Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  are nonspecific.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  Van der Waals forces

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Ionic bonds

D  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

E  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  4

B  6

C  8

D  1

E  2

A  diffusion using a pump.

B  simple diffusion.

C  diffusion through a channel.

D  active transport.

A  Cholesterol

B  Amino acids

C  Nucleotides

D  Phospholipids

E  Monosaccharides

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  ribosomes

B  mitochondria

C  lysosomes

D  endosomes

E  peroxisomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  polyunsaturated fat

B  unsaturated fat

C  monounsaturated fat

D  saturated fat

A  Specificity

B  Acclimatization

C  Saturation

D  Inhibition

E  Accommodation

A  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

B  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

C  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

D  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

E  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  disaccharide

B  saccharide

C  polysaccharide

D  monosaccharide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  300 mM glucose

C  400 mM urea

D  100 mM NaCl

E  200 mM NaCl

A  Lipophilic

B  Atom

C  Molecule

D  Ion

E  Polar

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  dipeptide

B  peptide

C  polypeptide

D  monopeptide

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It includes actin filaments.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It is important for cellular movement.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

B  It is expressed only on select cell types

C  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

D  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

E  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

A  A covalent molecule

B  An anion

C  A cation

D  A free radical

E  A new element

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

B  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

D  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  Glycolysis

D  Krebs cycle

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  Providing genetic information

B  Generating ATP

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Storing calcium ions

A  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

D  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  unipolar.

B  bipolar.

C  amphipathic.

D  hydrophobic.

E  hydrophilic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  Primary active transport

B  Secondary active transport

C  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

D  Facilitated diffusion

E  Simple diffusion

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It is covalent.

D  It is ionized.

A  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

B  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

C  can be carbohydrate molecules.

D  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

E  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  starch.

B  cellulose.

C  glycogen.

D  protein.

E  triacylglycerol.

A  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

B  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  take place only when no oxygen is present.

E  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

A  The number of bonds it can form

B  The number of electrons

C  The ratio of protons to electrons

D  The number of protons

E  The number of neutrons

A  used by cells for the storage of energy.

B  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

C  used to transfer energy within a cell.

D  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

E  a protein.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Generation of ATP

E  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

A  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Water

B  Solutes

C  Lipid molecules

D  Charged particles

E  Glucose

A  The result can’t be predicted

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  Quaternary

B  Secondary

C  Tertiary

D  Primary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  requires DNA polymerase.

B  produces an RNA transcript

C  is called transcription of the message.

D  requires an RNA polymerase

E  occurs in the cytoplasm.

F  is called translation of the message.