Exam 4

A  a planet atmosphere

B  an expelled shell of gas

C  a small black hole

D  an exploding white dwarf

A  helium

B  silica & sulphur

C  carbon & oxygen

D  deuterium & tritium

E  iron

A  supernova explosions

B  gravity

C  ignition

D  gas & dust

A  emission

B  reflection

C  dust

D  absorption

A  stellar halo

B  nuclear bulge

C  spiral arms

D  dark matter halo

A  Supergiant

B  Sun-like star

C  Binary system with a white dwarf

D  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

A  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

B  Supergiant

C  Sun-like star

D  Binary system with a white dwarf

A  Supergiant

B  Binary system with a white dwarf

C  Sun-like star

D  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

A  Supergiant

B  Sun-like star

C  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

D  Binary system with a white dwarf

A  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

B  Sun-like star

C  Binary system with a white dwarf

D  Supergiant

A  Binary system with a white dwarf

B  Supergiant

C  Sun-like star

D  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

A  Sun-like star

B  Supergiant

C  the collision of two neutron stars or two black holes

D  Binary system with a white dwarf

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Mars

B  Earth

C  Uranus

D  Venus

A  the speeds of the stars near the core.

B  the total mass of the galaxy.

C  the distance of the galaxy from the Milky Way Galaxy.

D  the color of the galaxy.

E  the diminished brightness of starlight in the galaxy core, relative to surrounding areas.

A  maintaining the same size.

B  collapsing very slowly.

C  the Universe is expanding in a linear fashion with constant speed.

D  the Universe is expanding in a exponential fashion, accelerating faster and faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  117,000,000 years

B  11,700,000 light years

C  1,170,000 years

D  11,700,000 years

A  Each cluster of galaxies is the same size.

B  Super-clusters expand outward from a Big Bang source.

C  Super-clusters are uniform & homogeneous across the universe.

D  Filaments of galaxies surround voids that have no or very few galaxies inside.

A  Astronomers can learn about the evolution of galaxies with images of the same galaxies taken by Edwin Hubble in the early 20th century.

B  In the past, there existed a population of small, blue, irregular galaxies that have either merged together or faded from view.

C  Most elliptical galaxies formed within the first few billion years after the big bang.

D  Our Milky Way Galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy are likely to form an elliptical galaxy at some time in the future.

E  At least some galaxies formed from the joining together (merging) of small groups of stars.

A  gravitational funnel

B  center of mass

C  Roche Lobe

D  Roche Limit

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Triton

B  Venus

C  Io

D  Uranus

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Despite the expansion of the Universe, pairs of galaxies can still sometimes move toward each other and even merge together.

B  Hubble’s law alone implies that as the distance of a particular galaxy increases with time, it moves away from us progressively faster; in other words, it’s accelerating away from us.

C  If Galaxies Luke and Yoda both satisfy Hubble’s law, and Galaxy Luke’s distance is three times Galaxy Yoda’s distance, then Galaxy Luke is moving away from us three times faster than Galaxy Yoda.

D  Hubble’s law can be used to determine the lookback times of distant galaxies – that is, how far back in time we are seeing them.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  spiral

B  lenticular

C  dwarf

D  elliptical

E  irregular

A  supernovae

B  passing nebulae (cocoon)

C  neighboring giant

D  outer shells of gas

E  nearby main sequence cluster stars

A  16

B  1/16

C  1/4

D  1

E  4

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Emission nebulae are mostly found in spiral arms.

B  Clouds of gas and dust are mostly found in spiral arms.

C  Spiral arms contain most of the hot, young, massive stars.

D  Spiral arms are usually the most prominent features in the disk.

E  Spiral arms consist mostly of dark matter.

A  Type Ia regions

B  HII regions

C  HI regions

D  HIII regions

A  It has one neutron and one proton.

B  It is an isotope of hydrogen.

C  It has one electron, so it is not an ion.

D  It has one more proton than an average hydrogen atom.

A  globular star clusters.

B  the central supermassive black hole.

C  the Galactic halo.

D  the Galactic bulge.

E  giant molecular clouds in spiral arms.

A  the core expands and thus cools down.

B  the core contracts and thus heats up.

C  the core contracts and thus cools down.

D  the core remains about the same size, but heats up as fusion of helium to carbon begins immediately after the hydrogen fuel is gone.

E  the core expands and thus heats up.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  5.6 x 107
1.2 x 10-1

B  5.6 x 108
1.2 x 101

C  5.6 x 108
1.2 x 10-1

D  5.6 x 107
1.2 x 101

A  a Blue Supergiant

B  one black hole

C  a captured galaxy

D  dust and gas

A  sun-like stars

B  white dwarfs

C  Cepheid variables

D  super massive black holes

E  red supergiants

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  All of these answers would work.

B  Identify an accretion disk emitting x-rays.

C  Find an astrometric binary with a massive companion.

D  Find star(s) orbiting a blank spot.

A  lenticular

B  irregular

C  elliptical

D  dwarf

E  spiral

A  dust grains in molecular clouds.

B  carbon monoxide (CO) molecules.

C  the atomic hydrogen spin-flip transition.

D  the rotation of hydrogen molecules.

E  electrons in hydrogen atoms jumping from the third to the second energy levels.

A  none of these

B  dark energy

C  dark matter

D  stars, protons, neutrons, electrons

A  consist largely of uranium and other very heavy elements.

B  are the end states only of stars whose initial mass if much greater than that of the Sun.

C  consist largely of carbon and oxygen.

D  shine only while nuclear reactions continue within them.

E  support themselves against the pull of gravity in the same way as normal stars link the Sun, using the pressure exerted by hot gases within them.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Globular star clusters reside in the halo and contain main-sequence stars spanning all spectral types, from O through M.

B  It is difficult to see the central regions of our Galaxy in optical (visible) light because intervening dust absorbs and scatters light.

C  Nebulae such as the Orion Nebula are stellar nurseries – regions where new stars are forming, or recently formed.

D  Rapid motions of stars near the center suggest that it harbors a black hole, millions of times the mass of our Sun.

E  New stars generally form in the spiral arms.

A  supernova

B  neutron star

C  black hole

D  white dwarf

A  a red-giant star ejects a planetary nebula.

B  two neutron stars merge, forming a more massive neutron star.

C  matter accreted from a companion star unstably ignites on the surface of a white dwarf

D  a neutron star’s magnetic field becomes strong enough to produce two oppositely directed jets of rapidly moving particles.

E  an extremely massive star collapses, and also ejects its outer atmosphere.