting, punching, or screaming.

C  Men and women who are married feel empowered to report abuse, thus the statistics we have on IPV between married couples are very accurate.

D  Men and women who are married experience considerably more abuse, than those who are cohabitating.

A  Most people divorcing in the 1960’s grew up during World War II and struggled to make the austerity of their childhood correlate with their more abundant and fruitful lifestyles in the 1960’s.

B  Men were granted more freedom and often allowed to work from home which put more strain on their marital relationships, and which also coincided with women becoming more educated and more aware of their legal rights.

C  The 1960’s saw the birth of the zero-tolerance concept, which many men and women applied to their marriages, and which, many in society thought a great idea.

D  There was an increase in women working outside of the home, and also, greater social acceptance of divorce.

A  Most men spend at least a year traveling the world to get a better understanding of the world, and consequently, don’t want to be tied down by a wife.

B  Most people in the Millennial generation are caring for their aging parents and do not have time for long term, serious relationships.

C  Many young people place education and career higher than marriage on their list of priorities.

D  Many women fear having children too early and, consequently, having to give up a good career.

A  It does not matter because divorce occurs when two people are incompatible and does not depend on how long people have lived with each other.

B  Cohabitating, unmarried partners have the exact same divorce rate as the people who don’t cohabitate until marriage.

C  Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly lower divorce rate after they get married than those who don’t cohabitate until after marriage.

D  Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly higher divorce rate after they get married than those who don’t cohabitate until after marriage.

A  Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.

B  Sociologists only consider traditional marriage as a requirement to be a family.

C  Sociologist try to keep the definition open so that people who walk by each other on the street are a family.

D  Sociologists only consider people who live in the same household to be a family.

A  Continuity theory

B  Age stratification theory

C  Modernization theory

D  Exchange theory

A  As people age, they think less and less about being married to their spouse, and more about their individuality.

B  As people age, they begin to lose their friends and family and spend their last days mourning their losses.

C  As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society.

D  As people age, they disengage with their friends in order to spend more time with their families.

A  It is the comparison of working people to non-working people.

B  It is the comparison of grandparents to parents.

C  It is the comparison of children to parents.

D  It is the comparison of healthcare professionals to the elderly.

A  With industrialization and the building of big cities, there is very little green nature left and everything is the color of steel.

B  The greatest part of the population is reaching the age of 65 and entering old age.

C  Gray is culturally considered beautiful and thus people are bleaching their hair.

D  People are living under so much stress now, that they are going gray early.

A  Functionalist

B  Symbolic Interactionist

C  Conflict

D  Cyberfeminist

A  Technological pause

B  Computer lag

C  Digital divide

D  New media

A  A label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual.

B  The regulation and enforcement of norms.

C  An arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives.

D  A system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.

A  Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals.

B  Argues that morality is based on wealth.

C  States individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance.

D  Asserts that motivation and personal responsibility are the key factors in living a healthy lifestyle.

A  Strain theory

B  Labeling theory

C  Differential association

D  Control theory

A  Social reward for the violation of norms.

B  A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.

C  The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.

D  The regulation and enforcement of norms.

A  Strain theory

B  Differential association theory

C  Opaque theory

D  Labeling theory

A  Age is dependent on one’s physical appearance.

B  Age is socially constructed.

C  Age has a similar meaning in most societies.

D  Age is dependent upon one’s individual attitude and personality.

A  gender stratification

B  sexual harassment

C  sex-typing

D  matriarchy

A  political correctness

B  affirmative action

C  feminization of the workplace

D  gender tracking

A  providing child care service for working parents and the hidden curriculum

B  teaching computer literacy, the hidden curriculum, reproducing the social class system

C  teaching the three Rs, the hidden curriculum, reproducing the social class system

D  teaching knowledge and skills, cultural transmission of values, social integration

A  child neglect

B  child abuse

C  middle-age fatherhood

D  serial fatherhood

A  the feminist perspective

B  the functionalist perspective

C  the symbolic interactionist perspective

D  the conflict perspective

A  Middle class parents are likely to raise their children by methods of concerted cultivation.

B  Working class and poor parents are more likely to emphasize natural growth, provide basic support, and are more likely to give directives to their children.

C  Middle class parents are more likely to stress language use, the development of reasoning skills, and negotiation.

D  all of the above were noted in the research findings.

A  parents’ education level and occupation.

B  social class level, gender, and geographic location.

C  being male or female and one’s race.

D  all are factors of one’s playing field.

E  none of the above are examples of one’s playing field

A  The race of the members of each group.

B  The difference in the social class of the Saints compared to the Roughnecks.

C  The intellectual status of each group.

D  The age of the Saints compared to the age of the Roughnecks.

A  individual IQ scores

B  social class

C  language skills

D  physical attractiveness

A  Differential Association Theory

B  Labeling Theory

C  Control-Bond Theory

D  Strain Theory

A  caused by positivism.

B  caused by biological drives.

C  being due to individuals having a criminal personality.

D  caused by a defective environment.

A  hierarchial statuses formed quickly in the group of boys just as it does in the greater society.

B  competition breeds friction between groups.

C  cooperative tasks is inversely related with group conflict.

D  none of the above.

E  all of the above.

A  become an alcoholic or marry an alcoholic.

B  be obese and/or have low self-esteem.

C  be aggressive and have a weak bond with his parents.

D  all of the above.

A  social class

B  religion

C  education

D  ethnicity

A  Mothers kept their sons closer to them when they played.

B  Mothers subconsciously rewarded daughters for being dependent.

C  Mothers socialized their sons to be passive and dependent.

D  Mothers tended to treat their children the same, regardless of the child’s sex.

A  actions; attitudes

B  values; attitudes

C  norms; beliefs

D  attitudes; actions

A  standardized test scores

B  family background

C  high school rank

D  age at application

A  these children take on adult reponsibilites.

B  these children may have a “mid-life crisis” in adulthood as they may revert back to stages they missed in childhood.

C  these children miss out on key stages of their childhood.

D  all of the above.

A  Strain Theory

B  Differential Association Theory

C  Labeling Theory

D  Rational-Choice Theory

E  Control-Bond Theory

A  Differential Association Theory

B  Labeling Theory

C  Control-Bond Theory

D  Rational-Choice/Exchange Theory

A  parents who are prejudice want their children to experience discrimination.

B  children do not adopt stereotypes or learn prejudice from their significant others or agents of socialization.

C  learning about prejudice and experiencing discrimination has no effect on children.

D  having children experience discrimination first hand can alleviate prejudicial beliefs in adulthood.

A  When we are able to reject negative labels and neutralize our deviance.

B  When we are members of the middle or upper classes and have too much to lose.

C  When we have strong attachments, commitments, and involvement with society.

D  When punishment is feared from authorities such as parents or the court system.

A  gender socialization

B  resocialization

C  gender tracking

D  the hidden curriculum

A  It is a unilateral family.

B  It is a bilateral family.

C  It is an egalitarian family.

D  It is an extended family.

A  cooperative tasks has not worked in the past as individual achievement is a core U.S. value.

B  consistent and intensive nteractions with other groups can alleviate prejudicial feelings.

C  educating those who are racist will not work as individual’s views do not change.

D  there is really nothing that can be done as prejudice and discrimination cannot be alleviated.

A  It ensures that the more capable people fill positions requiring higher intellectual levels.

B  It reproduces the racial and ethnic structure of society for the next generation.

C  It creates dedicated workers who will sacrifice personal ambition for the needs of society.

D  It perpetuates the class system that has been in place for generations.