Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

C  are nonspecific.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Van der Waals forces

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Ionic bonds

E  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  6

B  2

C  4

D  1

E  8

A  diffusion through a channel.

B  simple diffusion.

C  active transport.

D  diffusion using a pump.

A  Nucleotides

B  Monosaccharides

C  Cholesterol

D  Amino acids

E  Phospholipids

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

B  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

C  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

A  ribosomes

B  mitochondria

C  endosomes

D  peroxisomes

E  lysosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  saturated fat

B  monounsaturated fat

C  polyunsaturated fat

D  unsaturated fat

A  Specificity

B  Saturation

C  Accommodation

D  Inhibition

E  Acclimatization

A  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

B  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

C  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

D  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

E  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  polysaccharide

B  disaccharide

C  saccharide

D  monosaccharide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  300 mM glucose

B  100 mM NaCl

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  400 mM urea

E  200 mM NaCl

A  Molecule

B  Lipophilic

C  Atom

D  Ion

E  Polar

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  polypeptide

B  peptide

C  monopeptide

D  dipeptide

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It is important for cellular movement.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It includes actin filaments.

A  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

B  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

E  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

B  It is expressed only on select cell types

C  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

D  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

E  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

A  A cation

B  An anion

C  A new element

D  A free radical

E  A covalent molecule

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

A  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

B  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

D  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

E  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Glycolysis

B  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

C  Krebs cycle

D  Oxidative phosphorylation

E  None of the choices are correct.

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Providing genetic information

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Generating ATP

A  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

B  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  bipolar.

B  amphipathic.

C  hydrophilic.

D  unipolar.

E  hydrophobic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

B  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

C  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

D  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  Primary active transport

B  Secondary active transport

C  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

D  Simple diffusion

E  Facilitated diffusion

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is covalent.

A  can be carbohydrate molecules.

B  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

C  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  glycogen.

B  triacylglycerol.

C  cellulose.

D  protein.

E  starch.

A  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

B  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

C  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

D  take place only when no oxygen is present.

E  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

A  The ratio of protons to electrons

B  The number of electrons

C  The number of neutrons

D  The number of protons

E  The number of bonds it can form

A  a protein.

B  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

C  used by cells for the storage of energy.

D  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

E  used to transfer energy within a cell.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Transcription of DNA into RNA

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Generation of ATP

A  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

B  By increasing the temperature of a solution

C  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

D  By phosphorylating a reactant

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is a polar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Water

B  Lipid molecules

C  Charged particles

D  Glucose

E  Solutes

A  It will stay the same size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  The result can’t be predicted

D  It will shrink in size.

A  Tertiary

B  Quaternary

C  Primary

D  Secondary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  requires an RNA polymerase

B  is called translation of the message.

C  requires DNA polymerase.

D  is called transcription of the message.

E  occurs in the cytoplasm.

F  produces an RNA transcript