Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  are nonspecific.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

B  Van der Waals forces

C  Hydrogen bonds

D  Ionic bonds

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  6

B  1

C  8

D  2

E  4

A  simple diffusion.

B  diffusion using a pump.

C  diffusion through a channel.

D  active transport.

A  Phospholipids

B  Monosaccharides

C  Amino acids

D  Nucleotides

E  Cholesterol

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

A  ribosomes

B  lysosomes

C  endosomes

D  peroxisomes

E  mitochondria

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  polyunsaturated fat

B  unsaturated fat

C  saturated fat

D  monounsaturated fat

A  Accommodation

B  Inhibition

C  Acclimatization

D  Specificity

E  Saturation

A  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

B  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

C  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

D  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

E  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  polysaccharide

B  disaccharide

C  saccharide

D  monosaccharide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  100 mM NaCl

B  400 mM urea

C  300 mM glucose

D  200 mM NaCl

E  100 mM MgCl 2

A  Atom

B  Molecule

C  Ion

D  Lipophilic

E  Polar

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  monopeptide

B  dipeptide

C  polypeptide

D  peptide

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It includes actin filaments.

D  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

E  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is expressed only on select cell types

B  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

C  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

D  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

E  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

A  A new element

B  An anion

C  A covalent molecule

D  A cation

E  A free radical

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

D  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Oxidative phosphorylation

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Glycolysis

D  Krebs cycle

E  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

A  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

B  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

C  Providing genetic information

D  Storing calcium ions

E  Generating ATP

A  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

B  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  unipolar.

B  amphipathic.

C  hydrophilic.

D  hydrophobic.

E  bipolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

B  Facilitated diffusion

C  Secondary active transport

D  Primary active transport

E  Simple diffusion

A  It is covalent.

B  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is ionized.

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

C  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

D  can be carbohydrate molecules.

E  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  glycogen.

B  protein.

C  starch.

D  cellulose.

E  triacylglycerol.

A  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

B  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

C  take place only when no oxygen is present.

D  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  The ratio of protons to electrons

B  The number of electrons

C  The number of protons

D  The number of bonds it can form

E  The number of neutrons

A  a protein.

B  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

C  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

D  used to transfer energy within a cell.

E  used by cells for the storage of energy.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

D  Transcription of DNA into RNA

E  Generation of ATP

A  By increasing the temperature of a solution

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

D  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lipid molecules

B  Water

C  Charged particles

D  Glucose

E  Solutes

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will stay the same size.

C  It will swell in size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  Quaternary

B  Secondary

C  Tertiary

D  Primary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  requires an RNA polymerase

B  occurs in the cytoplasm.

C  produces an RNA transcript

D  is called translation of the message.

E  requires DNA polymerase.

F  is called transcription of the message.