Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Lysosomes

B  Peroxisomes

C  Ribosomes

D  Mitochondria

E  Endosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Golgi apparatus.

B  plasma membrane.

C  endoplasmic reticulum.

D  mitochondria.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  are nonspecific.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is covalent.

C  It is ionized.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

D  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  200 mM NaCl

B  100 mM MgCl 2

C  400 mM urea

D  300 mM glucose

E  100 mM NaCl

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

D  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

A  Simple diffusion

B  Secondary active transport

C  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

D  Primary active transport

E  Facilitated diffusion

A  occurs in the cytoplasm.

B  requires DNA polymerase.

C  requires an RNA polymerase

D  produces an RNA transcript

E  is called translation of the message.

F  is called transcription of the message.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  hydrophilic.

B  amphipathic.

C  unipolar.

D  hydrophobic.

E  bipolar.

A  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  The number of protons

B  The ratio of protons to electrons

C  The number of bonds it can form

D  The number of neutrons

E  The number of electrons

A  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

B  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

B  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

C  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Ionic forms of mineral elements

B  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

C  Sugars that were broken down for energy

D  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

E  Vitamins

A  Glucose

B  Solutes

C  Charged particles

D  Water

E  Lipid molecules

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  Lysosome

B  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

C  Mitochondrion

D  Golgi apparatus

E  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  starch.

B  protein.

C  glycogen.

D  cellulose.

E  triacylglycerol.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Exocytosis

B  Pinocytosis

C  Primary active transport

D  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

E  Secondary active transport

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Secondary

B  Tertiary

C  Quaternary

D  Primary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  Glycolysis

E  Krebs cycle

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Generation of ATP

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

A  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

B  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

C  It is expressed only on select cell types

D  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

E  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

A  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

B  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

C  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

D  take place only when no oxygen is present.

E  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will stay the same size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  By increasing the temperature of a solution

B  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

C  By phosphorylating a reactant

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

A  Active transport

B  Hydrosmosis

C  Pinocytosis

D  Phagocytosis

E  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

C  Van der Waals forces

D  Hydrogen bonds

E  Ionic bonds

A  Synthesizing lipids

B  Dividing by mitosis

C  Manufacturing ribosomes

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Making ATP

A  active transport.

B  diffusion through a channel.

C  simple diffusion.

D  diffusion using a pump.

A  monopeptide

B  dipeptide

C  peptide

D  polypeptide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Inhibition

B  Specificity

C  Acclimatization

D  Accommodation

E  Saturation

A  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

B  They have different numbers of protons.

C  They have different numbers of electrons.

D  They have different numbers of neutrons.

E  They have different number of energy shells

A  2

B  1

C  4

D  8

E  6

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  It includes actin filaments.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

C  Generating ATP

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Providing genetic information