Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Peroxisomes

B  Endosomes

C  Ribosomes

D  Lysosomes

E  Mitochondria

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  plasma membrane.

B  mitochondria.

C  endoplasmic reticulum.

D  Golgi apparatus.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  are nonspecific.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  It is covalent.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

B  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

C  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

D  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  400 mM urea

B  100 mM MgCl 2

C  300 mM glucose

D  100 mM NaCl

E  200 mM NaCl

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

C  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

D  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

A  Simple diffusion

B  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

C  Primary active transport

D  Facilitated diffusion

E  Secondary active transport

A  is called transcription of the message.

B  requires DNA polymerase.

C  produces an RNA transcript

D  occurs in the cytoplasm.

E  requires an RNA polymerase

F  is called translation of the message.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  bipolar.

B  hydrophilic.

C  amphipathic.

D  unipolar.

E  hydrophobic.

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  The number of bonds it can form

B  The ratio of protons to electrons

C  The number of electrons

D  The number of protons

E  The number of neutrons

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

E  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

D  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Vitamins

B  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

C  Sugars that were broken down for energy

D  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

E  Ionic forms of mineral elements

A  Water

B  Charged particles

C  Lipid molecules

D  Glucose

E  Solutes

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

B  Mitochondrion

C  Lysosome

D  Golgi apparatus

E  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  triacylglycerol.

B  protein.

C  cellulose.

D  glycogen.

E  starch.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Primary active transport

B  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

C  Exocytosis

D  Pinocytosis

E  Secondary active transport

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Quaternary

B  Tertiary

C  Secondary

D  Primary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Krebs cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  Oxidative phosphorylation

D  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

C  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

D  Generation of ATP

E  Transcription of DNA into RNA

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

B  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

C  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

D  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

E  It is expressed only on select cell types

A  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

B  take place only when no oxygen is present.

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  It will swell in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  By phosphorylating a reactant

B  By decreasing the energy of activation

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

E  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

A  Active transport

B  Pinocytosis

C  Hydrosmosis

D  Phagocytosis

E  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

A  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Van der Waals forces

D  Ionic bonds

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  Making ATP

B  Manufacturing ribosomes

C  Breaking down carbohydrates

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Dividing by mitosis

A  active transport.

B  simple diffusion.

C  diffusion using a pump.

D  diffusion through a channel.

A  peptide

B  polypeptide

C  monopeptide

D  dipeptide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Saturation

B  Accommodation

C  Inhibition

D  Acclimatization

E  Specificity

A  They have different numbers of electrons.

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different number of energy shells

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different numbers of neutrons.

A  4

B  2

C  1

D  6

E  8

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It includes actin filaments.

C  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It is important for cellular movement.

A  Generating ATP

B  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

C  Providing genetic information

D  Storing calcium ions

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism