Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Mitochondria

B  Ribosomes

C  Peroxisomes

D  Endosomes

E  Lysosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Golgi apparatus.

B  endoplasmic reticulum.

C  mitochondria.

D  plasma membrane.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  are nonspecific.

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It is covalent.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is ionized.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

C  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

D  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  400 mM urea

B  200 mM NaCl

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  100 mM NaCl

E  300 mM glucose

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

D  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

E  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

A  Secondary active transport

B  Simple diffusion

C  Primary active transport

D  Facilitated diffusion

E  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

A  requires DNA polymerase.

B  is called transcription of the message.

C  occurs in the cytoplasm.

D  requires an RNA polymerase

E  is called translation of the message.

F  produces an RNA transcript

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  hydrophobic.

B  bipolar.

C  hydrophilic.

D  unipolar.

E  amphipathic.

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  The number of bonds it can form

B  The number of neutrons

C  The number of protons

D  The number of electrons

E  The ratio of protons to electrons

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

E  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

B  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Sugars that were broken down for energy

B  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

C  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

D  Ionic forms of mineral elements

E  Vitamins

A  Water

B  Glucose

C  Charged particles

D  Lipid molecules

E  Solutes

A  Decrease blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Increase blood glucose level

A  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

B  Lysosome

C  Golgi apparatus

D  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

E  Mitochondrion

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  cellulose.

B  triacylglycerol.

C  protein.

D  starch.

E  glycogen.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Exocytosis

B  Primary active transport

C  Secondary active transport

D  Pinocytosis

E  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Primary

B  Tertiary

C  Secondary

D  Quaternary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Glycolysis

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  Krebs cycle

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Generation of ATP

E  Transcription of DNA into RNA

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

A  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

B  It is expressed only on select cell types

C  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

D  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

E  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

A  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

B  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

C  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

D  take place only when no oxygen is present.

E  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will stay the same size.

C  The result can’t be predicted

D  It will swell in size.

A  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By decreasing the energy of activation

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  Hydrosmosis

B  Phagocytosis

C  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

D  Active transport

E  Pinocytosis

A  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

B  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

C  Van der Waals forces

D  Hydrogen bonds

E  Ionic bonds

A  Making ATP

B  Breaking down carbohydrates

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Manufacturing ribosomes

A  diffusion through a channel.

B  simple diffusion.

C  diffusion using a pump.

D  active transport.

A  dipeptide

B  polypeptide

C  peptide

D  monopeptide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Saturation

B  Accommodation

C  Inhibition

D  Specificity

E  Acclimatization

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  6

B  2

C  8

D  4

E  1

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  It includes actin filaments.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It is important for cellular movement.

A  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

B  Generating ATP

C  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

D  Storing calcium ions

E  Providing genetic information