Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  are nonspecific.

D  may open in response to binding a ligand.

E  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

A  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

B  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

C  Hydrogen bonds

D  Ionic bonds

E  Van der Waals forces

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  8

B  4

C  1

D  2

E  6

A  simple diffusion.

B  diffusion through a channel.

C  active transport.

D  diffusion using a pump.

A  Nucleotides

B  Phospholipids

C  Monosaccharides

D  Amino acids

E  Cholesterol

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

A  lysosomes

B  endosomes

C  mitochondria

D  peroxisomes

E  ribosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  saturated fat

B  monounsaturated fat

C  polyunsaturated fat

D  unsaturated fat

A  Specificity

B  Inhibition

C  Accommodation

D  Saturation

E  Acclimatization

A  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

B  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

C  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

D  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

E  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  monosaccharide

B  disaccharide

C  saccharide

D  polysaccharide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  200 mM NaCl

B  300 mM glucose

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  400 mM urea

E  100 mM NaCl

A  Ion

B  Atom

C  Polar

D  Lipophilic

E  Molecule

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  polypeptide

B  monopeptide

C  peptide

D  dipeptide

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

D  It includes actin filaments.

E  It is important for cellular movement.

A  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is expressed only on select cell types

B  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

C  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

D  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

E  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

A  A new element

B  An anion

C  A cation

D  A covalent molecule

E  A free radical

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

A  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

B  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

D  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

E  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Glycolysis

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  Krebs cycle

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  Providing genetic information

B  Generating ATP

C  Storing calcium ions

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  amphipathic.

B  unipolar.

C  bipolar.

D  hydrophilic.

E  hydrophobic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

E  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

A  Simple diffusion

B  Primary active transport

C  Facilitated diffusion

D  Secondary active transport

E  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is covalent.

A  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

B  can be carbohydrate molecules.

C  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

D  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

E  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  starch.

B  protein.

C  triacylglycerol.

D  cellulose.

E  glycogen.

A  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

B  take place only when no oxygen is present.

C  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

D  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  The number of neutrons

B  The ratio of protons to electrons

C  The number of bonds it can form

D  The number of protons

E  The number of electrons

A  a protein.

B  used by cells for the storage of energy.

C  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

D  used to transfer energy within a cell.

E  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

B  Transcription of DNA into RNA

C  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

D  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Generation of ATP

A  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By increasing the temperature of a solution

D  By decreasing the energy of activation

E  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Water

B  Solutes

C  Lipid molecules

D  Glucose

E  Charged particles

A  The result can’t be predicted

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will stay the same size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  Primary

B  Quaternary

C  Tertiary

D  Secondary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  requires DNA polymerase.

B  produces an RNA transcript

C  is called transcription of the message.

D  is called translation of the message.

E  occurs in the cytoplasm.

F  requires an RNA polymerase