Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Ribosomes

B  Mitochondria

C  Peroxisomes

D  Endosomes

E  Lysosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  plasma membrane.

B  mitochondria.

C  Golgi apparatus.

D  endoplasmic reticulum.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

C  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  are nonspecific.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It is ionized.

C  It is covalent.

D  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  can be carbohydrate molecules.

C  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  100 mM NaCl

C  300 mM glucose

D  200 mM NaCl

E  400 mM urea

A  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

B  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

D  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

E  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

A  Primary active transport

B  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

C  Simple diffusion

D  Secondary active transport

E  Facilitated diffusion

A  occurs in the cytoplasm.

B  requires DNA polymerase.

C  requires an RNA polymerase

D  is called transcription of the message.

E  produces an RNA transcript

F  is called translation of the message.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  hydrophilic.

B  unipolar.

C  bipolar.

D  hydrophobic.

E  amphipathic.

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  The number of protons

B  The number of bonds it can form

C  The number of neutrons

D  The ratio of protons to electrons

E  The number of electrons

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

E  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

C  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

D  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Vitamins

B  Sugars that were broken down for energy

C  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

D  Ionic forms of mineral elements

E  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

A  Lipid molecules

B  Glucose

C  Water

D  Solutes

E  Charged particles

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

B  Mitochondrion

C  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D  Golgi apparatus

E  Lysosome

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  protein.

B  starch.

C  cellulose.

D  glycogen.

E  triacylglycerol.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Primary active transport

B  Exocytosis

C  Pinocytosis

D  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

E  Secondary active transport

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Quaternary

B  Secondary

C  Primary

D  Tertiary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Oxidative phosphorylation

B  Krebs cycle

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

E  Glycolysis

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

C  Generation of ATP

D  Transcription of DNA into RNA

E  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

B  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

B  It is expressed only on select cell types

C  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

D  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

E  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

A  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

B  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

C  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  take place only when no oxygen is present.

A  It will shrink in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will stay the same size.

D  It will swell in size.

A  By decreasing the energy of activation

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By phosphorylating a reactant

D  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

E  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

A  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

B  Pinocytosis

C  Phagocytosis

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Active transport

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

C  Ionic bonds

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  Making ATP

B  Synthesizing lipids

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Manufacturing ribosomes

A  diffusion through a channel.

B  diffusion using a pump.

C  active transport.

D  simple diffusion.

A  polypeptide

B  monopeptide

C  dipeptide

D  peptide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Accommodation

B  Specificity

C  Inhibition

D  Acclimatization

E  Saturation

A  They have different number of energy shells

B  They have different numbers of protons.

C  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

D  They have different numbers of electrons.

E  They have different numbers of neutrons.

A  4

B  6

C  2

D  1

E  8

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  It includes actin filaments.

B  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

B  Generating ATP

C  Providing genetic information

D  Storing calcium ions

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism