Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  are nonspecific.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

C  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

D  Ionic bonds

E  Van der Waals forces

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  4

B  2

C  1

D  8

E  6

A  diffusion using a pump.

B  diffusion through a channel.

C  active transport.

D  simple diffusion.

A  Monosaccharides

B  Phospholipids

C  Nucleotides

D  Amino acids

E  Cholesterol

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  ribosomes

B  mitochondria

C  lysosomes

D  endosomes

E  peroxisomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  saturated fat

B  polyunsaturated fat

C  monounsaturated fat

D  unsaturated fat

A  Inhibition

B  Accommodation

C  Acclimatization

D  Saturation

E  Specificity

A  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

B  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

C  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

D  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

E  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  monosaccharide

B  polysaccharide

C  disaccharide

D  saccharide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  300 mM glucose

C  200 mM NaCl

D  100 mM NaCl

E  400 mM urea

A  Atom

B  Polar

C  Ion

D  Lipophilic

E  Molecule

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  polypeptide

B  dipeptide

C  monopeptide

D  peptide

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

C  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

B  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

C  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

D  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

B  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

C  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

D  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

E  It is expressed only on select cell types

A  A free radical

B  A new element

C  A cation

D  A covalent molecule

E  An anion

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

C  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

D  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

E  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Glycolysis

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  Oxidative phosphorylation

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  Krebs cycle

A  Providing genetic information

B  Generating ATP

C  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Storing calcium ions

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

C  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

D  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  hydrophobic.

B  hydrophilic.

C  unipolar.

D  bipolar.

E  amphipathic.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

B  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

C  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

D  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  Secondary active transport

B  Facilitated diffusion

C  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

D  Simple diffusion

E  Primary active transport

A  It has no net electrical charge.

B  It is covalent.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is ionized.

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

C  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  can be carbohydrate molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  cellulose.

B  glycogen.

C  protein.

D  starch.

E  triacylglycerol.

A  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

B  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  take place only when no oxygen is present.

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  The number of neutrons

B  The number of protons

C  The number of electrons

D  The ratio of protons to electrons

E  The number of bonds it can form

A  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

B  a protein.

C  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

D  used to transfer energy within a cell.

E  used by cells for the storage of energy.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

B  Generation of ATP

C  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

D  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

E  Transcription of DNA into RNA

A  By increasing the temperature of a solution

B  By decreasing the energy of activation

C  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

D  By phosphorylating a reactant

E  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a nonpolar molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lipid molecules

B  Water

C  Glucose

D  Solutes

E  Charged particles

A  It will stay the same size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  Quaternary

B  Secondary

C  Primary

D  Tertiary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  is called transcription of the message.

B  occurs in the cytoplasm.

C  requires DNA polymerase.

D  requires an RNA polymerase

E  produces an RNA transcript

F  is called translation of the message.