Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Lysosomes

B  Peroxisomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Endosomes

E  Ribosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Golgi apparatus.

B  plasma membrane.

C  endoplasmic reticulum.

D  mitochondria.

A  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  are nonspecific.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  It is ionized.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is covalent.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  can be carbohydrate molecules.

C  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  100 mM NaCl

C  400 mM urea

D  300 mM glucose

E  200 mM NaCl

A  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

B  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

D  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

E  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

A  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

B  Primary active transport

C  Simple diffusion

D  Facilitated diffusion

E  Secondary active transport

A  is called transcription of the message.

B  produces an RNA transcript

C  requires an RNA polymerase

D  is called translation of the message.

E  requires DNA polymerase.

F  occurs in the cytoplasm.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  bipolar.

B  unipolar.

C  hydrophobic.

D  amphipathic.

E  hydrophilic.

A  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

D  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

E  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  The number of protons

B  The number of electrons

C  The number of bonds it can form

D  The number of neutrons

E  The ratio of protons to electrons

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

B  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

C  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Vitamins

B  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

C  Sugars that were broken down for energy

D  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

E  Ionic forms of mineral elements

A  Water

B  Charged particles

C  Lipid molecules

D  Glucose

E  Solutes

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  Decrease blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  Mitochondrion

B  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

C  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D  Golgi apparatus

E  Lysosome

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  starch.

B  glycogen.

C  protein.

D  cellulose.

E  triacylglycerol.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Pinocytosis

B  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

C  Secondary active transport

D  Exocytosis

E  Primary active transport

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Quaternary

B  Tertiary

C  Primary

D  Secondary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Krebs cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

E  Oxidative phosphorylation

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

B  Generation of ATP

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

E  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

A  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

B  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

C  It is expressed only on select cell types

D  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

E  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

A  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

B  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

C  take place only when no oxygen is present.

D  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will stay the same size.

C  It will swell in size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  By decreasing the energy of activation

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

A  Phagocytosis

B  Pinocytosis

C  Hydrosmosis

D  Active transport

E  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

A  Van der Waals forces

B  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

C  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

D  Ionic bonds

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  Breaking down carbohydrates

B  Manufacturing ribosomes

C  Making ATP

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Dividing by mitosis

A  simple diffusion.

B  active transport.

C  diffusion through a channel.

D  diffusion using a pump.

A  peptide

B  monopeptide

C  polypeptide

D  dipeptide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Acclimatization

B  Specificity

C  Inhibition

D  Accommodation

E  Saturation

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They have different numbers of protons.

D  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  8

B  6

C  2

D  1

E  4

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It includes actin filaments.

D  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  Generating ATP

B  Providing genetic information

C  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Storing calcium ions