Lecture Exam 1(B)

A  are nonspecific.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

B  Ionic bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Hydrogen bonds

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  1

B  2

C  6

D  8

E  4

A  diffusion through a channel.

B  simple diffusion.

C  active transport.

D  diffusion using a pump.

A  Monosaccharides

B  Nucleotides

C  Amino acids

D  Cholesterol

E  Phospholipids

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

B  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

C  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  endosomes

B  peroxisomes

C  lysosomes

D  ribosomes

E  mitochondria

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  saturated fat

B  unsaturated fat

C  monounsaturated fat

D  polyunsaturated fat

A  Specificity

B  Saturation

C  Acclimatization

D  Accommodation

E  Inhibition

A  It may result in the formation of two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose.

B  It does not occur in the presence of O 2.

C  It is a metabolic reaction in which glucose is manufactured from large carbohydrates like glycogen.

D  It does not occur in the absence of O2.

E  It is a series of metabolic reactions that occur mainly inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  monosaccharide

B  polysaccharide

C  saccharide

D  disaccharide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  100 mM NaCl

C  300 mM glucose

D  400 mM urea

E  200 mM NaCl

A  Polar

B  Molecule

C  Atom

D  Ion

E  Lipophilic

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  dipeptide

B  peptide

C  polypeptide

D  monopeptide

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance X will diffuse faster.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

B  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

C  It includes actin filaments.

D  It is important for cellular movement.

E  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

D  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

B  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

C  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

D  It is expressed only on select cell types

E  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

A  A cation

B  A free radical

C  An anion

D  A new element

E  A covalent molecule

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

B  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

A  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

B  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

D  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

E  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Glycolysis

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  None of the choices are correct.

D  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

E  Krebs cycle

A  Generating ATP

B  Providing genetic information

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Storing calcium ions

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  hydrophobic.

B  unipolar.

C  hydrophilic.

D  bipolar.

E  amphipathic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

D  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

E  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

A  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

B  Simple diffusion

C  Facilitated diffusion

D  Secondary active transport

E  Primary active transport

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is covalent.

A  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

B  can be carbohydrate molecules.

C  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

D  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

E  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  protein.

B  cellulose.

C  glycogen.

D  triacylglycerol.

E  starch.

A  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

B  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

C  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

D  take place only when no oxygen is present.

E  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

A  The number of bonds it can form

B  The ratio of protons to electrons

C  The number of electrons

D  The number of protons

E  The number of neutrons

A  a protein.

B  used by cells for the storage of energy.

C  a molecule with less total energy content than ADP.

D  formed during the hydrolysis of ADP.

E  used to transfer energy within a cell.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

B  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Transcription of DNA into RNA

E  Generation of ATP

A  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By decreasing the energy of activation

D  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

E  By increasing the temperature of a solution

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Solutes

B  Lipid molecules

C  Charged particles

D  Water

E  Glucose

A  It will shrink in size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  It will stay the same size.

D  The result can’t be predicted

A  Secondary

B  Primary

C  Quaternary

D  Tertiary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  is called translation of the message.

B  requires an RNA polymerase

C  occurs in the cytoplasm.

D  requires DNA polymerase.

E  produces an RNA transcript

F  is called transcription of the message.