Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Lysosomes

B  Peroxisomes

C  Endosomes

D  Ribosomes

E  Mitochondria

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  plasma membrane.

B  endoplasmic reticulum.

C  Golgi apparatus.

D  mitochondria.

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It has no net electrical charge.

C  It is ionized.

D  It is covalent.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

B  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

C  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

D  can be carbohydrate molecules.

E  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

A  100 mM NaCl

B  200 mM NaCl

C  300 mM glucose

D  400 mM urea

E  100 mM MgCl 2

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

D  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

E  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

A  Primary active transport

B  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

C  Facilitated diffusion

D  Secondary active transport

E  Simple diffusion

A  occurs in the cytoplasm.

B  is called translation of the message.

C  produces an RNA transcript

D  requires an RNA polymerase

E  is called transcription of the message.

F  requires DNA polymerase.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  hydrophobic.

B  amphipathic.

C  hydrophilic.

D  bipolar.

E  unipolar.

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  The number of protons

B  The number of bonds it can form

C  The number of neutrons

D  The number of electrons

E  The ratio of protons to electrons

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

B  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

E  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

B  Vitamins

C  Sugars that were broken down for energy

D  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

E  Ionic forms of mineral elements

A  Lipid molecules

B  Solutes

C  Water

D  Charged particles

E  Glucose

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  Increase blood glucose level

A  Golgi apparatus

B  Lysosome

C  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

D  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

E  Mitochondrion

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  starch.

B  protein.

C  glycogen.

D  cellulose.

E  triacylglycerol.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Exocytosis

B  Pinocytosis

C  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

D  Primary active transport

E  Secondary active transport

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Primary

B  Quaternary

C  Tertiary

D  Secondary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Glycolysis

D  Krebs cycle

E  Oxidative phosphorylation

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Generation of ATP

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

A  It is expressed only on select cell types

B  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

C  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

D  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

E  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

A  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

B  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

C  take place only when no oxygen is present.

D  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  It will swell in size.

B  It will stay the same size.

C  It will shrink in size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By phosphorylating a reactant

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

A  Phagocytosis

B  Pinocytosis

C  Hydrosmosis

D  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

E  Active transport

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Ionic bonds

C  Hydrogen bonds

D  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

E  Van der Waals forces

A  Dividing by mitosis

B  Breaking down carbohydrates

C  Synthesizing lipids

D  Making ATP

E  Manufacturing ribosomes

A  diffusion through a channel.

B  active transport.

C  diffusion using a pump.

D  simple diffusion.

A  monopeptide

B  polypeptide

C  dipeptide

D  peptide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Specificity

B  Inhibition

C  Accommodation

D  Acclimatization

E  Saturation

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  6

B  2

C  8

D  4

E  1

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It includes actin filaments.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

C  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

D  Generating ATP

E  Providing genetic information