Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  are nonspecific.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

C  Hydrogen bonds

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Ionic bonds

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  6

B  1

C  2

D  8

E  4

A  diffusion using a pump.

B  diffusion through a channel.

C  simple diffusion.

D  active transport.

A  Amino acids

B  Nucleotides

C  Monosaccharides

D  Phospholipids

E  Cholesterol

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  mitochondria

B  lysosomes

C  peroxisomes

D  endosomes

E  ribosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  unsaturated fat

B  monounsaturated fat

C  saturated fat

D  polyunsaturated fat

A  Saturation

B  Inhibition

C  Accommodation

D  Specificity

E  Acclimatization

A  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

B  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

C  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

D  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

E  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  monosaccharide

B  disaccharide

C  polysaccharide

D  saccharide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  400 mM urea

B  300 mM glucose

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  200 mM NaCl

E  100 mM NaCl

A  Molecule

B  Atom

C  Polar

D  Ion

E  Lipophilic

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  polypeptide

B  monopeptide

C  dipeptide

D  peptide

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It includes actin filaments.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It is important for cellular movement.

A  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

B  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

C  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

D  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

E  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is expressed only on select cell types

B  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

C  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

D  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

E  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

A  A covalent molecule

B  An anion

C  A free radical

D  A new element

E  A cation

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

B  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

A  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

B  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

C  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

D  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  Krebs cycle

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  Glycolysis

A  Generating ATP

B  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

C  Providing genetic information

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Storing calcium ions

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  hydrophilic.

B  amphipathic.

C  unipolar.

D  bipolar.

E  hydrophobic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

A  Secondary active transport

B  Facilitated diffusion

C  Simple diffusion

D  Primary active transport

E  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

A  It is ionized.

B  It has no net electrical charge.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is covalent.

A  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

B  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

C  can be carbohydrate molecules.

D  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

E  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  glycogen.

B  cellulose.

C  starch.

D  triacylglycerol.

E  protein.

A  take place only when no oxygen is present.

B  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

E  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

A  The number of electrons

B  The ratio of protons to electrons

C  The number of protons

D  The number of neutrons

E  The number of bonds it can form

A  used by cells for the storage of energy.

B  used to transfer energy within a cell.

C  a protein.

D  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

E  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Transcription of DNA into RNA

E  Generation of ATP

A  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

B  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

C  By decreasing the energy of activation

D  By phosphorylating a reactant

E  By increasing the temperature of a solution

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Charged particles

B  Glucose

C  Solutes

D  Water

E  Lipid molecules

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will stay the same size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  Secondary

B  Tertiary

C  Primary

D  Quaternary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  occurs in the cytoplasm.

B  is called translation of the message.

C  produces an RNA transcript

D  requires an RNA polymerase

E  is called transcription of the message.

F  requires DNA polymerase.