Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  are nonspecific.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  Van der Waals forces

B  Ionic bonds

C  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

D  Hydrogen bonds

E  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  1

B  6

C  8

D  2

E  4

A  simple diffusion.

B  diffusion using a pump.

C  active transport.

D  diffusion through a channel.

A  Phospholipids

B  Amino acids

C  Monosaccharides

D  Nucleotides

E  Cholesterol

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  ribosomes

B  mitochondria

C  endosomes

D  lysosomes

E  peroxisomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  saturated fat

B  polyunsaturated fat

C  monounsaturated fat

D  unsaturated fat

A  Acclimatization

B  Saturation

C  Specificity

D  Inhibition

E  Accommodation

A  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

B  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

C  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

D  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

E  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  saccharide

B  polysaccharide

C  disaccharide

D  monosaccharide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  200 mM NaCl

B  400 mM urea

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  300 mM glucose

E  100 mM NaCl

A  Molecule

B  Lipophilic

C  Polar

D  Ion

E  Atom

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  peptide

B  dipeptide

C  polypeptide

D  monopeptide

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It includes actin filaments.

D  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

E  It is important for cellular movement.

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

B  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

C  It is expressed only on select cell types

D  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

E  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

A  A new element

B  A free radical

C  A covalent molecule

D  An anion

E  A cation

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

B  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

C  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

D  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

E  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Oxidative phosphorylation

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  Glycolysis

E  Krebs cycle

A  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

B  Storing calcium ions

C  Providing genetic information

D  Generating ATP

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  unipolar.

B  hydrophilic.

C  amphipathic.

D  hydrophobic.

E  bipolar.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

B  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

C  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

D  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

B  Secondary active transport

C  Primary active transport

D  Simple diffusion

E  Facilitated diffusion

A  It is ionized.

B  It is covalent.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It has no net electrical charge.

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

C  can be carbohydrate molecules.

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  glycogen.

B  triacylglycerol.

C  starch.

D  protein.

E  cellulose.

A  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

B  take place only when no oxygen is present.

C  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

D  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

E  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

A  The number of protons

B  The ratio of protons to electrons

C  The number of neutrons

D  The number of bonds it can form

E  The number of electrons

A  used by cells for the storage of energy.

B  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

C  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

D  used to transfer energy within a cell.

E  a protein.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Generation of ATP

D  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By decreasing the energy of activation

C  By phosphorylating a reactant

D  By increasing the temperature of a solution

E  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Glucose

B  Charged particles

C  Water

D  Solutes

E  Lipid molecules

A  It will shrink in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will stay the same size.

D  It will swell in size.

A  Quaternary

B  Tertiary

C  Primary

D  Secondary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  occurs in the cytoplasm.

B  produces an RNA transcript

C  is called translation of the message.

D  requires an RNA polymerase

E  is called transcription of the message.

F  requires DNA polymerase.