Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

B  Ionic bonds

C  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  8

B  1

C  6

D  2

E  4

A  simple diffusion.

B  diffusion through a channel.

C  diffusion using a pump.

D  active transport.

A  Cholesterol

B  Monosaccharides

C  Amino acids

D  Nucleotides

E  Phospholipids

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

C  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

D  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

E  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

A  lysosomes

B  mitochondria

C  ribosomes

D  peroxisomes

E  endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  unsaturated fat

B  saturated fat

C  monounsaturated fat

D  polyunsaturated fat

A  Inhibition

B  Saturation

C  Specificity

D  Acclimatization

E  Accommodation

A  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

B  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

C  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

D  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

E  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  polysaccharide

B  disaccharide

C  monosaccharide

D  saccharide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  300 mM glucose

B  200 mM NaCl

C  400 mM urea

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  100 mM NaCl

A  Lipophilic

B  Atom

C  Molecule

D  Ion

E  Polar

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  polypeptide

B  monopeptide

C  peptide

D  dipeptide

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

D  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

E  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

B  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

C  It is expressed only on select cell types

D  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

E  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

A  A cation

B  A free radical

C  An anion

D  A covalent molecule

E  A new element

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

D  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

E  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Krebs cycle

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Glycolysis

D  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

E  Oxidative phosphorylation

A  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

B  Generating ATP

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Providing genetic information

E  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

A  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

E  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  amphipathic.

B  unipolar.

C  bipolar.

D  hydrophobic.

E  hydrophilic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  Simple diffusion

B  Facilitated diffusion

C  Primary active transport

D  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

E  Secondary active transport

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It is covalent.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is ionized.

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  can be carbohydrate molecules.

D  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

E  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  cellulose.

B  glycogen.

C  triacylglycerol.

D  starch.

E  protein.

A  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

B  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  take place only when no oxygen is present.

A  The number of bonds it can form

B  The ratio of protons to electrons

C  The number of electrons

D  The number of neutrons

E  The number of protons

A  a protein.

B  used by cells for the storage of energy.

C  used to transfer energy within a cell.

D  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

E  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Transcription of DNA into RNA

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

C  Generation of ATP

D  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

C  By decreasing the energy of activation

D  By increasing the temperature of a solution

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  It is an amphipathic molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lipid molecules

B  Glucose

C  Solutes

D  Water

E  Charged particles

A  It will swell in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  Tertiary

B  Primary

C  Secondary

D  Quaternary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  requires DNA polymerase.

B  requires an RNA polymerase

C  occurs in the cytoplasm.

D  produces an RNA transcript

E  is called translation of the message.

F  is called transcription of the message.