Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  are nonspecific.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Ionic bonds

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  4

B  2

C  8

D  1

E  6

A  diffusion using a pump.

B  diffusion through a channel.

C  active transport.

D  simple diffusion.

A  Cholesterol

B  Nucleotides

C  Monosaccharides

D  Phospholipids

E  Amino acids

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  lysosomes

B  mitochondria

C  endosomes

D  peroxisomes

E  ribosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  saturated fat

B  monounsaturated fat

C  polyunsaturated fat

D  unsaturated fat

A  Acclimatization

B  Inhibition

C  Specificity

D  Accommodation

E  Saturation

A  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

B  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

C  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

D  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

E  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  disaccharide

B  polysaccharide

C  saccharide

D  monosaccharide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  300 mM glucose

C  100 mM NaCl

D  400 mM urea

E  200 mM NaCl

A  Lipophilic

B  Ion

C  Polar

D  Molecule

E  Atom

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  peptide

B  monopeptide

C  polypeptide

D  dipeptide

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

C  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is expressed only on select cell types

B  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

C  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

D  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

E  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

A  A new element

B  An anion

C  A covalent molecule

D  A free radical

E  A cation

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

B  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

D  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

E  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  Glycolysis

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  Krebs cycle

E  Oxidative phosphorylation

A  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

B  Storing calcium ions

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Generating ATP

E  Providing genetic information

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  unipolar.

B  hydrophilic.

C  hydrophobic.

D  bipolar.

E  amphipathic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

B  Simple diffusion

C  Primary active transport

D  Facilitated diffusion

E  Secondary active transport

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It is covalent.

C  It is ionized.

D  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

A  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

B  can be carbohydrate molecules.

C  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

D  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

E  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  protein.

B  starch.

C  cellulose.

D  glycogen.

E  triacylglycerol.

A  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

B  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

C  take place only when no oxygen is present.

D  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

E  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

A  The number of bonds it can form

B  The number of protons

C  The number of electrons

D  The number of neutrons

E  The ratio of protons to electrons

A  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

B  a protein.

C  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

D  used by cells for the storage of energy.

E  used to transfer energy within a cell.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Generation of ATP

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

A  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

B  By decreasing the energy of activation

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Charged particles

B  Solutes

C  Glucose

D  Lipid molecules

E  Water

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  The result can’t be predicted

D  It will stay the same size.

A  Primary

B  Secondary

C  Quaternary

D  Tertiary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  is called transcription of the message.

B  occurs in the cytoplasm.

C  requires DNA polymerase.

D  requires an RNA polymerase

E  is called translation of the message.

F  produces an RNA transcript